院士風采

黃秉維

1913.02.01～2000.12.08

地理學家、綜合自然地理學家。廣東惠陽人。1934年畢業(yè)于中山大學地理系。中國科學院地理研究所研究員、所長、名譽所長。長期致力于中國資源環(huán)境的研究，強調自然地理學的綜合研究。1956年就提出自然地理應探討地表的物理、化學和生物過程，并加以綜合研究。主編的“中國綜合自然區(qū)劃”是首次著眼農林牧水發(fā)展的綜合區(qū)劃，是第一部中國最詳盡而系統(tǒng)的全國自然區(qū)劃專著。60年代在中國率先開展地表熱量、水分平衡研究，推動化學地理研究。70年代倡導農業(yè)自然生產潛力的研究，主持建立了北京農業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)試驗站，并推動了河流地貌、水分平衡試驗等實驗室（場）的建立。80年代以來致力于坡地利用與改良及全球環(huán)境變化的研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Physical geographer. Born in Guangzhou. Graduated from the Department of Geography, Zhongshan University in 1934. Research professor and honorary director, Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Huang has devoted over 60 years to the studies on China’s natural resources and environment with special reference to the development of primary and secondary industries and he highly values physical geography as a discipline linking a wide array of components and factors. Several versions of his work on the physico-geographic regionalization of China endeavor to relate all biophysical factors to agriculture, forestry and water resources and bring forth a regional pattern in agreement with the so-called periodic law of natural zonality. To help physical geographers to plow equally deep and wide,his suggestion to develop investigations on the physical, chemical and biological processes of the earth has resulted since the early 1960s in the establishment and growth of research of heat and water balance,quality of human environment and potential crop productivity in China. As all these are interrelated themes, anything new in one field often provokes thoughts in others. The same is true of the two latest additional themes, sustainable development of sloping lands and global environment change.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

斯行健

1901.03.11～1964.07.19

古植物學家。浙江諸暨人。1926年畢業(yè)于北京大學地質系。1931年獲德國柏林大學哲學博士學位。中國科學院古生物研究所（南京地質古生物研究所前身）研究員、所長。長期從事古植物研究，對古植物的分類和演化、地層劃分對比以及植物地理分布等都有深入系統(tǒng)研究，是我國古植物研究的先行者。主要論著有《中國中生代植物》、《陜北延長層植物群》、《鄂西香溪煤系植物化石》等140余篇。其中《中國古生代植物圖鑒》及《中國標準化石—古生代及及新生代部分》兩書，對我國地質勘探工作有重要指導意義。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Paleobotanist. Born in Zhejiang Province. Graduated from the Department of Geology, Beijing University in 1926. Received Ph.D. from Berlin University, German in 1931. Research professor and director, Institute of Paleontology ( the predecessor of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology), Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Si had long been engaged in research on paleobotany. He made thorough and systematic investigations on the classification and evolution of paleobotany, division and comparison of stratigraphical and paleophytogeographic distribution, and he was a pioneer of paleobotany in China. He published more than 140 publications including major works such as “ Mesozoic Plants from China ” and “ Piant Fossils of Coal Series in Xiangxi, Western Hubei Province, China ”. Some of his monographs, such as “ Paleozoic Plant of China ”, “ Older Mesozoic Plants from the Yenchang Formation, Northern Shensi ” and “ Index fossils of China, Plants ”, gave important guidance to the geologic prospecting of China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

程裕淇

1912.10.07～2002.01.02地質學家。浙江嘉善人。1933年畢業(yè)于清華大

學。1938年獲英國利物浦大學博士學位，1988年獲名譽科學博士學位。中國地質科學院研究員、地質礦產部副部長。早年在蘇格蘭提供了國際間系統(tǒng)研究交代型混合巖的范例，闡明其交代機理；發(fā)現(xiàn)川西丹巴遞進變質帶；發(fā)現(xiàn)昆明富磷礦（1939），是中國尋找沉積磷礦床的突破。長期從事和領導中國鐵礦的研究和勘查以及早前寒武系的研究和總結，指出鐵礦找礦方向；提出鐵礦類型組和鐵礦成礦系列以及所有礦床的成礦系列的概念，促進了成礦學研究。還提出混合巖系列和混合巖化成礦的觀點，進行混合巖化作用的地質背景分類和區(qū)域變質巖石的詳細分類，闡明中國各時代變質巖系、巖帶的特征，從而促進了變質地質學的發(fā)展。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士(學部委員)。

Geologist. Born in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1933. Received Ph. D. and honorary Sc.D.from the University of Liverpool, UK in 1938 and in 1988. Research professor, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

In his early years of scientific career, he studied migmatite in Scotland and clarified its mechanism of metasomatism, providing a classical example for the study in this field. He identified the Danba progressive metamorphic belt in western Sichuan Province. In 1939,he discovered a high-grade phosphorus deposit in Kunyang, Yunnan Province, making a breakthrough in the prospecting of sedimentarytype phosphorus deposits in China. He took paart in and led the study and exploration of iron deposits and the research and generalization of the Early Precambrian System of China for many years. In this period, he not only put forward the concepts of the type groups and minerogenetic metallogenetic series of iron ore deposits, but also proposed some promising prospecting directions. His concept of minerogentic series is also suitable to all other mineral deposits.In addition, he formulated his view of the migmatite series and mineralization due to migmatization classified in detail the geological settings of migmatization and regional metamorphic rocks and characteristics of metamorphic rock series and belts of all geological times in China. His work promoted the study of metallogeny and metamorphism in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

謝家榮

1898.07～1966.08.14

地質學家、礦床學家。上海人。1920年獲美國威斯康星大學碩士學位。地質部礦床地質研究所研究員、副所長。中國地質學會創(chuàng)始人之一。對我國媒巖學、礦相學、區(qū)域地質學、地震學和隕石學等都進行過先驅性的研究，對礦床學造詣尤深。在燃料礦產、各種金屬及非金屬礦產的成礦規(guī)律及找礦方法上都有大量論述。指導發(fā)現(xiàn)淮南八公山煤田、安徽風臺磷礦、福建漳浦鋁土礦、南京棲霞山鉛鋅礦等礦床。對華北、松遼、渤海、塔里木等石油蘊藏所坐的理論預測，有的已得到證實。在我國最早提出地質理論找礦，強調應用研究，倡導使用綜合勘查方法，重視經濟效益。

1955年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Specialist in geology and mineral deposits. Born in Shanghai.Received M.Sc. from Wisconsin University, USA in 1920. Research professor and deputy director, Institute of Mineral Deposits, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, and one of the founders of China Geological Society.

He did pioneering research on coal petrography mineralography,regional geology, seismology and astrolithology, especially on mineral deposits. He did lots of expositions on the laws of mineralizing and seeking mineral deposits including fuels, metals and non-metals. He led the discovery of Bagongshan coal field in Huainan, phosphorus deposits in Fengtai, Anhui Province, and lead-zinc deposits in Qixia Mountain, Nanjing. He predicted theoretically the petroleum deposits in North China, Songliao, Bohai Sea and Talimu, etc., some of which have been proved. He first proposed to prospect mineral deposits by geological theory. He emphasized applied research, initiated synthetic prospecting methods and paid attention to economic benefits.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.