歐武英,鐘威達(dá)
(1.海南省??谑腥嗣襻t(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科 570208;2.海南婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,???570105)
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·論 著·
HER-2基因表達(dá)在乳腺原發(fā)癌和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移癌發(fā)病中的作用研究
歐武英1,鐘威達(dá)2
(1.海南省海口市人民醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科 570208;2.海南婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,???570105)
目的 探討使用熒光原位雜交技術(shù)檢測(cè)乳腺原發(fā)癌和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移癌HER-2基因的表達(dá)及意義。方法 選取??谑腥嗣襻t(yī)院2013年1月至2014年1月收治的乳腺原發(fā)癌患者40例作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其臨床資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析。應(yīng)用熒光原位雜交技術(shù)(FISH)與免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)(IHC)對(duì)所有患者手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本的HER-2基因表達(dá)予以檢測(cè)。結(jié)果 FISH陽性率為42.5%,IHC為57.5%;IHC陰性時(shí)與FISH符合率為88.2%,IHC(+)與FISH符合率為37.5%,IHC(++)與FISH符合率為83.3%,IHC(+++)與FISH符合率為100.0%。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為66.67%,未轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為32.14%,對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 IHC對(duì)HER-2基因予以檢測(cè)時(shí)若結(jié)果為陰性或者強(qiáng)陽性則與FISH符合率較高,同時(shí)HER-2基因表達(dá)與腋淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移之間呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
熒光原位雜交技術(shù); 乳腺原發(fā)癌; 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移癌; HER-2基因
乳腺癌為惡性腫瘤,在臨床中常見。近年來隨著人們生活習(xí)慣的改變,乳腺癌發(fā)病率逐漸上升,而臨床卻無法有效控制其病死率[1]。對(duì)于乳腺癌患者而言,轉(zhuǎn)移是導(dǎo)致其病死的主要原因。腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移過程極其復(fù)雜,與生物學(xué)有關(guān),當(dāng)前使用常規(guī)病理學(xué)無法準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估不同患者腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移潛能以及預(yù)后[2]。而經(jīng)大量研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)HER-2基因密切關(guān)聯(lián)于乳腺癌患者的治療方案,例如化療、內(nèi)分泌、Herceptin、預(yù)后等方案的選擇[3]。本文為探討使用熒光原位雜交技術(shù)檢測(cè)乳腺原發(fā)癌和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移癌HER-2基因的表達(dá)及意義,現(xiàn)選取患者40例作為研究對(duì)象,回顧性分析其臨床資料,并報(bào)道如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取??谑腥嗣襻t(yī)院2013年1月至2014年1月收治的乳腺原發(fā)癌患者40例作為研究對(duì)象,收集所有患者的手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本,應(yīng)用熒光原位雜交技術(shù)(FISH)與免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)(IHC)對(duì)所有患者手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本的HER-2基因表達(dá)予以檢測(cè)。40例患者年齡31~79歲,平均(56.3±4.7)歲;38例為浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管癌,浸潤(rùn)性小葉癌與浸潤(rùn)性導(dǎo)管-小葉癌各為1例。使用10%中性福爾馬林對(duì)所有標(biāo)本予以固定,并使用常規(guī)石蠟進(jìn)行包埋處理。
1.2 方法 FISH檢測(cè)法:組織切片每片為2 μm,將其放置于載玻片上,之前已使用L-多聚賴氨酸對(duì)載玻片予以處理,而后放置于65 ℃環(huán)境下烘烤,過夜后按照試劑盒說明書嚴(yán)格規(guī)范試驗(yàn)操作。FISH試劑盒產(chǎn)自北京金菩嘉。IHC檢測(cè)法:組織切片每片為4 μm,將其放置于載玻片上,之前已使用L-多聚賴氨酸對(duì)載玻片予以處理,而后放置于65 ℃環(huán)境下烘烤,時(shí)間持續(xù)1 h,而后按照試劑盒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格規(guī)范操作,該試劑盒產(chǎn)自福州邁新。質(zhì)量控制:載玻片經(jīng)多聚賴氨酸處理后,設(shè)置不同的DNA樣品區(qū),將不同DNA樣品溶液分別加到其上,風(fēng)干后紫外交聯(lián)儀照射,使DNA結(jié)合到玻片上,得到簡(jiǎn)化的染色體片,而后進(jìn)行免疫檢測(cè),通過不同區(qū)域信號(hào)的反應(yīng)得出熒光原位雜交質(zhì)量反饋。采用本監(jiān)控方法,可以快速地鎖定雜交過程中出現(xiàn)問題的中間環(huán)節(jié),并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的糾正,從而快速高效地應(yīng)用FISH技術(shù)。
1.3 結(jié)果判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) FISH:對(duì)30個(gè)細(xì)胞核予以計(jì)數(shù),對(duì)Ratio(細(xì)胞核中紅信號(hào)總數(shù)與率信號(hào)總數(shù)的比值)予以統(tǒng)計(jì),若Ratio在1.8以下則為陰性,說明該樣本中不存在HER-2基因擴(kuò)增現(xiàn)象;若在2.2以上則為陽性,說明該樣本中存在HER-2基因擴(kuò)增現(xiàn)象;若Rati在1.8~2.2,則可計(jì)數(shù)100個(gè)細(xì)胞核,或者再次開展FISH檢測(cè)對(duì)最終結(jié)果予以判斷。IHC:若癌細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)棕褐色則代表為陽性,結(jié)合染色強(qiáng)度對(duì)陽性程度予以劃分,主要有弱陽性(+):10%以上的腫瘤細(xì)胞有不完整且微弱的細(xì)胞膜著色;中度陽性(++):10%以上的腫瘤細(xì)胞有完整且弱或者中度的細(xì)胞膜著色;強(qiáng)陽性(+++):10%以上的腫瘤細(xì)胞有完整且強(qiáng)的細(xì)胞膜著色。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS22.0對(duì)全部數(shù)據(jù)予以統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,對(duì)比以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩種檢測(cè)方法的HER-2基因表達(dá)對(duì)比 FISH檢測(cè)后陽性17例(42.5%),IHC陽性23例(57.5%)。兩者符合率如表1所示。
表1 FISH與IHC檢測(cè)HER-2基因的符合率對(duì)比
2.2 HER-2基因表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與淋巴結(jié)未轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率對(duì)比,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
表2 HER-2基因表達(dá)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系
HER-2基因存在于人體17q21,185×103跨膜糖蛋白為其編碼分子,屬于原癌基因。一般而言HER-2基因不會(huì)誘發(fā)腫瘤,其自身有諸多Tyr(酪氨酸殘基)磷酸化位點(diǎn),在受體分子膜區(qū)亦存在PTK(酪氨酸蛋白激酶)活性[4-5]。當(dāng)生長(zhǎng)因子結(jié)合于HER-1、3或者4后,會(huì)引發(fā)蛋白膜外區(qū)構(gòu)象產(chǎn)生變化,結(jié)合于HER-2生成異二聚體,增加細(xì)胞膜內(nèi)的PTK活性,致使Tyr自身出現(xiàn)磷酸化。存在于HER-2蛋白膜內(nèi)段的磷酸化位點(diǎn)為識(shí)別PTK底物的位點(diǎn),可對(duì)特定信號(hào)蛋白產(chǎn)生作用[6-7]。因此,Tyr是否出現(xiàn)磷酸化對(duì)于下游底物分子的解離與結(jié)合狀態(tài)有決定作用,可對(duì)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)予以調(diào)節(jié)。一旦失控會(huì)持續(xù)開啟增殖信號(hào)途徑,進(jìn)而誘發(fā)腫瘤。HER-2指標(biāo)不僅密切關(guān)聯(lián)于腫瘤發(fā)展,同時(shí)還可作為預(yù)后指標(biāo)[8-10]。
當(dāng)前診斷HER-2基因主要有IHC與FISH法,前者操作簡(jiǎn)易,重復(fù)性好,且成本低,敏感性較強(qiáng),故而使用廣泛,但是會(huì)致使抗原決定簇丟失,且經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化固定后會(huì)改變抗原進(jìn)而降低其敏感性,會(huì)導(dǎo)致檢測(cè)結(jié)果出現(xiàn)假陽性或者假陰性,對(duì)其精確性存在影響[11]。FISH主要是對(duì)DNA予以檢測(cè),具有較高的可重復(fù)性、特異性以及穩(wěn)定性,且不會(huì)受到主觀因素的影響,客觀性較強(qiáng),因此世界衛(wèi)生組織將其作為金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]。
在本研究中,使用IHC與FISH法對(duì)乳腺原發(fā)癌與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移癌HER-2基因表達(dá)予以檢測(cè)后發(fā)現(xiàn)FISH陽性率為42.5%,IHC為57.5%;IHC陰性時(shí)與FISH符合率為88.2%,IHC(+)與FISH符合率為37.5%,IHC(++)與FISH符合率為83.3%,IHC(+++)與FISH符合率為100.0%。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為66.67%,未轉(zhuǎn)移陽性率為32.14%,對(duì)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與宋寶等[13]的研究結(jié)果相近。
綜上所述,IHC對(duì)HER-2基因予以檢測(cè)時(shí)若結(jié)果為陰性或者強(qiáng)陽性則與FISH符合率較高,同時(shí)HER-2基因表達(dá)與腋淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移之間呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系[14-15]。
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Role of HER-2 gene expression in pathogensis of breast primary carcinoma and lymph node metastatic carcinoma
OUWu-ying1,ZHONGWei-da2
(1.DepartmentofClinicalLaboratory,HaikouMunicipalPeople′sHospital,Haikou,Hainan570208,China;2.DepartmentofClinicalLaboratory,HainanObstetricsandGynecologyHospital,Haikou,Hainan570105)
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of HER-2 gene expression in primary breast cancer and lymph node metastatic carcinoma by using fluorescence in situ hybridization technique.Methods 40 cases of primary breast cancer in the Haikou Municipal People′s Hospital from January 2013 to January 2014 were selected as the research subjects and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique and immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques were used to detect the expression of HER-2 gene in operation excision specimens of all patients.Results The positive rate of FISH was 42.5%,which of IHC was 57.5%;in negative IHC,the coincidence rate with FISH was 88.2%,the coincidence rate of IHC (+) with FISH was 37.5%,which of IHC (++) with FISH was 83.3% and which of IHC (+++) with FISH was 100%.The lymph node metastasis positive rate was 66.67%,non-lymph node metastasis positive rate was 32.14%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Detecting HER-2 gene by IHC,if the result is negative or strongly positive,the coincidence rate with FISH is higher,at the same time the HER-2 gene expression is positivele correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis.
fluorescence in situ hybridization; primary breast cancer; lymph node metastasis; HER-2 gene
歐武英,女,碩士,主管檢驗(yàn)技師,主要從事婦產(chǎn)科檢驗(yàn)研究。
10.3969/j.issn.1672-9455.2015.17.039
A
1672-9455(2015)17-2582-02
2015-03-28
2015-04-25)