淺析廣東省自然科學(xué)基金管理存在的問題與對(duì)策

劉 玲

(廣東科學(xué)中心，廣東 廣州, 510006)

淺析廣東省自然科學(xué)基金管理存在的問題與對(duì)策

劉 玲

(廣東科學(xué)中心，廣東 廣州, 510006)

廣東省自然科學(xué)基金自成立以來一直在管理方面不斷探索和完善，但是仍然存在著項(xiàng)目特色不明顯、項(xiàng)目體系設(shè)置銜接不夠和項(xiàng)目管理指導(dǎo)性不足等問題。在廣東創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中，要在項(xiàng)目指南、項(xiàng)目設(shè)置銜接、凸顯地區(qū)特色和完善項(xiàng)目管理辦法等方面進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化，更好地支撐和引領(lǐng)廣東自主創(chuàng)新與青年科技人才的發(fā)展。

自然科學(xué)基金管理; 問題; 對(duì)策

一直以來，作為人才培養(yǎng)“搖籃”及原始創(chuàng)新“源泉”的自然科學(xué)基金為廣東科技人才成長(zhǎng)與創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展起到了強(qiáng)有力地助推作用，特別是經(jīng)過“十一五”與“十二五”前期努力，廣東基礎(chǔ)研究水平已進(jìn)入全國(guó)第一梯隊(duì)，2013年科技部《中國(guó)區(qū)域創(chuàng)新能力報(bào)告》顯示，廣東省的創(chuàng)新能力在各省(市、自治區(qū))綜合排名中連續(xù)6年保持在全國(guó)第二位。[1]

一、概況

廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目依據(jù)《廣東省基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究專項(xiàng)資金(省自然科學(xué)基金)管理辦法》進(jìn)行管理。該管理辦法規(guī)定了廣東省自然科學(xué)基金的資助范圍和目標(biāo)，即廣東省自然科學(xué)基金主要資助廣東省境內(nèi)的高校、研究院所與醫(yī)院等科研機(jī)構(gòu)開展的基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目和優(yōu)秀科研人才培養(yǎng)。

廣東省自然科學(xué)基金設(shè)立自由申請(qǐng)、博士科研啟動(dòng)、重點(diǎn)、重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育、研究團(tuán)隊(duì)、粵東西北創(chuàng)新人才聯(lián)合培養(yǎng)、杰出青年共七個(gè)類別。從類別上看，既有面向初出茅廬的博士科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，也有面向優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家群體的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目；既有鼓勵(lì)自由探索的自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目，也有定向組織開展重大基礎(chǔ)研究問題攻關(guān)的重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育項(xiàng)目。目前，只有重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育項(xiàng)目是定向指南申報(bào)，其他類別項(xiàng)目都是在科學(xué)基金資助范圍大框架內(nèi)，自主選題開展基礎(chǔ)研究。從成立至今，廣東省自然科學(xué)基金就一直受到廣東科研人員熱烈響應(yīng)和積極參與。以2014年為例，申報(bào)項(xiàng)目數(shù)量達(dá)8 012項(xiàng)，涉及數(shù)理、化學(xué)、農(nóng)學(xué)、地球、工材、信息、管理、醫(yī)學(xué)等八個(gè)領(lǐng)域，申報(bào)數(shù)量不僅是廣東各類科研項(xiàng)目之首，而且位居全國(guó)省(市、自治區(qū))地方自然科學(xué)基金之首①。

二、存在的問題

近年來，廣東省自然科學(xué)基金在提高管理水平、服務(wù)基礎(chǔ)研究方面做了大量的工作，尤其是2014年在項(xiàng)目體系方面作了比較大的改革。例如在經(jīng)費(fèi)投入方面，總額度從2010年的5 000萬(wàn)元增加至2014年的2.55億元，如圖1。單項(xiàng)類別的資助強(qiáng)度也有所提高，如自由申請(qǐng)、博士科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的資助金額從原來5萬(wàn)元/項(xiàng)，提高至10萬(wàn)元/項(xiàng)。增設(shè)了重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育、粵東西北聯(lián)合人才培養(yǎng)兩類項(xiàng)目，同時(shí)在自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目類別下設(shè)立科管研究專題，目的是針對(duì)基礎(chǔ)研究自身的規(guī)劃戰(zhàn)略等方面開展研究，不斷加強(qiáng)對(duì)廣東自然科學(xué)基金管理的優(yōu)化和完善。②

圖1 廣東省自然科學(xué)基金經(jīng)費(fèi)投入(2010～2014年)

但是通過對(duì)近年來的申報(bào)和實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)廣東省自然科學(xué)基金的基礎(chǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)不明顯，對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)研究的支撐作用尚未完全發(fā)揮出來。主要還存在四個(gè)方面的問題。

(一)項(xiàng)目申報(bào)指南與目標(biāo)匹配度不高

目前廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目類別共有七種，在申報(bào)指南的條件設(shè)置方面目的性不明顯，缺乏指導(dǎo)和分類的意義。例如自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目的條件，規(guī)定申報(bào)人具有中級(jí)及以上職稱，年齡不超過55周歲都可以自主選題方式申報(bào)。這種寬容的申報(bào)條件使得自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目每年占據(jù)了近50%的申報(bào)量，而且基數(shù)日益增加，從2010年的2 000多項(xiàng)增加至2014年的4 558項(xiàng)[2]，如圖2。從多年申報(bào)情況分析，不少在研國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人或者具有正高職稱的科研人員也擠入自由申請(qǐng)類別項(xiàng)目的申報(bào)隊(duì)伍并獲得資助，這與自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目“鼓勵(lì)青年科學(xué)家開展創(chuàng)新研究”的目標(biāo)是背道而馳的。又比如自由申請(qǐng)類別設(shè)立科研管理研究專題方向，其初衷是從“十三五”戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的高度，在基礎(chǔ)研究全局(全省)的角度開展專題研究，目的性比較明顯，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)申報(bào)人資質(zhì)和條件有一定要求，尤其是前期研究工作的積累，比如需要申報(bào)人主持過相關(guān)的宏觀層面的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃或擁有類似的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是在申報(bào)通知(條件)中并沒有對(duì)于這方面的資歷作出規(guī)定。因此，從該類申報(bào)項(xiàng)目情況來看，申報(bào)的整體水平與預(yù)期距離較大，且研究隊(duì)伍個(gè)體之間水平差異較大，申報(bào)項(xiàng)目的內(nèi)容與申報(bào)指南的目標(biāo)匹配度不高。

圖2 廣東省自然科學(xué)基金自由申請(qǐng)數(shù)量(2010～2014年)

(二)項(xiàng)目體系設(shè)置銜接不夠

作為人才培養(yǎng)體系的內(nèi)容，粵東西北聯(lián)合人才培養(yǎng)、博士科研啟動(dòng)定位為青年科研人員“萌芽”狀態(tài)的培育類小項(xiàng)目，杰出青年定位為為優(yōu)秀青年科研人員“脫穎而出”提供重點(diǎn)支持的項(xiàng)目。但是銜接兩者之間中高端人才項(xiàng)目處于空白地帶，無(wú)法形成一個(gè)完整的優(yōu)秀科技人才培養(yǎng)鏈條。同時(shí)作為“低端”的博士科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目申報(bào)年齡限制在40周歲以下，但是作為“高端”的杰出青年項(xiàng)目申報(bào)年齡限制在35周歲以下，對(duì)于35周歲以上、40周歲以下優(yōu)秀青年研究人員，顯然無(wú)法獲取高層次人才項(xiàng)目支持，因此這種人才鏈條顯然是存在“斷層”的。又比如在項(xiàng)目研究方面，自由申請(qǐng)、重點(diǎn)與重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育項(xiàng)目之間，資助經(jīng)費(fèi)分別是10萬(wàn)元、30萬(wàn)元到100萬(wàn)元。從表面來看，類似形成了一個(gè)低中高的研究資助鏈條,但是從定位異同來看，相同之處在于重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目與重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育項(xiàng)目都是定位于面上項(xiàng)目研究基礎(chǔ)的進(jìn)一步突破，但兩者之間定位和面向研究群體的差異就不是很清晰，沒有形成明顯的梯度。[3]

(三)項(xiàng)目體系特色不明顯

從目前項(xiàng)目種類來看，與國(guó)內(nèi)其他省市地方自然科學(xué)基金大同小異，沒有凸顯“廣東特色”。例如博士科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，與江浙地區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金的青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目相似，但在資助金額和指南方面的導(dǎo)向性還不如江浙省份；而自由申請(qǐng)、杰出青年項(xiàng)目，與江浙地區(qū)自然科學(xué)基金的面上項(xiàng)目、杰出青年項(xiàng)目類似等等。廣東作為自主創(chuàng)新和先試先行的“排頭兵”，擁有毗鄰港澳的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)，基礎(chǔ)研究信息發(fā)達(dá)，特別是近幾年諸多重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施落戶廣東，已產(chǎn)生不少具有國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先甚至國(guó)際影響力巨大的研究成果。例如2012年大亞灣中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)現(xiàn)新的中微子震蕩模式，曾一度在國(guó)際上引起巨大轟動(dòng)；又如2013年開始運(yùn)行的廣州超級(jí)計(jì)算中心，是目前全球運(yùn)算最快的計(jì)算機(jī)中心。這些地理與研究平臺(tái)設(shè)施方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，為廣東開展基礎(chǔ)研究提供了便利的資源和環(huán)境，但是目前都沒有很好地利用和結(jié)合起來，沒能形成具有廣東特色的自然科學(xué)基金類別。

(四)項(xiàng)目管理辦法指導(dǎo)性不足

2014年新制定實(shí)施的《廣東省基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究專項(xiàng)資金(省自然科學(xué)基金)管理辦法》是目前廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目管理主要制度依據(jù)，該管理辦法規(guī)定項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)由財(cái)政部門按照國(guó)庫(kù)集中支付方式進(jìn)行管理，因此財(cái)政部門在每年年底都會(huì)把項(xiàng)目當(dāng)年經(jīng)費(fèi)指標(biāo)收回，到次年再結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下達(dá)，但是對(duì)于再次結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下達(dá)時(shí)間沒有明確規(guī)定，有時(shí)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)長(zhǎng)達(dá)半年，在此期間項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人難以辦理項(xiàng)目研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的正常支付手續(xù)，嚴(yán)重影響了項(xiàng)目的研究計(jì)劃與進(jìn)度，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間也容易造成“變通”執(zhí)行財(cái)務(wù)規(guī)定的想法和做法。

另外，《廣東省基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究專項(xiàng)資金(省自然科學(xué)基金)管理辦法》主要是從財(cái)務(wù)管理的角度作出的關(guān)于經(jīng)費(fèi)管理使用的辦法，規(guī)定了部門職責(zé)、項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)審批、資金管理、監(jiān)督管理與績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)方面的細(xì)則，[4]而對(duì)于項(xiàng)目具體組織實(shí)施方面經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況，如項(xiàng)目前期依托單位注冊(cè)申請(qǐng)、指南發(fā)布、項(xiàng)目組織評(píng)審、資助項(xiàng)目出現(xiàn)人員變更、依托單位變更、計(jì)劃延期、中止終止、結(jié)題驗(yàn)收等問題，沒有在管理辦法中進(jìn)行規(guī)定，均處于“無(wú)據(jù)可依”的狀態(tài)，這使項(xiàng)目的管理處于被動(dòng)局面，也不利于項(xiàng)目研究任務(wù)的順利完成。

三、完善管理對(duì)策探討

2015年是“十二五”總結(jié)之年，亦是“十三五”布局之年，在廣東大力實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的背景下，廣東省自然科學(xué)基金應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮對(duì)推動(dòng)原始創(chuàng)新與優(yōu)秀科技人才成長(zhǎng)的支撐引領(lǐng)作用，明確目標(biāo)、找準(zhǔn)定位，重點(diǎn)突破，堅(jiān)持有所為、有所不為。[5]

(一)進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化申報(bào)指南

將項(xiàng)目定位與申報(bào)要求緊密結(jié)合，如自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目定位為鼓勵(lì)青年科學(xué)家開展創(chuàng)新研究，對(duì)申報(bào)人要求一方面進(jìn)一步降低申報(bào)年齡與職稱，讓更多青年科研人員加入研究隊(duì)伍；另一方面,對(duì)于在研國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目主持人，限制申報(bào)自由申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目。戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃類項(xiàng)目則提高申報(bào)人“門檻”，要求申報(bào)人必須有主持省級(jí)以上部門規(guī)劃經(jīng)歷。在申報(bào)指南明確設(shè)定重點(diǎn)類項(xiàng)目(100萬(wàn)元及以上)項(xiàng)目的預(yù)期目標(biāo)，如以沖刺國(guó)家重大基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目為目標(biāo)的重大基礎(chǔ)研究培育項(xiàng)目，以培養(yǎng)國(guó)家杰出青年科學(xué)基金獲得者為導(dǎo)向的省杰出青年基金項(xiàng)目，以培養(yǎng)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新群體、國(guó)家973為目標(biāo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)等等。[6]

(二)強(qiáng)化項(xiàng)目鏈條緊密性

在人才培養(yǎng)體系方面，建立科技青年人才“層級(jí)式”培養(yǎng)模式，[7]其中博士科研啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目申報(bào)人年齡條件改為30周歲以下，并在自然科學(xué)基金人才項(xiàng)目中增設(shè)“拔尖人才項(xiàng)目”，50萬(wàn)元/項(xiàng)，要求申報(bào)人為32周歲以下、具有博士學(xué)歷并取得一定基礎(chǔ)研究成績(jī)的科研人員，與35周歲以下杰出青年項(xiàng)目，形成一條完整的“階梯式”青年人才成長(zhǎng)鏈條。改革研究項(xiàng)目體系構(gòu)成，將重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目定位為支撐應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究轉(zhuǎn)換為技術(shù)創(chuàng)新研究，資助經(jīng)費(fèi)提高至50萬(wàn)元/項(xiàng)；同時(shí)設(shè)立重大產(chǎn)業(yè)項(xiàng)目，300萬(wàn)元/項(xiàng)，作為專門面向前期基礎(chǔ)研究成果產(chǎn)業(yè)化項(xiàng)目，在自然科學(xué)基金打造“基礎(chǔ)研究——應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究——技術(shù)創(chuàng)新——產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新”的完整鏈條體系。

(三)凸顯區(qū)域特色

在保持原有項(xiàng)目體系基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)廣東毗鄰港澳地區(qū)優(yōu)勢(shì)，設(shè)立“粵港澳重大基礎(chǔ)研究合作項(xiàng)目”，一方面資助粵港澳地區(qū)科學(xué)家在廣東合作開展高水平的基礎(chǔ)研究，另一方面資助在廣東舉辦粵港澳重大基礎(chǔ)研究交流會(huì)議，打造粵港澳頂尖科學(xué)家聯(lián)盟，整合粵港澳基礎(chǔ)研究力量與資源，共同推動(dòng)區(qū)域創(chuàng)新發(fā)展。針對(duì)廣東現(xiàn)有重大科技基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，如大亞灣中微子實(shí)驗(yàn)室、廣州超級(jí)計(jì)算中心、國(guó)家基因(深圳)庫(kù)、東莞散裂中子源等等，立足廣東需求，面向全國(guó)申報(bào)，開展“大科學(xué)研究計(jì)劃”，吸引全國(guó)優(yōu)秀科研力量協(xié)同創(chuàng)新，打造具有廣東特色的“科學(xué)研究中心”。

(四)進(jìn)一步完善項(xiàng)目管理辦法

既要做好經(jīng)費(fèi)規(guī)范管理，也要尊重科學(xué)規(guī)律。在項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)管理方面要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)項(xiàng)目依托單位監(jiān)管職責(zé)，同時(shí)要保障項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人能根據(jù)研究需要及時(shí)辦理經(jīng)費(fèi)的支出結(jié)算，不影響研究工作的開展。根據(jù)廣東當(dāng)前的情況來看，在按照國(guó)庫(kù)集中支付方式進(jìn)行管理模式下，對(duì)于上一年度項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)指標(biāo)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)下達(dá)的時(shí)間應(yīng)在管理辦法中進(jìn)行明確，時(shí)間上應(yīng)該盡量縮短。

另一方面，當(dāng)前《廣東省基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究專項(xiàng)資金(省自然科學(xué)基金)管理辦法》只是經(jīng)費(fèi)的管理辦法，項(xiàng)目實(shí)施其他具體環(huán)節(jié)方面的管理細(xì)則還處于“空白區(qū)”。因此，加強(qiáng)自然科學(xué)基金的管理，首當(dāng)其沖的應(yīng)當(dāng)是制定廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目管理的實(shí)施細(xì)則。特別是一些關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)問題解決，亟待項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)施細(xì)則予以規(guī)定。筆者認(rèn)為廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)施細(xì)則，可以考慮包括七個(gè)部分。

(1)總則。明確省自然科學(xué)基金定位，項(xiàng)目類別，資助原則。

(2)依托單位與申報(bào)人。主要是規(guī)定兩者資格與職責(zé)。

(3)申報(bào)。規(guī)定各類項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)條件與要求。

(4)評(píng)審。規(guī)定項(xiàng)目評(píng)審規(guī)則、流程、公示、下達(dá)與專家意見反饋。

(5)實(shí)施與管理。主要是項(xiàng)目在研究執(zhí)行期內(nèi)相關(guān)事宜處理，如研究人員變動(dòng)、依托單位變更、研究計(jì)劃調(diào)整、中期考核等等。

(6)結(jié)題驗(yàn)收。包括結(jié)題驗(yàn)收程序與要求。

(7)學(xué)術(shù)道德規(guī)范。主要是對(duì)依托單位、申報(bào)人、評(píng)審專家、工作人員等學(xué)術(shù)道德的要求與責(zé)任內(nèi)容。[8]

四、結(jié)語(yǔ)

在廣東大力實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略之際，自然科學(xué)基金對(duì)自主創(chuàng)新的支撐和引領(lǐng)作用將更為明顯。如何進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化管理，為原始創(chuàng)新與優(yōu)秀科技人才培養(yǎng)打造公平公正、科學(xué)合理、激勵(lì)向上的創(chuàng)新環(huán)境，是當(dāng)前廣東自然科學(xué)基金面臨的重要任務(wù)。

注釋

①②見廣東省自然科學(xué)基金管理委員會(huì)辦公室《2014年廣東基礎(chǔ)研究年度報(bào)告》第41—45頁(yè)。

[1]柳卸林，高太山，周江華.中國(guó)區(qū)域創(chuàng)新能力報(bào)告[M].北京：科學(xué)出版社，2014：1—5.

[2]廣東省科技廳.2014年度省級(jí)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目評(píng)審工作正式啟動(dòng)[EB/OL].[2014-09-29].http://www.gdstc.gov.cn/HTML/zwgk/zwyw/1411976772320-4985741061311980880.html.

[3]劉玲,彭向陽(yáng).“十一五”期間廣東省自然科學(xué)基金管理回顧與展望[J]. 廣東科技, 2012(6) ：52—54.

[4]廣東省科技廳.廣東省基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究專項(xiàng)資金管理辦法的通知[EB/OL].[2014-10-22].http://www.gdstc.gov.cn/HTML/zwgk/zcfg/bmgfwj/14139496885816817187750 689429004.html.

[5]張銀玲,彭向陽(yáng). “十二五”后期廣東省自然科學(xué)基金工作創(chuàng)新思考[J]. 廣東科技. 2013(10):13.

[6]羅開平,張人千,王惠文. 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)政策的影響分析[J]. 科學(xué)學(xué)與科學(xué)技術(shù)管理. 2013(11)：5—11.

[7]劉玲,崔潔,張銀玲,等.淺析我國(guó)自然科學(xué)基金青年人才培養(yǎng)制度[J]. 科技管理研究. 2014(19)：116—119.

[8]國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委員會(huì). 2014年度國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目指南[M].北京：科學(xué)出版社，2014：125—143.

(文字編輯:賈俊蘭 責(zé)任校對(duì)：王香麗)

Abstract: More and more attention has been paid to social education of adolescence, and the participation of social work service can offer professional service provider and social worker to adolescent social education. Theories, practices, methods and techniques in the social work field of adolescent social work, family social work, school social work and corrective social work all have important links with and wide application in adolescent social education. The intervention of social work in adolescent social education can promote communitization, professionalism, specialization and socialization of adolescent social education, but it needs the building of social atmosphere, relies on educational organization and promotes adolescent introspection.

Key words: adolescent; social education; social work

Abstract: Parents of autistic children face more pressure compared with those from normal families. Surveys and interviews are taken among autistic children′s parents from low-income families in private-funded rehabilitation agencies, to know more about their psychological pressure and methods to alleviate pressure. The results show that they are under great pressure and have no effective solution. On that basis, group work is designed to help them alleviate pressure. By evaluating the effect of group work, it is found that group work can effectively alleviate the pressure and enable them to find various coping methods. It is suggested that low-income parents of autistic children can alleviate their pressure and improve their coping abilities in the four aspects, namely enriching knowledge and skill reserve, sufficient time to prepare and effective time management, expanding income sources and strengthening social support system.

Key words: group work; autistic children′s parents; pressure; talk

Abstract: Social work is a profession with strong value guidance and practice-oriented. In recent years, government has promoted the building of the integrated family service centre by using purchase service. Social work as a new kind of occupation is emerging in coastal areas of Guangdong Province. Although social work is facing unprecedented development opportunities, as social work practitioners, we need to be fully aware of the four kinds of ethical dilemmas: first, transplantation from the West and complex social system; second, the independence and adherence of professional development; third, the professional value of helping people and help themselves and the reality of scarce resources; fourth, quantitative performance evaluation and lack of human care.

Key words: social work practice; ethical dilemma; integrated family service centre

Abstract: The ITP(Integration of Theory and Practice) circular pattern proposed by Marion Bogo and Elaine Vayda provides a new way to solve the problem of disconnection of theory and practice for social workers. Through the continuous cycle of this process which examines the value system of social workers and their conditions of professional knowledge from the recalling to reflection, coupling, and then to the professional response, the social workers can complete the professional intervention to service targets. The use of ITP circular pattern further enriches the evidence-oriented theory in social work, but the internalization of this mode needs social worker′s personal efforts, professional supports from the supervisors, and system support of professional service agencies.

Key words: ITP circular pattern; social work supervision; evidence-oriented theory

Abstract: The migration of peasant workers in China are mainly employment-based, and some of them take up an occupation in informal economy. The investigation into the scattered human porterage in Chongqing reveals that rurality inherent in peasants is carried over in human porterage, and reflects the close relations between the particularity of this means of livelihood and the qualifications and needs of practitioners, practitioners′ cultural values and customs and the particular means of livelihood, as well as local citizens′ cultural characteristics and practitioners′ cultural characteristics. These findings provide a new angle to the research of market demand and employment space for porterage in Chongqing.

Key words: “bangbang” porter; means of livelihood; informal employment; peasant worker; rurality

Abstract: As a model of postmodern treatment, narrative therapy proposes the re-examining of the story, separating the problem from people. Through the externalization of the questions, it discloses the discursive power behind the story and searches for the omitted episodes to reconstruct the life story. In the “l(fā)ocalization” of the narrative therapy, it offers a possibility for people to achieve self-healing through self narrative to reexamine their life. This paper puts forward the concept of narrative self-healing and analyze its action mode, explores how an individual externalizes problems, searches for omitted fragments, self-talk and deduction through self-awakening, thus achieving the rewriting of one′s life story.

Key words: narrative; reconstruction; self healing

Abstract: Public opinion is a barometer of the state of various social factors, which is also the touchstone to measure the effects of all social decisions. As the pioneer of the reform and opening up policy, Guangdong province has carried on many beneficial explorations in the collection and disposal of social situation and public sentiment. However, compared with the developed countries, there are still a lot of things to be improved. Therefore, we must improve and develop social intelligence and public opinion collection through resource integration, technology platform construction, processing efficiency, momentum and mechanism construction, etc.

Key words: Guangdong province social sentiment and public opinion construction

Abstract: Livable community built for the elderly can improve their quality of life, improve the living environment, and enhance the professional level of community service for the aged. Embedded type of elderly community is one with the biggest advantageous in internal development. It is formed with the policy intervention and mandatory construction requirements by the government in aspects such as land supply, urban planning, project construction, financing. The centralized service management model based on specialization, socialization and marketization of elderly care is implemented in the community. The construction and management mode can not only ensure the optimal economic efficiency of the whole society, but also can ensure the maximization of social utility; therefore it is the practice of social and economic benefits optimization theory.

Key words: embedded mode; livable communities for the elderly; construction; management

Abstract: Township level is the link which connects government and grassroots people, so it has a special status in the governance system construction of our country. The existing rural social management pattern is facing kinds of practical problems, thus how to innovate in the state of good governance becomes the pragmatic choice and important subject of grassroots governance innovation. Good governance provides goal and idea guidance for rural social management innovation, and social work fits the requirements from good governance to rural social management innovation and can provide unique functions of idea optimization, method improvement, risk resolution and talent support. Paths for social work to promote rural social management towards the state of good governance include: developing the response ability of rural social management system to grassroots demand, enhancing the individual and structural quality of rural social management workers, promoting the right protection of vulnerable groups and deep reduction of grassroots social contradiction, improving the coordination and innovation of relationship between different stakeholders within the framework of rural social management.

Key words: good governance; social work; rural social management; innovation in grassroots governance

Abstract: Because of the policy disparity between State expropriation and collective diversion, there is a great gap in the allocation of land value increment in the process of transforming agricultural land to non-agricultural uses. From the perspective of the gap out of the two different ways of land use transfer, this paper analyzes the original intention of the policy from its evolution, and deems that it is not intended to encroach the land value increment of the peasants. The policy of transforming agricultural land to non-agricultural uses, directly or indirectly affects the land value increment of the related land. The disparity in the policies leads to the imbalance in the profit distribution of the land value increment. In the State land expropriation, the coexistence of public interest and business interest makes the local government transform from a management government to operating government; the legal and illegal handling coexist in transforming agricultural land to non-agricultural uses which leads to the chaos in the distribution of land value increments. The upstarts coexist with farmers without land, job or social security in the compensation for land expropriation, making land requisition trapped in a compensation dilemma.

Key words: Peasants Land Policy; State land expropriation; Collective diversion of agricultural land; Land value increment

Abstract: The disabled elderly form a special and complicated social group. Along with the rising of the number of disabled elderly and reduction of the family resources, care for the disabled elderly will be one of the important social problems. In view of their need for care service, intuitional care service can better meet their demands. To build the institutional care service system for the disabled elderly, measures should be taken from the service supply and service security system, so as to provide a diversified service system for the disabled elderly, with the joint help from the government, institution, family and society.

Key words: institutional care service; disabled elderly; service system

A Study on Industrial Technology Innovation Strategy Alliances Based on the Comparison of China with USA and Japan

Abstract: The industrial technology innovation strategic alliances, which started late in our country, mostly refers to the experience of Japan and the United States. Japan′s experience suggests that government can achieve establishment and development of alliance through macroeconomic regulation. And America′s experience shows that the market is beneficial to the orderly development of the alliance. Recently, industrial technology innovation strategic alliances have developed rapidly with the guidance and the promotion of government in China. However, it is noticeable that during development some problems are exposed, which need to be optimized with the synergism of internal and external motivation.

Key words: industrial technology innovation strategy alliances; driving mechanism; collaborative innovation

Analysis on Problems and Countermeasures in the Management of Guangdong Science Foundation

Abstract: : Guangdong Science Foundation(GSF)makes great efforts on exploring the management of GSF since its establishment. Yet GSF is still plagued by the problems of lacking distinct feature in its projects, lacking sufficient cohesion in the setting of research projects and insufficient guidance in the project management. Against the background of Guangdong innovation strategy, the GSF should make great progress on the above factors, and improve the management to support the innovation strategy and training of young talents.

Key words: Management of GSF; Problem; Improvement

Application of Group Social Work in the Sex and Gender Education for the Disabled and Orphaned Children——A Case Study about the Girls in Shanghai Children′s Welfare Home

DU Li-jie, XUE Meng-chao

(Department of Sociology, Shanghai Normal University, shanghai 200234, China)

Taking girls in the children′s welfare home as the example, this article researches about the function and effect of the group social work in sex and gender education for the disabled children′s education. With the method of action research, 8 times group social work activities are organized and effect evaluations are taken for the activities. The results show that obvious improvement is achieved in knowledge about physiological knowledge and heterosexual communication among the disabled and orphaned girls through group activities. The advantage of this method lies in the fact that it can effectively avoid sensitivity or discomfort, and has a strong relevance. In the future social group work should pay attention to emotional control and can be applied to boys groups.

sex education; disabled children; group social work

Status Quo of Adolescent Social Education in China and Countermeasure: Based on the Perspective of Social Work

CHEN Ai-ru, ZHANG Jie

(College of History and Sociology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China)

A Study of Group Work′s Pressure Alleviation Function for Autistic Children′s Parents of Low-income Families

LI Ai-juan1,2, BAI Xiao-juan1

(1.School of Human Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia; 2. College of Education Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010 China)

Ethical Dilemma in the Practice of Localization of Social Work——A Study of Guangzhou Integrated Family Service Centre

ZHANG Xiao-hong

(School of Politics and Public Administration, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China)

Application and Reflection of ITP Circular Pattern in Social Work Supervision

HAN Jing

(Institute of industrial relations, Shandong Management University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China)

Study on “Bangbang” Porters′ Means of Livelihood and Employment Space

QIN Jie

(Political Theory Teaching and Research Section, Chongqing Communication Institute, Chongqing 400035, China)

Rewrite the Life Story: Narrative Analysis of Self Healing Action Program

ZHONG Yao-lin

(Political science and law college, Linnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524037, China)

Research on the Construction of Social Sentiment and Public Opinion Collection and Processing System in Guangdong Province

JIE Xiao1, WANG Jian-guo2

(1. Marxism School, GuangDong University of Technology; 2. Provincial Affairs Research Center, Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080, China)

Construction and Management of Embedded Elderly Livable Community

PAN Tong

(Department of Management, Guangdong Women′s Polytechnic College，Guangzhou, Guangdong 511450, China)

Social Work: A Path for Rural Social Management towards the State of Good Governance

LI Yao-feng, ZHAO Ling-ling

(School of Politics & Law, Jinggangshan University, Ji′an, Jiangxi 343009, China)

Peasants Land Policy and Its Value-added Income Distribution

ZHAO Cui-ping, DU Fen-gen

(School of Marxism, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510320, China)

An Analysis on Institution Care System for the Disabled Elderly in China

TIAN Yu-yan

(School of Humanity and Law, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou, Guangxi 543002, China)

ZHANG Guang-yu，LIAO Jian-cong，MA Wen-cong
(School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China)

LIU Ling
(Guangdong Science Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China)

2015-03-11

■ 基金課題：廣東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“廣東省自然科學(xué)基金申請(qǐng)政策評(píng)估及優(yōu)化研究”(2014A030309002)。

劉玲(1985—)，女，漢族，助理研究員;主要研究方向：科技政策，科技情報(bào)與產(chǎn)業(yè)研究。

劉玲.淺析廣東省自然科學(xué)基金管理存在的問題與對(duì)策[J].社會(huì)工作與管理，2015，15(4):84—87.

C93

A

1671-623X(2015)04-0084-04