• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Distributed Satellite Cluster Network:a Survey

    2015-04-15 13:26:08DONGFeihong董飛鴻WANGJingchao王敬超YANGJieCAIChunxiao蔡春曉
    關(guān)鍵詞:飛鴻

    DONG Fei-hong(董飛鴻),WANG Jing-chao(王敬超),YANG Jie(楊 杰),CAIChun-xiao(蔡春曉)

    1 College of Communication Engineering,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210007,China

    2 Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100141,China

    Distributed Satellite Cluster Network:a Survey

    DONG Fei-hong(董飛鴻)1,2*,WANG Jing-chao(王敬超)2,YANG Jie(楊 杰)2,CAIChun-xiao(蔡春曉)2

    1 College of Communication Engineering,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210007,China

    2 Institute of China Electronic System Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100141,China

    The ability of the monolithic satellite,satellite orbit (especially GEO),and radio resource are very lim ited,so the development of distributed satellite cluster network(DSCN)receives more and more worldw ide attention.In this paper,DSCN is surveyed and the study status of DSCN architecture design is summarized.The formation flying of spacecrafts,reconfiguration,networking,and app lied research on distributed satellite spacecraft are described in detail.The DSCN w ill provide a great technology innovation for space information network,satellite communications,satellite navigation,deep space exploration,and space remote sensing.In addition,this paper points out future trends of the DSCN development.

    distributed satellite cluster network(DSCN);architecture; formation flying;networking;space information network

    Introduction

    W ith the rapid grow th of satellites in the space,the information exchange technology is more and more complex.The satellites function in“bent pipe”fashion w ill notmeet the requirements,which exchange information ground-based.So the space-based information transport systems are studied in many countries,such as US,UK,and China.The USM inistry of National Defense proposed the global information grid (GIG)[1].To achieve its aim,the transformational satellite communications system(TSAT)was established on 3rd Sep.2002 by authority of the undersecretary of the Air Force.To develop and coordinate implementation of transformational communications architecture(TCA) to maintain America's asymmetric information and decision superiority and address the need of replacing numerous aging legacy systems[2].This architecture w ill provide a constellation of interoperable satellites (hereafter called distributed satellite cluster(DSC)),and objectively improve connectivity and data transfer capability while removing bandw idth constraints for worldw ide.

    Distributed satellite cluster(DSC)consists of numbers of satellites which distribute on the same or adjacent orbit positions.The satellite vehicles cooperate to achieve a particular mission.They are interconnection and intercommunication through inter-satellite links.The DSC can fast reassembly through redundancy when vehicles or inter-satellite links fail.The DSC is also named as payload distributed communication satellite system(DCSS),distributed space system(DSS),and fractionated spacecraft cluster(FSC)in general,despite that they may have somewhat different.DSC is an alternative to the monolithic satellite: divides or“fractionates” a system,distributing the individual sensors,on board processers,and mass storages,etc.There aremany systems such as space based group(SBG),F(xiàn)6(future,fast,flexible,fractionated,freeflying spacecraft),and SkyLAN[35].

    Distributed satellite clusters network (DSCN) is a backbone network in the space which consists of numbers of DSCs in geostationary earth orbit(GEO).The DSCs intercommunicate through inter-DSCs laser links.The links are capable of transm ission rates of 1-10 Gbps.The distance between two DSCs is about 7×104km to achieve worldw ide coverage.The users of the DSCN include deep space spacecrafts,space-based vehicles,air-based aircrafts,groundbased users,and sea-based ships,etc.The service information includes voice,image,video,and remote sensing data,etc.In this paper,we consider that each of the researched system in section 4 is a DSCN[6].

    1 Design of DSCN Architecture

    Different from conventional satellite systems,the DSCN is a novel space vehicle in terms of architecture design.The architecture is a top-level design for DSCN.So much work has been done into DSCN architecture design.There are mainly three aspects:(1)DSCN satellite nodes spatial layout design (namely topology structure design),(2)DSCN satellite nodes data transmission(namely inter-satellite communication),and (3)DSCN satellite nodes payload division.

    1.1 Topology structure design

    The DSCN typical topology structures include line topology,ring topology,star topology,and mesh topology,as shown in Fig.1.These topologies have high regularity.So they always have zero entropy or low entropy[7].For example,the TSAT space segment consists of a constellation of five geostationary satellites and Continental United States(CONUS) ground gateway elements(CGGEs).The five geostationary satellites can be connected in various ways,including a ringor a line(string).Regardless of the physical topology,they can form a fullmesh logical topology.The use of a fullmesh reduces the space forwarding load,and perm its better traffic engineeringmanagement[8].

    The line topology is a simple network topology,which is easy to operate and maintain.Because the satellite in this topology is easy to adjust attitude,and the topology has no central node.The A-train(or the p.m.train)is line topology[9]in Fig.2(a).However,the disadvantage of line topology is that each node only has links w ith its neighbors,which provides an average path length of O(n/3).W ith the development of large scale network,the information w ill be relayed in the whole nodes.This w ill result in low information transm ission efficiency and poor robustness.

    In the ring topology,the data transm its double directions through the network.Every node has two neighbors,one is sender and the other is receiver.One exam ple is that three GEO satellites are connected as ring topology to achieve worldw ide coverage.The ring has better robustness than that of line,because each node is at an equal position in the network.If one node breaks down,the ring can just avoid connecting it and forms new ring network immediately.However,the ring has no central node.It is hard to operate and maintain.Furthermore,w ith the development of network scale,the data will be relayed in a multi-hop way.This w ill result in low information transm ission efficiency and large time delay.The average path length between each vehicle is O(n/4).

    The star topology is a master-slave structure,in which the center satellite plays a role of hub and others surround the hub.Each slave node has a link with the master node,and sends data to the master node.Communication among the slave nodes should be through the center hub.This structure isw idely used in satellite communication because of its high communication efficiency and easy implementation.The defense advanced research project adency(DARPA) system F6 is an example in Fig.2(b).The advantage of star topology is that the average path length between each vehicle is O(2).So the average path length does not increase w ith the enlarging of network scale.The star has high information transm ission efficiency and low time delay.If slave node breaks down,it w ill affect little on network performance.However,when the master node breaks down,the whole network w ill be disintegrated.This is the disadvantage of star topology.Furthermore,the hub satellite traffic load is high,which may lead to a network jam.

    The mesh topology has the best robustness among typical topologies,because each node is at an equal position in the network,and network has no center node.There are somany links among the nodes.If one node breaks down,it w ill affect network performance little.Every node is directly connected,so the information transfers in time.The average path length between each vehicle is O(1).However,the disadvantages ofmesh are obvious.Every node has link w ith each other,when the scale of the network expands the number of links w ill increase rapidly w ith O(n2).This is a big grow th of the demand for inter-satellite links.

    1.2 Inter-subsatellite communication

    The information stream transmission technology willmainly solve the cooperative transmission for every subsatellite in DSCN.The cluster w ill be connected through inter-satellite communication.The main functions of inter-satellite communication are that:(1)the reliable and stabilized intersatellite links are established among hub satellites and client satellites in physical layer;(2)subsatellites are efficient and flexible access in link layer;(3)self-organizing wireless satellite cluster networks and multi-hop information transmission are achieved in network layer;(4)the service-oriented transmission validity is guaranteed in transport layer and application layer[10].The complex space environment,low power and process ability are negative factors for inter-satellite communication.

    1.3 Payload division

    Thepayload division of DSCN satellite can be achieved in three wayswhich are defined as homogeneous,heterogeneous,and hybrid.The first one is the decomposition into identical or functionally similar modules considering the redundancy of a subsystem or decoupling multiple payloads.An example of homogeneous is Iridium satellites communication system because the payloads are decoupled.The second one is the decomposition of a given spacecraft into many dissim ilar subsystems or functional elements.This is called heterogeneous.The functionality of the system is distributed into many distinct and independent infrastructure and payload modules[11].Typically,a cluster is composed of identical satellites.This happens for Technology Satellite 21 Century (Techsat-21),Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment (CanX)-4 -5,Three Corner Satellite(3CSat),and Tiny,Independent,Coordinating Spacecraft(TICS)[12],but it has been also studied on the possibility to have different payloads on the flight platforms,as foreseen for F6 or SBG[1314].The third class called“hybrid”can be also considered as combining homogeneous and heterogeneous.All of these three types are shown in Fig.3.This would also provide a measure of homogeneity w ithin DSC.

    The payload division of DSCN satellite can also be defined as nodes distributed, antennas distributed,processing distributed, storage distributed, etc.For exam ple,the processing distributed DSC is that the clusters share the processors in each vehicle,called distributed pool of processors.The characteristics of these processors are low power,inexpensive,and commercial quality.There are about 10 to 100s of processors in DSC.The DSC has fault tolerance.If several processors fail,we sim ply don't care.Fault tolerance is the gradual loss of system functionality due to one or more failures.This attribute depicts the difference in the response of distributed and monolithic spacecraft to the conditionswhere the system turns out to be not robust.For exam ple,the change in functionality for various stimuli and conditions can be dramatic for monolithic spacecrafts while a well-designed distributed architecture should degrade capability incrementally[15].

    2 Formation Flying of Spacecrafts

    One of themain challenges of DSCN is the precise control technology.The relative position of satellites in cluster formation flying is very important.The separated distance affects cluster collision and sensing performance.

    2.1 Collision avoidance

    One important area of research that must converge to a solution before these satellite clusters are fully operational is that of collision avoidance,both in terms of orbital debris and among the satellites in the cluster itself.Much work has gone into predicting risk from orbital debris on satellites in all orbits.It is clear that some common orbital patterns are becoming less attractive due to the increase in debris from older spacecraft.Recentwork has focused on evaluating the effects that future space constellation concepts w ill have on the orbital debris problem and vice versa.Studies have shown that a single collision w ithin a cluster would not only drastically increase the risk to the other satellitesw ithin the cluster,but also the debris would propagate and potentially render the orbit useless for many years to come.Future space cluster concepts thereforew ill require a highly reliable system of control loops,fault detection,and collision avoidance for full deployment[16].

    The cluster is strung out through tens of kilometers of space;the station keeping tolerances required to avoid collision has been shown to be wellw ithin the state of the art.Onemath can be described as that:each satellite have a capability to derive its own location,using GPS,active ground ranging,or other techniques[14].

    2.2 Autonomous operation

    Because of the vehicle perturbations,the cluster formation will changewith time.Thus,the autonomousoperation technology is needed to adjust and maintain the flying formation at the right moment.Or when themission requirements change,the network can be reconfigured to adapt the new environment.These can also occur when the subsatellite goeswrong or is destroyed.The DSCN autonomous operation technology can adapt at the complex space environment and choose the optimal space formation scheme[17].This is one of the key features of the DSCN.For example,the autonomous operation system may propose amaneuver scheme by optimizing the multi-constraint including influences of the sun,space reflection control,system hardware ability,inter-satellite communication ability,power consume,etc.

    3 Reconfiguration, Self-healing, and Networking

    Self-reconfiguration is the typical feature of DSCN.The self-reconfiguration is established by many inter-satellite communication links which can form a network dynam ic selfhealing mechanism.When parts of the nodes go w rong,the information processing and transmission ability w ill not totally lose.In fact,it justslightly decreasesbecause of on board quick self-healmechanism.W ith the new sub nodes joining in the network,the information processing and transm itting ability w ill be rapidly recovered and enhanced.

    The reconfiguration and self-healing mechanismare shown in Fig.4.The link control and neighbor node discover protocol can adjust the transmitted power and antenna direction.Thisw ill bring about a hop-by-hop connection recovery in the perspective of link reestablishing.Another perspective is the sub-satellite controlmechanism,which w illmove the subsatellite vehicle to a right orbit to recover the network when the inter-subsatellite link does not work.The third perspective is regionalization and reconfiguration.The recovery region topology optimizing strategy will be studied.This is always a multi-objective optimization problem(MOP).The combination of these three views above can finally achieve the aim of self-reconfiguration self-healing.

    The vehicles inter DSCN can be connected through Ethernet and every device/subsystem talks TCP/IP protocol.The paper studies also show that vehicles inter DSCs can use 2.4GHz WiFiand 802.11 s protocol[18].

    However,in our opinion vehicles in DSC are connected through inter-satellite laser links,whose transm ission rates are 1 to 10Gbps[19].The distance between each vehicle varies from 1 to 100 km.In the case of formation flying,the satellites need to be controlled precisely to keep a specific configuration.However cluster flying does not require a strict relative position control as long as collision avoidance is ensured.

    4 Application Research

    There aremany distributed satellite cluster networks,such as SBG,and SkyLAN in GEO;The am.Train,The pm.train,F(xiàn)6, Techsat-21[20], and Space Technology-3 in LEO; Magnetosheric Multiscale[21],Simbol-X in HEO;and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory[22],Laser Interferometric Space Antenna[23]in heliocentric orbit.The research fields include satellite communication,satellite navigation,astroobservation,meteorologic,hydrographic,etc.In this section,we w ill just introduce the three of them because of the length limitation.

    4.1 SBG

    SBG is a new architecture for space systems in which a single system is implemented by a group of spacecraft.SBG also implies a radically new approach to theway we acquire and think aboutspace assets[3].SBG is proposed by Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University and The U.S.National Security Space Office in 2007.The idea of the project is to divide the system function into many subsatellites.The fundamental functions are mainly concentrated on hub satellite (or service satellite).So there are three kinds of satellites:hub satellite,mission spacecraft,and group support satellites in the view of satellite function.The SBG architecture is shown in Fig.5.The designed architecture mainly has the characteristics as follows.Firstly,each subsatellite just achieves onem ission.Secondly,multiple router satellites w ill be used to achieve worldw ide coverage.Thirdly,the orbitalmaneuver and cluster reconfiguration are the key technologies.The use of DSC w ill lead to single subsatellite low complexity and R&D costs.The new technique can be applied in the SBG quickly.This is also a responsive space system.

    4.2 F6

    The F6 program has three parts:the F6 developer's kit (FDK),the F6 tech package(F6TP),and the on-orbit demonstration testbed.All the modules are united by information exchange.The FDK consists of standard interfaces.The F6TP consists of modular hardware applicable to a w ide range of spacecrafts.The on-orbit demo testbed pertains to affordable satellite buses.The F6 architecture is shown in Fig.6.The F6 system program architecture is applied to reducing the new space threats,and establishing future-oriented flexible effective spacecraft system structures.The monolithic spacecraft is fractionated into many composable modules.The w ireless energy transmission,w ireless data transmission,and on board reconfiguration w ill be used.The fractionated modules can be rapidly made and independently launched.Themodules w ill make up a full function virtual spacecraft system.This system has ability of function redefinition on board scalability and maintainability.

    4.3 SkyLAN

    SkyLAN is a cluster of geostationary satellites for broadband communications.The project proposes a space local area network system which distributes several small satellites in GEO.The small satellites are connected through inter-satellite links.This project aims to provide mobile satellite service (MSS),fixed satellite service(FSS),and broadcasting satellite service(BSS).

    5 Conlusions

    In this paper,an overview of DSCN is given in the view of mainly current research directions.These include architecture design,satellite cluster formation flying,reconfiguration,selfhealing mechanism,networking,and application research.The SBG,F(xiàn)6,and SkyLAN are introduced as the main content of section 4.In fact,the DSCN has been applied in many fields,such as satellite communication,satellite navigation,astroobservation,meteorologic,and hydrographic.The orbits include GEO,HEO,LEO,and heliocentric orbit.The DSCN w ill play a big role in the space information network.

    Acknow ledgment

    We thank Dr.Zhang Gengxin,professor of Institute of Communication Engineering,PLA University of Science and Technology for his beneficial suggestions and prom ising instruction on satellite network performance analysis.We are also grateful to Dr.Li M in for generously sharing information about distributed satellite cluster.Finally,we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments.

    [1]Ertekin E,Christou C A.Internet Protocol Header Compression,Robust Header Compression,and Their Applicability in the Global Information Grid[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2004,42(11):106-116.

    [2]Fritz D A, Doshi B T,Oak A C.M ilitary Satellite Communications:Space-Based Communications for the Global Information Grid[J].Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest,2006,27(1):32-40.

    [3]Collopy P,Sundberg E.Creating Value with Space Based Group Architecture[C].American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics(AIAA)Space 2010 Conference& Exposition,California,USA,2010:5-12.

    [4]Owen B,Paul E,Paul C.Value-Centric Design Methodologies for Fractionated Spacecraft:Progress Summary from Phase Iof the DARPA System F6 Program [C].American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics(AIAA)Space 2009 Conference&Exposition,Anaheim,CA,USA,2009:117-122.

    [5]Gayrard J D,Zein-Alabedeen T,Cotellessa A.SkyLAN:a Cluster of Geostationary Satellites for Broadband Communications[C].The 22nd American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics(AIAA) International Communications Satellite Systems Conference&Exhibit,Monterey,CA,USA,2004:1-7.

    [6]Dong F H,LüJ,Gong X W,et al.Optim ization Design of Structure Invulnerability in Space Information Network[J].Journal on Communications,2014,35(10):50-58.(in Chinese)

    [7]Ted G L.Network Science Theory and Applications[M].Washington DC:John W iley&Sons,2011.

    [8]Pulliam J,Zambre Y,Karmarkar A.TSAT Network Architecture[C].IEEE M ilitary Communications Conference,Piscataway,USA,2008:1-7.

    [9]Stephens G L,Vane D G,Boain R J.The CloudSatm ission and the A-Train[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2002,83(12):1171-1190.

    [10]Gou L,Wei Y J,Shen Z,et al.Research on Fractionated Spacecraft[J].Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology,2012,31(2):7-12.

    [11]Burak Y.A fractionatedSpacecraft Architecture for Earth Observation M issions[D].Tokyo,Japan:University of Tokyo,2011.

    [12]Maria D G.Overview of Distributed M issions[J].Distributed Space Missions for Earth System Monitoring,2013,31(2):375-386.

    [13]Brown O,Eremenko P.Fractionated Space Architectures:a Vision for Responsive Space[J].Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Arlington,2006,22(8):1-13.

    [14]Gregory A O,Buruce F Z,John D C.Clustered Architecture for Responsive Space[C].American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics(AAIA) Reinventing Space Conference,Los Angeles,USA,2007:1-14.

    [15]Erenkrantz J,Gorlick M,Suryanarayana G,et al.From Representations to Computations: the Evolution of Web Architectures[C].Proceedingsof ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering,Dubrovnik,Croatia,2007: 255-264.

    [16]Mark E C.CollisionMonitoring w ithin Satellite Cluster[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2005,13 (1):42-55.

    [17]Zhang J.Research on Autonomous Formation Reconfiguration Techniques for Distributed Satellite System[D].Changsha: National Defense Science and Technology University,2006.(in Chinese)

    [18]M ichel T,Bishal T,Steve T.802.11 s Based Multi-radio Multichannel Mesh Networking for Fractionated Spacecraft[C].IEEE Aerospace Conference,Montana,USA,2013:1-8.

    [19]Guy B,Thomas D,Edgar F.OPTEL Fam ily of Optical Term inals for Space Based and Airborne Platform Communications links[J].Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks II.Proc.SPIE,2005,59(86):1-10.

    [20]Burns R,M cLaughlin C A,Leitner J.TechSat 21:Formation Design,Control, and Simulation[C].IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings,Casasanta,USA,2000:19-25.

    [21]Curtis SA,Petruzzo C,Clark P E.The Magnetospheric Multiscale M ission:an Electronically Tethered Constellation of Four Spacecraft[C].The 3rd International Workshop on Satellite Constellations and Formation Flying,Pisa,Italy,2003:24-26.

    [22]Wood B E,Howard R A,Plunkett S P.Comprehensive Observations of a Solar M inimum Coronal Mass Ejection w ith the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory[J].The Astrophysical Journal,2009,694(2):707-713.

    [23]Dotti M,ColpiM,Haardt F.Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Double Black Holes:Dynam ics in Gaseous Nuclear Discs[J].Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,2006,367 (1):103-112.

    TN927 Document code:A

    1672-5220(2015)02-0332-05

    date:2014-10-10

    s:National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.61032004,91338201,and 61231011);National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA121605)

    * Correspondence should be addressed to DONG Fei-hong,Email:dfh_sinlab@163.com

    猜你喜歡
    飛鴻
    初秋
    林春姣
    蘆花
    減字木蘭花·乙亥清秋
    使 命
    鷓鴣天
    巴航工業(yè)飛鴻300連續(xù)8年蟬聯(lián)全球輕型公務(wù)機(jī)交付量冠軍
    潮州手拉壺“飛鴻”的象征意義
    安徽桐城六尺巷
    中醫(yī)藥堂傳奇 第三十一回 佛山武醫(yī)當(dāng)推飛鴻 陳毅腿傷喜得良藥
    在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 波多野结衣高清作品| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| 成人永久免费在线观看视频| 最新美女视频免费是黄的| 国产69精品久久久久777片 | 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 国产1区2区3区精品| 中文在线观看免费www的网站 | 白带黄色成豆腐渣| 久久久久久久久中文| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 91国产中文字幕| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 国内揄拍国产精品人妻在线| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 男女那种视频在线观看| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 88av欧美| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆 | 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡| 麻豆一二三区av精品| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 一进一出抽搐动态| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 一个人免费在线观看电影 | 免费看a级黄色片| 黄色成人免费大全| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 91大片在线观看| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 午夜福利视频1000在线观看| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆 | 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 精品福利观看| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 级片在线观看| 久久伊人香网站| 成熟少妇高潮喷水视频| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 日本一二三区视频观看| 亚洲av熟女| 亚洲狠狠婷婷综合久久图片| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 香蕉丝袜av| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 91av网站免费观看| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 亚洲九九香蕉| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 国产高清有码在线观看视频 | bbb黄色大片| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 成人手机av| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 成人午夜高清在线视频| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 大型av网站在线播放| 日本a在线网址| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 色播亚洲综合网| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 毛片女人毛片| 女警被强在线播放| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 91国产中文字幕| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| av福利片在线| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频 | 国产免费男女视频| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3| 久久热在线av| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 午夜日韩欧美国产| netflix在线观看网站| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 亚洲av成人精品一区久久| 高清在线国产一区| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 校园春色视频在线观看| 校园春色视频在线观看| 亚洲人成网站高清观看| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 国产1区2区3区精品| 91大片在线观看| 国产精品永久免费网站| 免费在线观看日本一区| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 国产精品久久久久久久电影 | 色播亚洲综合网| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | av视频在线观看入口| 舔av片在线| 亚洲九九香蕉| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 欧美成人性av电影在线观看| 日韩高清综合在线| 精品无人区乱码1区二区| 亚洲第一电影网av| 91大片在线观看| 1024视频免费在线观看| 1024视频免费在线观看| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| www国产在线视频色| 一区福利在线观看| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免费看| 久久99热这里只有精品18| 国产精品,欧美在线| 黄色视频不卡| 久久久久久国产a免费观看| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 久久久久国内视频| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 不卡av一区二区三区| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 欧美日韩瑟瑟在线播放| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 婷婷精品国产亚洲av在线| 亚洲片人在线观看| 最好的美女福利视频网| 色在线成人网| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久| 亚洲熟女毛片儿| 日本五十路高清| 色噜噜av男人的天堂激情| 国产精品av视频在线免费观看| 琪琪午夜伦伦电影理论片6080| 亚洲九九香蕉| www.www免费av| xxxwww97欧美| 欧美国产日韩亚洲一区| 久久久精品大字幕| 国产熟女xx| 久热爱精品视频在线9| 国产爱豆传媒在线观看 | 国模一区二区三区四区视频 | 欧美色视频一区免费| 女警被强在线播放| svipshipincom国产片| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 中文字幕精品亚洲无线码一区| 国产区一区二久久| 日本三级黄在线观看| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 国产精品国产高清国产av| 小说图片视频综合网站| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 十八禁网站免费在线| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 国产片内射在线| 国产熟女xx| 最好的美女福利视频网| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 欧美色视频一区免费| 窝窝影院91人妻| 嫩草影视91久久| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 校园春色视频在线观看| 成人欧美大片| 精品国产亚洲在线| 国产高清激情床上av| 久久久久久大精品| 久久九九热精品免费| 久久久国产成人免费| 成年免费大片在线观看| 观看免费一级毛片| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 亚洲乱码一区二区免费版| 美女黄网站色视频| 久久中文字幕一级| 桃红色精品国产亚洲av| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 国产在线精品亚洲第一网站| 一二三四在线观看免费中文在| 亚洲美女黄片视频| 国产一区二区在线av高清观看| 成人午夜高清在线视频| 亚洲欧美精品综合久久99| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 精品国产亚洲在线| 丰满的人妻完整版| 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 免费观看精品视频网站| 亚洲人成网站在线播放欧美日韩| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 免费观看精品视频网站| 人人妻,人人澡人人爽秒播| or卡值多少钱| 18禁美女被吸乳视频| 久久亚洲真实| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆 | 久久九九热精品免费| 丰满人妻熟妇乱又伦精品不卡| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影| 亚洲乱码一区二区免费版| 国产精品爽爽va在线观看网站| 久9热在线精品视频| 中文在线观看免费www的网站 | 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 精品欧美国产一区二区三| 国产高清videossex| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 一本精品99久久精品77| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 亚洲免费av在线视频| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 少妇熟女aⅴ在线视频| 日韩欧美精品v在线| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 无人区码免费观看不卡| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 18禁观看日本| 亚洲国产欧美人成| 最近在线观看免费完整版| 国产探花在线观看一区二区| 亚洲成人久久性| videosex国产| 国产麻豆成人av免费视频| 久久久久久久久中文| 2021天堂中文幕一二区在线观| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 性欧美人与动物交配| 亚洲欧美日韩东京热| 亚洲欧美日韩无卡精品| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 美女 人体艺术 gogo| 亚洲国产欧美网| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 国产亚洲欧美98| 亚洲va日本ⅴa欧美va伊人久久| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 一级毛片高清免费大全| 亚洲全国av大片| 舔av片在线| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 国产伦一二天堂av在线观看| 亚洲自拍偷在线| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 精品少妇一区二区三区视频日本电影| 一a级毛片在线观看| 最近最新中文字幕大全免费视频| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 国产精品久久久久久久电影 | 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 免费人成视频x8x8入口观看| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 亚洲国产精品sss在线观看| 一夜夜www| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看 | 日韩av在线大香蕉| 国产v大片淫在线免费观看| 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 色在线成人网| 亚洲av第一区精品v没综合| 成人18禁在线播放| 国产99白浆流出| 床上黄色一级片| 中出人妻视频一区二区| 午夜激情av网站| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 国产成人aa在线观看| 亚洲最大成人中文| 一进一出好大好爽视频| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 国产精品电影一区二区三区| 久久久久久人人人人人| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 妹子高潮喷水视频| a级毛片a级免费在线| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 亚洲欧美日韩东京热| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 在线观看一区二区三区| av视频在线观看入口| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 精品国产亚洲在线| 欧美性猛交黑人性爽| 日韩欧美在线二视频| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区| or卡值多少钱| 高清在线国产一区| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 91av网站免费观看| 亚洲第一电影网av| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 国内毛片毛片毛片毛片毛片| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 久久久久久大精品| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 熟女电影av网| 欧美一区二区国产精品久久精品 | 中文字幕av在线有码专区| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 久久久久国内视频| 欧美最黄视频在线播放免费| 午夜福利在线在线| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 亚洲国产看品久久| 操出白浆在线播放| 成年版毛片免费区| 丰满人妻一区二区三区视频av | 日韩免费av在线播放| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区| 日本一本二区三区精品| 国产av在哪里看| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 亚洲成人精品中文字幕电影| 午夜免费激情av| 在线观看舔阴道视频| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 国产成人av教育| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 亚洲av成人av| www国产在线视频色| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 天天添夜夜摸| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 又粗又爽又猛毛片免费看| 男女视频在线观看网站免费 | 一a级毛片在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩高清专用| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产精品国产高清国产av| www.999成人在线观看| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 午夜免费观看网址| 很黄的视频免费| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 国产精品av视频在线免费观看| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 最新美女视频免费是黄的| av中文乱码字幕在线| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 波多野结衣巨乳人妻| 丰满的人妻完整版| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 大型av网站在线播放| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 国产一区在线观看成人免费| 在线观看午夜福利视频| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 午夜免费激情av| 国产熟女xx| 国产成年人精品一区二区| 亚洲免费av在线视频| 不卡一级毛片| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 九色国产91popny在线| www日本黄色视频网| 在线观看日韩欧美| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看 | 日本成人三级电影网站| 国产午夜精品久久久久久| 法律面前人人平等表现在哪些方面| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 午夜亚洲福利在线播放| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 午夜福利欧美成人| 男插女下体视频免费在线播放| 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| 中文在线观看免费www的网站 | 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 亚洲成av人片免费观看| 激情在线观看视频在线高清| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 日韩大尺度精品在线看网址| 99re在线观看精品视频| 久久久久性生活片| 日本黄大片高清| а√天堂www在线а√下载| 91大片在线观看| 国产精品综合久久久久久久免费| 日日干狠狠操夜夜爽| 国产又黄又爽又无遮挡在线| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 亚洲18禁久久av| 免费看日本二区| 不卡一级毛片| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 欧美极品一区二区三区四区| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 脱女人内裤的视频| 婷婷六月久久综合丁香| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| av欧美777| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女| 久久久久久大精品| 级片在线观看| 在线观看一区二区三区| 久久香蕉激情| 久久国产精品影院| 日本免费a在线| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 可以在线观看的亚洲视频| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 怎么达到女性高潮| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| 真人一进一出gif抽搐免费| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 精品久久久久久久久久久久久| 一级a爱片免费观看的视频| 非洲黑人性xxxx精品又粗又长| 亚洲中文字幕一区二区三区有码在线看 | 色老头精品视频在线观看| 亚洲精品国产精品久久久不卡| 亚洲第一电影网av| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 在线观看日韩欧美| 久久精品91蜜桃| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 女人爽到高潮嗷嗷叫在线视频| 99热只有精品国产| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 少妇粗大呻吟视频| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看 | 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 一区福利在线观看| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| av天堂在线播放| 三级毛片av免费| 91字幕亚洲| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 看黄色毛片网站| 麻豆国产97在线/欧美 | 精品国产亚洲在线| 又大又爽又粗| 午夜激情av网站| 一夜夜www| 天天一区二区日本电影三级| 一夜夜www| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| 欧美一区二区国产精品久久精品 | 亚洲 国产 在线| 亚洲欧美日韩高清专用| 动漫黄色视频在线观看| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 在线观看66精品国产| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 女人爽到高潮嗷嗷叫在线视频| 久久久精品欧美日韩精品| 99国产精品99久久久久| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| svipshipincom国产片| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产| 亚洲男人的天堂狠狠| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 成人av在线播放网站| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| www.www免费av| 精品不卡国产一区二区三区| 色播亚洲综合网| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 岛国在线免费视频观看| 国产午夜精品论理片| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看 | 欧美乱色亚洲激情| 黄频高清免费视频| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看| 一夜夜www| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 香蕉丝袜av| netflix在线观看网站| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 日日夜夜操网爽| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 久久香蕉国产精品| 人人妻人人看人人澡| 91成年电影在线观看| 91九色精品人成在线观看| av在线天堂中文字幕| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 岛国在线免费视频观看| 国产黄片美女视频| 日韩大码丰满熟妇| 欧美三级亚洲精品| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 亚洲成人久久性| 精品无人区乱码1区二区| 欧美又色又爽又黄视频| 欧美色欧美亚洲另类二区| 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 亚洲片人在线观看| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| 美女黄网站色视频| 两个人看的免费小视频| 久久精品影院6| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 一个人观看的视频www高清免费观看 | 午夜福利在线观看吧| 一区二区三区激情视频| 久久久国产成人免费| 嫩草影视91久久| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| av欧美777| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻 | 一区二区三区高清视频在线| x7x7x7水蜜桃| 久久久久亚洲av毛片大全| 国产69精品久久久久777片 | 国产成人系列免费观看| 欧洲精品卡2卡3卡4卡5卡区| 黄片小视频在线播放| 两个人看的免费小视频| 国产三级黄色录像| 搞女人的毛片| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 亚洲成人免费电影在线观看|