徐吉周爭(zhēng)李吉平
·實(shí)驗(yàn)研究·
siRNA干擾NF-E2相關(guān)因子2對(duì)喉鱗狀細(xì)胞癌化療敏感性的影響*
徐吉1周爭(zhēng)1李吉平1
目的 探討小片段干擾RNA(siRNA)干擾NF-E2相關(guān)因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)對(duì)人喉癌Hep2細(xì)胞化療敏感性的影響及凋亡的差異。方法 體外培養(yǎng)人喉癌細(xì)胞系Hep2,設(shè)立實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,實(shí)驗(yàn)組(Hep2/siRNA組)采用脂質(zhì)體轉(zhuǎn)染法,轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA至Hep2細(xì)胞系,對(duì)照組(Hep2/siRNA-control組)轉(zhuǎn)染空質(zhì)粒siRNA-control。經(jīng)Western Blot驗(yàn)證其轉(zhuǎn)染效果后,采用CCK-8法檢測(cè)計(jì)算Hep2/siRNA與Hep2/siRNA-control經(jīng)不同濃度梯度順鉑(分別為1、2、4、8、16μg/ml)處理后的細(xì)胞增殖抑制率及IC50值。通過(guò)凋亡試劑盒分別染色Hep2/siRNA與Hep2/siRNA-control細(xì)胞系,采用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)兩組細(xì)胞的凋亡率。結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)組的Nrf2蛋白表達(dá)比對(duì)照組發(fā)生下調(diào),經(jīng)不同濃度梯度順鉑處理24 h后,Hep2/siRNA細(xì)胞系增殖抑制率相對(duì)Hep2/siRNA-control逐漸升高,順鉑濃度為4μg/ml時(shí),對(duì)照組細(xì)胞增殖率為35.55%±6.14%,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組細(xì)胞增殖率為46.07%±5.21%,IC50值下調(diào),細(xì)胞凋亡率由17.1%(對(duì)照組)升高至26.6%(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)。結(jié)論 siRNA干擾Nrf2基因可增強(qiáng)Hep2細(xì)胞系對(duì)順鉑的敏感性。
喉癌; NF-E2相關(guān)因子2; 小片段干擾RNA; 化療敏感性; 順鉑
喉癌是耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科常見(jiàn)惡性腫瘤之一,其致病機(jī)理尚不明確。多數(shù)研究提示,喉癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展與吸煙關(guān)系密切[1],喉癌患者中吸煙者占95%,且吸煙量和時(shí)間與喉癌發(fā)病呈正相關(guān),而氧化應(yīng)激與吸煙關(guān)系密切[2,3],被認(rèn)為是腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要因素。近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),吸煙可影響化療藥物療效,減弱腫瘤化療效果[4]。NF-E2相關(guān)因子2(NF-E2-related factor 2,Nrf2)作為重要轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,其介導(dǎo)的Nrf2-ARE通路是最重要的抗氧化信號(hào)通路之一,處于氧化應(yīng)激的中心地位[5],最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其組成性表達(dá)增高可促進(jìn)腫瘤發(fā)生與腫瘤耐藥[6,7]。本研究擬通過(guò)觀察小片段干擾RNA(siRNA)干擾抑制人喉癌細(xì)胞Hep2細(xì)胞系中Nrf2基因的表達(dá),探討其對(duì)化療藥物順鉑(CDDP)治療喉癌的敏感性的影響。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料 細(xì)胞系:人喉癌上皮Hep2細(xì)胞株;主要試劑:胎牛血清FBS;RMPI1640培養(yǎng)基,opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Hyclone公司;培養(yǎng)瓶、多細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板購(gòu)自美國(guó)Corning公司;Western電泳儀購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen公司;lipo2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑、胰蛋白酶購(gòu)自Invitrogen,Annexin V-FITC/PI細(xì)胞凋亡試劑購(gòu)自凱基公司,質(zhì)粒siRNA、Hep/siRNA-control購(gòu)自廣州瑞博生物公司,順鉑購(gòu)自上海仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院藥劑科。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 人喉癌細(xì)胞系Hep2用RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基(含10%胎牛血清)在37℃、95%空氣飽和濕度、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng),并適時(shí)傳代。
1.2.1 細(xì)胞質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染 Hep2細(xì)胞接種于6孔板培養(yǎng),每孔105個(gè)細(xì)胞,融合度70%~80%,制備下述溶液,溶液A:10μl siRNA質(zhì)粒溶于250μl雙無(wú)opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基;溶液B:5μl Lipofectamine 2000溶于250μl雙無(wú)opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基中,靜置5 min;溶液C:混勻溶液A和溶液B,室溫孵育15 min,將溶液C滴入六孔板中;4 h后更換常規(guī)培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)(實(shí)驗(yàn)組)。同法轉(zhuǎn)染空質(zhì)粒siRNA-control作為對(duì)照組(即Hep2/siRNA-control組)。Hep2組不作任何處理。
1.2.3 Western Blot檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染效果 ①提取Hep2、Hep2/siRNA兩種細(xì)胞于EP管,加入0.5 ml裂解液并吹打,裂解30 min后離心機(jī)12 000轉(zhuǎn)離心10 min,吸取上清液備用;②制備分離膠與濃縮膠,取等量樣品蛋白加入1倍體積的2×SDS上樣緩沖液,沸水浴5 min;③每個(gè)樣品孔加入40μg處理好樣品,電泳濃縮膠40 V、30 min,分離膠110 V、70 min至溴酚藍(lán)抵達(dá)凝膠底邊;④將備好的轉(zhuǎn)移用海綿、濾紙、PAGE膠、PVDF膜按三明治結(jié)構(gòu)放入電泳槽,加入足量轉(zhuǎn)膜緩沖液,加蓋轉(zhuǎn)印90 min;⑤轉(zhuǎn)膜后用TBST洗PVDF膜,加入脫脂奶粉封閉1 h再次洗膜;⑥加入一抗,室溫孵育1 h后搖床上搖動(dòng),并再次TBST洗膜3次;⑦加入二抗雜交,同上一步孵育搖動(dòng)并洗膜;⑧取膜加入發(fā)光試劑ECL在暗室膠片曝光顯影,并予凝膠成像系統(tǒng)采集圖像,掃描制片。
1.2.4 CCK-8法檢測(cè)順鉑對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)染后Hep2細(xì)胞系增殖抑制的影響 順鉑的使用濃度結(jié)合血漿峰濃度(peak plasma concentration,PPC)及預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,采用4.0μg/ml。具體步驟為:收集對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)周期的Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control細(xì)胞,按每孔3×103細(xì)胞密度、每孔100μl種于96孔板;培養(yǎng)24 h后向培養(yǎng)板加入系列稀釋的順鉑(終濃度分別為1μg/ml、2μg/ml、4μg/ml、8μg/ml、16μg/ml),在培養(yǎng)箱中孵育24 h;每孔加入10 μl CCK-8試劑,孵育2 h,酶標(biāo)儀在480 nm處測(cè)定其吸光值,計(jì)算細(xì)胞增殖抑制率及半抑制濃度(50%inhibitory concentration,IC50)。細(xì)胞增殖抑制率(%)=(1-實(shí)驗(yàn)組OD值/陰性對(duì)照組OD值)× 100%。運(yùn)用Graphpad Prism 5.0軟件計(jì)算IC50值。
1.2.5 細(xì)胞凋亡分析檢測(cè) 采用熒光顯微鏡與流式細(xì)胞儀分別檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡,步驟如下:PBS漂洗、胰酶消化后收集(1~5)×105細(xì)胞;加入500μl的Binding Buffer懸浮細(xì)胞,加入5μl Annexin VFITC混勻后,加入5μl Propidium Iodide,混勻,室溫、避光、反應(yīng)5~15 min;上述細(xì)胞懸液滴于蓋玻片上,給予DAPI染色,均勻覆蓋于熒光顯微鏡觀察并照片;打開(kāi)校正流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)Ex=488 nm,發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)Em=530 nm。調(diào)節(jié)Annexin V -FITC的綠色熒光通過(guò)FITC通道(FL1)檢測(cè);PI紅色熒光(流式Ex=488 nm,Em≥630 nm)通過(guò)FL3
通道檢測(cè)。熒光補(bǔ)償調(diào)節(jié):使用經(jīng)凋亡誘導(dǎo)處理的正常細(xì)胞,作為對(duì)照進(jìn)行熒光補(bǔ)償調(diào)節(jié)去除光譜重疊和設(shè)定十字門的位置。四象限中,右下象限表示早期凋亡細(xì)胞,右上象限為晚期凋亡細(xì)胞。通過(guò)流式細(xì)胞儀讀取凋亡率。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 運(yùn)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)算各組抑制率的平均值(%),采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)方差分析不同濃度梯度CDDP作用下,Hep2組、Hep2/siRNA組及Hep2/siRNA-control組細(xì)胞的抑制率。
2.1 Nrf2-siRNA的轉(zhuǎn)染效果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組的Hep2/siRNA蛋白表達(dá)量明顯低于Hep2組(圖1)。
圖1 Nrf2-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染前后Western Blot結(jié)果
2.2 不同濃度梯度CDDP處理Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control三組細(xì)胞24 h后CCK -8檢測(cè)結(jié)果(表1) 由表1可見(jiàn),Hep2組與Hep2/siRNA-control組細(xì)胞抑制率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),Hep2/siRNA組細(xì)胞抑制率高于Hep2、Hep2/siRNA-control組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);隨CDDP藥物濃度增高,各組抑制率也逐漸提高,當(dāng)CDDP濃度為4μg/ml時(shí)Hep2/siRNA的細(xì)胞抑制率明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control三組IC50分別為7.90、5.270、8.107μg/ml。
表1 不同濃度梯度CDDP作用下各組細(xì)胞的抑制率(%,±s)
表1 不同濃度梯度CDDP作用下各組細(xì)胞的抑制率(%,±s)
CDDP濃度Hep2組Hep2/siRNA組Hep2/siRNA-control組1μg/ml 17.24±2.03 22.53±2.60 17.02±2.52 2μg/ml 27.23±2.77 33.51±3.61 26.84±2.70 4μg/ml 35.50±3.02 46.07±5.21 35.55±6.14 8μg/ml 44.53±3.60 56.13±5.35 42.34±5.58 16μg/ml 68.55±2.09 75.00±4.20 69.05±4.00
2.3 CDDP對(duì)Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA -control組細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
2.3.1 熒光顯微鏡觀察 圖2顯示Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control三組細(xì)胞熒光染色后照片,藍(lán)色顯影為4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(即DAPI)染色后固定的細(xì)胞(a、d、g);綠色顯影為Annexin V染色后細(xì)胞,提示早期凋亡(b、e、h);紅色顯影為PI染色后細(xì)胞,提示晚期凋亡(c、f、i)。
圖2 Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control組細(xì)胞凋亡染色熒光照片
2.3.2 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)結(jié)果 CFlow Plus軟件示左上象限Q1為壞死細(xì)胞,左下象限Q3為正常細(xì)胞,右上象限Q2為晚期凋亡與壞死細(xì)胞,右下象限Q4為早期凋亡細(xì)胞(圖3)。以Q2+Q4細(xì)胞占總細(xì)胞數(shù)的百分比計(jì)算細(xì)胞凋亡率。加入CDDP孵育24 h后CDDP藥物濃度為4μg/ml時(shí),Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control三組細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為18.4%、26.6%、17.1%,其中,Hep2/siRNA組較Hep2/siRNA-control組的細(xì)胞凋亡率絕對(duì)值升高9.5%。
圖3 三組細(xì)胞Hep2、Hep2/siRNA、Hep2/siRNA-control給予4μg/ml順鉑24 h后在凋亡試劑盒誘導(dǎo)后流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)四象限圖
隨著腫瘤的發(fā)病率增高,腫瘤耐藥性的研究逐漸受到重視,但因各類抗腫瘤藥物結(jié)構(gòu)各異、機(jī)制不同,耐藥性研究也困難,特別是惡性腫瘤多耐藥性的出現(xiàn),使得耐藥機(jī)制的研究更顯得迫在眉睫[8]。喉癌是耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,化療藥的應(yīng)用在其綜合治療中起著重要的作用,但化療藥物的耐藥性一直以來(lái)是其進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用所面臨的難題[]。
Nrf2是重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,它可以進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核內(nèi)與其下游多個(gè)基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域的抗氧化反應(yīng)元件(antioxidant response element,ARE)結(jié)合,誘導(dǎo)靶基因如血紅素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、NADH-醌氧化還原酶(NQO1)的表達(dá),參與抗氧化反應(yīng)調(diào)控。Nrf2-ARE信號(hào)通路主要受keap1調(diào)控[10],后者為Cullin3依賴的E3泛素酶連接底物,可捕捉Nrf2并迅速使其泛素化,然后轉(zhuǎn)至蛋白酶體降解,從而使Nrf2在未受到刺激時(shí)保持低水平。Kelch樣環(huán)氧氯丙烷相關(guān)蛋白-1(Keap1)上有著敏感的氧分壓變化感受器[11],一旦細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成增多,Keap1分子構(gòu)象適應(yīng)性改變而使Nrf2逃脫,Nrf2則進(jìn)入核內(nèi)調(diào)控下游基因表達(dá),從而發(fā)揮抗氧化作用[12]。
Nrf2在腫瘤發(fā)展中的作用尚不十分明確,Nrf2信號(hào)通路的增強(qiáng)可以激活細(xì)胞防御系統(tǒng),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞在不利環(huán)境下存活,但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Nrf2表達(dá)增高可促進(jìn)癌癥發(fā)生及腫瘤耐藥[7,13,14]。Homma等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)Nrf2可促進(jìn)人肺癌細(xì)胞的增殖及耐藥性;Hayden等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)Nrf2可促進(jìn)膀胱癌對(duì)順鉑耐藥。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,siRNA干擾Nrf2基因后,喉癌Hep2細(xì)胞增殖抑制率較未轉(zhuǎn)染時(shí)升高,同時(shí)其凋亡率也升高。而順鉑是已知的一類經(jīng)典烷化劑抗腫瘤藥物,其抗腫瘤機(jī)制在于誘導(dǎo)caspase-3的細(xì)胞凋亡作用[17,18],干擾Nrf2后細(xì)胞凋亡率升高即促進(jìn)Hep2細(xì)胞對(duì)順鉑的敏感性,提示Nrf2在抗腫瘤作用中起著促進(jìn)耐藥的作用;而這一作用也與Nrf2在肺癌[19,20]、膀胱癌[16]、胰腺癌[6]等其他研究中的作用相一致。
總之,本研究運(yùn)用siRNA技術(shù)敲除Nrf2基因探究其在化療敏感性中的作用,結(jié)果提示Nrf2-ARE通路可能在腫瘤耐藥中起著重要作用,此為干擾技術(shù)在抗惡性腫瘤中的運(yùn)用提供了細(xì)胞水平的實(shí)驗(yàn)支持。但Nrf2-ARE抗氧化通路參與耐藥的具體環(huán)節(jié)仍有待進(jìn)一步研究,其上下游調(diào)控基因、轉(zhuǎn)錄及蛋白表達(dá)、修飾等也需進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)分析。
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(2014-11-11收稿)
(本文編輯 李翠娥)
lnhibition of Nrf2 by siRNA Regulates Chemosensitivity of Laryngeal Cancer to Cisplatin
Xu Ji,Zhou Zheng,Li Jiping
(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Head and Neck Surgery,Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,200127,China)
Objective To determine the inhibitory effect of the synthetic Nrf2 siRNA on the expression of Nrf2 gene in human laryngeal cancer cell lines Hep2 and to investigate the effects of Nrf2 siRNA on chemosensitivity of laryngeal carcinoma to cisplatin by detection growth and apoptosis in Hep2 cells.Methods The recombinant plasmid control siRNA and Nrf2 siRNA were transfected into Hep2 cells,and western blot analysis of Nrf2 expression in Hep2 cells was performed 48 h after transfection.In order to determine whether Nrf2 siRNA can enhance the sensitivity of Hep2 laryngeal cells to cisplatin,we treated Hep2 cells with different concentrations of cisplatin after 24 h,and evaluated these cells for proliferation,and apoptosis.CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay were used for determination of cells proliferation and apoptosis in Hep2 cells.We calculated the inhibition rate and IC50 of the cell after treating with different concentrations of ciplatin.Results The laryngeal carcinoma cell stain Hep2 was transfected by Nrf2 siRNA and control siRNA respectively.The result of western blot showed the Nrf2 expression was significantly impeded at protein levels.CCK-8 assay showed the proliferation of Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA and Hep2/control siRNA was inhibited to 35.55%to 46.07%at 24 h respectively after treating with 4μg/ml cisplatin.The chemosensitivity to cisplatin in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was markly increased compared with Hep2/control siRNA.The IC50 in Hep2/Nrf2 siRNA was 5.27μg/ml contrast to 8.107μg/ml compared in Hep2/control siRNA.The result of flow
Laryngeal cancer; Nrf2; siRNA; Chemosensitivity; CDDP
10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2015.04.012
時(shí)間:2015-6-17 9:56
R739.6
A
1006-7299(2015)04-0381-05
* 上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì)上海自然基金項(xiàng)目(13ZR1425300)
1 上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬仁濟(jì)醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉科(上海 200127)
徐吉:男,江蘇人,碩士研究生,主要研究方向?yàn)楸羌氨窍嚓P(guān)疾病的基礎(chǔ)研究。
李吉平(Email:drlijiping@163.com)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1391.R.20150617.0956.027.html
cytometry analysis showed the apoptosis rate after Nrf2 depletion was increased from 17.1%to 26.6%.Conclusion This study demonstrates that Nrf2 siRNA effectively inhibits Nrf2 gene expression in Hep2 cells leading to growth suppression and induction of apoptosis in Hep2 cells under cisplatin.The use of siRNA technique may provide a novel therapeutic approach to treat laryngeal cancer for enhance chemosensitivity.