1. 詞匯方面:應(yīng)用豐富的詞匯表達(dá)
豐富的詞匯表達(dá)是指詞匯使用的多樣性,如詞性的多樣性,高級(jí)詞匯的使用,同義詞與反義詞的使用。其中詞性的多樣性指利用構(gòu)詞法進(jìn)行詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,個(gè)別詞性是我們熟知熟用的,若換另一種詞性表達(dá)出來,就給人一種耳目一新的感覺。如increase steadily→experience a steady increase. lt is very helpful→lt is of great help.
不僅如此,若學(xué)生能在作文中恰到好處的應(yīng)用一些“高級(jí)詞匯”,也會(huì)使文章增色不少。如:Your efforts will be very important→Your efforts will make great difference.
It is wise to buy an up-to-date version→It makes sense to buy an up-to-date version.
除此之外,擅用同義詞是優(yōu)秀作文的一大特點(diǎn)。英語中有些詞匯使用頻率相當(dāng)高,這樣容易使文章落入俗套,但如果學(xué)生能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鼈兿鄳?yīng)的同義詞或同義詞組,就會(huì)給平淡的文章增添亮色。如:
You’d better→You may as well do /You are supposed to do want to do→intend to do/desire to do/be eager to do /be crazy about doing.
再如:Suddenly I had a good idea→Suddenly I came up with a good idea/ A good idea came up on me/All of a sudden a good idea occurred to me.
2. 語法方面:善用多樣的句式結(jié)構(gòu)
靈活多樣的句式可以使行文豐富多彩,生動(dòng)自然。感嘆、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、非謂語、復(fù)合句及主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)等語法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確使用,可以使文章語言充滿層次感,從而較好地反映出作者語言運(yùn)用能力。
如:We didn’t realize the importance of environmental protection until the 1980s→Not until the 1980s did we realize the importance of environmental protection. (倒裝)
When we heard the news, we jumped with joy→Hearing the news, we jumped "with joy. (非謂語)
We can borrow five books at most at a time, and we can keep them for ten days→At most fine books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days. (被動(dòng))
3. 邏輯方面:運(yùn)用合理的銜接過渡
一篇好的文章要使其結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),自然流暢,合理的銜接過渡是必不可少的。英語寫作中常見的過渡詞語如下:
⑴表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:also, besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore, what is more, worse still.
⑵表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:but, however, yet, nevertheless, in spite of, while, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand.
⑶表因果關(guān)系:so, therefore ,as a result, since ,due to, thanks to, owing to ,on account of, now that, consequently, thus.
⑷表解釋說明關(guān)系:that is to say ,in other words, such as, for example/for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact.
⑸表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系:as(so)long as, on condition that, suppose, supposing.
⑹表順序關(guān)系:at first, to begin with, in the beginning, later ,next, after that, afterwards, finally, in the end, eventually.
在行文中若能恰到好處的運(yùn)用一些上述銜接過渡的詞語,就會(huì)使文章條理清晰,連貫流暢。
“冰凍三尺,非一日之寒”。英語寫作能力并非是一蹴而就的,這就要求我們教師在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中要由淺入深,由簡及繁,由易到難,循序漸進(jìn),一環(huán)緊扣一環(huán)地進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。不斷激勵(lì)學(xué)生,充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力,使學(xué)生樂寫,善寫。
(作者單位:遼寧省朝陽市第一高級(jí)中學(xué))