• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Effects of Bamboo Vinegar on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

    2015-02-23 07:49:30LingjieXUShuangjianYANGMinDONGYuanyuanSHIXianggeDU
    Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年8期
    關(guān)鍵詞:防治效果黃瓜林業(yè)

    Lingjie XU,Shuangjian YANG,2,Min DONG,Yuanyuan SHI,Xiangge DU*

    1.China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;2.Weining Branch of Bijie Tobacco Company,Bijie 551700,China

    Bamboo vinegar is a kind of dark brown liquid generated from the sealed pyrolysis and condensation of bamboo wood or its processed remainders (Fang Kaiet al.,2007),its major ingredient is water,and it also contains more than 200 ingredients,such as organic acid,phenols,ketone,alcohol,aldehydes,etc.(Zhang Wenbiaoet al.,2001).Bamboo vinegarhas bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects (Sulaimanet al.,2005),which can increase the effect of pesticides (Li Xiaoronget al.,2005),thus it can be used as plant growth regulator(Zhang Wenbiaoet al.,2004)and soil conditioner(Wei Qianget al.,2006),and it also can be used for keeping flowers fresh (Yang Hui,2005)etc.At the float breeding stage of flue-cured tobacco,the seedling of tobacco is easy to have the diseases ofdamping-off,RhizoctoniasolaniKühn,Colletotrichum micotianaeAverna,Thielaviopsis basicola(Brek.et Br.)Ferr.etc.(Zhou Zhichenget al.,2009),and the insects of mole cricket,cutworm,wireworm,grub,etc.,which seriously reduce the survival rate of tobacco seedlings.Tobacco growers often use chemical agents to prevent diseases and pests,which not only has poor effects,but also brings adverse effects on ecologicalenvironment.Therefore, to produce ecological,high-quality,characteristic and safe tobacco leaves,green(ecological)controlling technique is the basis for ensuring the safe poroduction of tobacco leaves based on the rule of“Good A-gricultural Practices”(GAP).So the study on the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured tobacco varieties is of great significance in improving the quality of tobacco seedlings and reducing the dosages of chemical pesticides as well as protecting the environment.In recent years,as a kind of green medicament which can not only sterilize but also kill pests,bamboo vinegar has been widely used in agricultural production,moreover,it obtains favorable effect in a wide range of vegetables and fruit.Hu Chunshuiet al.found that the control effect of 40%dimethoate mixed with 3%1000 times bamboo vinegar on red spider of citrus orchard could reach 99.5%in 2000.Wei Qiang(2006)showed that spraying 100 times bamboo vinegar could effectively control the germination of spores withPseudoperonospora cubensis(Berk.et Curt.)Rostov.,its field control efficiency was comparable to 72%600 times Curzate.Adding 400 times bamboo vinegar into pepper Juanyeling could effectively improve the control efficiency of virus disease of pepper(Sun Jianhuaet al.,2006).Spraying bamboovinegarcanpromotethe growth vigour of tomato plants and improve VCcontent and sugar-acid ratio,moreover,the effect of 300 times bamboo vinegar was the best(Zhang Linet al.,2010).Spraying 300-1 500 times bamboo vinegar on the foliage could obviously improve VCcontent of tomato and decrease the density of peach aphids(Yao Yuanet al.,2012).At present,the reports on the effects of spraying bamboo vinegaratthe seedling stage on seed germination and seedling growth of different fluecured tobacco varieties have been fewer.Bamboo vinegar with different dilution times was used for culturing the seeds of different flue-cured tobacco varieties and sprayed on the leaves of seedlings,its effects on seed germination and seedling growth were studied,and the suitable amount of bamboo vinegar was discussed,so as to provide some references for improving germination conditions of fluecured tobacco seeds and the quality of tobacco seedlings,and reducing diseases and insect pests.

    Materials and Methods

    Experimental materials

    The experimental varieties of tobacco were Yunyan 97,Guiyan 2,Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1,the seeds were provided by Weining Branch Technique Center of Bijie Tobacco Company.Bamboo vinegar was produced by Zhejiang Suichang Wenzhao Bamboo-charcoal Co.,Ltd.,its density was 1.006 g/ml,pH was 2.62 and the content of acetic acid was 4.54%.

    Experimental design

    Effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination of different flue-cured tobacco varietiesThe experiment was carried out in Organic Technology Research Center of China Agricultural University during February 10-25 in 2014.Culture dish filter paper method was used for seed germination experiment.Seeds of flue-cured tobacco with uniform plumpness and same size were chosen to sterilize by 75%ethyl alcohol for 2 min,then they were cleaned by sterile water for 3-4 times(the operation process was carried out on clean bench).The sterilized seeds were separately put on the culture dishes which had two layers of filter paper(9 cm diameter)for germinating,and each dish had 30 seeds,then they were separately added 5 ml bamboo vinegar aqueous solution with different dilution times (400,200,100 and 50 times),the control(CK)group was added 5 ml distilled water,after that,they were put into manual climatic box,thereby temperature shift for germinating was adopted(darkness:20℃and 12 h;illumination:30℃and 12 h,the illumination intensity was 4 000 lx),and the corresponding bamboo vinegar and distilled water were supplemented during the period,all these had three repetitions.Taking the breakthrough of testa with 2 mm for embryos as the standard,the germination number of seeds was observed and recorded every day.At the 14thday of seed germination,25 seedlings were chosen randomly,and vernier caliper was used to measure the overall length and root length of germinated seeds,thereby the stem length was calculated,then the fresh weight of the full stand was weighed,the germination rate,germination index (GI)and vigor index(VI)of seeds were counted,and the average value of the three repetitions was got.

    In the formulas,nwas the number of germinative seeds at the final period of germination,Nwas total number of experimental seeds.

    In the formula,Gtwas the number of germinative seeds at the tth day,Dwas germination days(d).

    In the formula,Swas overall length of seedlings(cm).

    Effects ofbamboo vinegaron seedling growth of Yunyan 97The experiment was carried out in seedling greenhouse of Heishitou Town,Weining County,Guizhou Province from February 26 to April 26 in 2014.Based on the results of seed germination experiment,the seeds of Yunyan 97 were chosen as experimental materials,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution(50,100,200 and 400 times)were designed and the same amount of clean water was used as CK,there were three repetitions and 15 seedling-raising plates,the plates were randomly put in the same nursery pond,differenttreatments were separated by dummy plates to avoid the interference generated by spraying medicaments.20 d after sowing,bamboo vinegar was sprayed on the leaves ofseedlings,then sprayed once every 10 d,and there were totally three sprays.Each spray was carried out in the afternoon of a fine day,and the bamboo vinegar was sprayed evenly until water drops on the leaf occurred.10 d after the 3rdspray,five-spot(removed the outermost tobacco seedlings)was adopted for taking out tobacco seedlings from seedling holes,15 tobacco seedlings were taken out for each treatment,then such agronomic traits as plant height,stem girth,the maximum leaf length and width,effective number of leaves were measured according to YC/T142-1998 method;after that,tobacco seedlings were put in 105℃for 15 min and dried in 60℃,then they were weighed and the weight of dry matter was calculated; drainage method(Li Yueet al.,2013)was used for measuringrootvolume;SPAD chlorophyll meter was used for measuring chlorophyll content.The result of data was the average value of 15 tobacco seedlings.

    Statistical analysis

    Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0 were respectively adopted for chart drawing and one-way analysis of variance,and Tukey s-b(K)method was used.

    Results and Analyses

    Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on seed germination rate of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

    Germination rate of seedsAs shown in Table 1,seed germination rate of different flue-cured tobacco varieties decreased with the increase of bamboo vinegar concentration.Under the treatment of 50 times dilution,excessive concentration ofbamboo vinegarcaused the ungerminated seeds of different flue-cured tobacco varieties;under the treatment of 100 times dilution,the seeds of Guiyan No.2,Jiucaiping No.2 and Bina No.1 all did not burgeon.The differences on seed germination rates between Yunyan 97 and Guiyan No.2 under different bamboo vinegar treatments reached significant level,moreover,the germination rates of the above two were obviously less than those of CK.Seed germination rates of Jiucaiping No.2 and Bina No.1 under the treatment of 400 times dilution respectively reached 77.78%and 86.67%,and compared with corresponding CK,the differences were not significant,however,compared with the treatment of 200 times dilution,the two respectively increased by 42.87%and 36.85%,thus reached significant level.

    Germination index of seedsAs seen in Table 2,all flue-cured tobacco varieties under the treatment of 50 times dilution did not bourgeon,so the germination index could not be counted.In 100-400 times dilution,seed germination index of different fluecured tobacco varieties increased with the decrease of bamboo vinegar concentration,and the differences among different treatments reached significant level.The germination indexes of Yunyan 97,Guiyan No.2 and Jiucaiping No.2 under the treatment of 400 times dilution were slightly lower than that of CK,and the differences were not significant,moreover,these under the treatments of 100 and 200 times dilution were obviously lower than that of CK,which effectively inhibited the germination of seeds.The germination indexes of Bina No.1 under the treatments of 200-400 times dilution were all significantly lower than that of CK.

    Vigor index of seedsAs shown in Table 3,in accordance with germination rate and germination index,there was not vigor statistics of all flue-cured tobacco varieties under the treatment of 50 times dilution. Except Honghuadajinyuan,the seed vigor index of the other flue-cured tobacco varieties from low to high was as follows:100 times<200 times<400 times<CK,and the differences among different treatments were significant,indicating that bamboo vinegar with high concentration could significantly inhibit the vigor of seeds.

    The whole length of seedlings

    From Table 4,it was drawn that the whole length of seedlings under different bamboo vinegartr eatments shortened gradually with the increase of bamboo vinegar concentration,moreover,they were all shorter than CK.The whole length of seedlings of Yunyan 97 under the treatment of 400 times dilution had not significant differences compared with corresponding CK,however,they were both significantly longer than that under the treatments of 200 and 100 times dilution and respectively increased by 1.84 and 3.43 times.The whole lengths of seedlings of Guiyan No.2 and Jiucaiping No.2 under the treatments of 400 and 200 times dilution were significantly shorter than those of corresponding CK,which were respectively 0.47 and 1.08 times,0.29 and 0.56 times,respectively.The whole length of seedlings of Bina No.1 under the treatment of 400 times dilution was shorter than that of CK,but the difference was not significant,while that under the treatment of 200 times dilutionwas significantly shorter than that of CK and reached 0.52 times.

    Table 1 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on seed germination rate of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

    Table 2 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on germination index(GI)of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

    Root length of seedlingsFrom Table 5,it was inferred that root length of seedlings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties under different bamboo vinegar treatments was significantly shorter than that of CK except Yunyan 97 and Jiucaiping No.2 under the treatment of 400 times dilution.Root length of seedlings of Yunyan 97 under the treatment of 400 times dilution was 11.728 mm,which was longer than that under the treatments of 200 and 100 times dilution by 2.70 and 7.24 times.Rootlengths of seedlings of Guiyan No.2,Jiucaiping No.2 and Bina No.1 under the treatment of 400 times dilution respectively increased by 55.62%,35.00%and 16.38%compared with that under the treatment of 200 times dilution,but the differences were not significant.

    Stem length of seedlingsFrom Table 6,it was concluded that the stem growth of seedlings was inhibited to varying degrees with the increase of bamboo vinegarconcentration;the stem length of seedlings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties under different bamboo vinegartr eatments from low to high was as follows:100 times<200 times<CK<400 times.The treatment of 400 times dilution could significantly promote the growth of stem length of seedlings of Yunyan 97 and Bina No.1,which respectively significantly improved by 31.44%and 86.63%compared with CK,while the treatments of 200 and 100 times dilution had notobvious differences compared with CK.The stem length of seedlings of Guiyan No.2 and Jiucaiping No.2 underdifferenttreatments had not significant differences.

    Fresh weight of seedlingsFrom Table 7,it was shown that the fresh weight of seedlings of different fluecured tobacco varieties under different bamboo vinegar treatments had not obvious rule.Under the treatment of 100 times,the seeds of all flue-cured tobacco varieties did not burgeon,or the growth vigour of seedlings was poor,thus the fresh weight can not be measured. The fresh weight of seedlings of Yunyan 97 under the treatment of 400 times was the heaviest,namely 3.057 mg,which significantly increased by 120.72%compared with that under the treatment of 200 times,but the difference with CK was not significant.The fresh weight of Guiyan No.2 and Jiucaiping No.2 under different treatments was as follows:200 times<400 times<CK,and the differences of them among different treatments were significant except Guiyan No.2 under the treatments of 400 and 200 times.The fresh weight of Bina No.1 under the treatment of 400 times respectively increased by 64.58%and 82.03%compared with that of CK and 200 times treatment.

    Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on seedling growth of Yunyan 97

    From Table 8,it was shown thatcompared with CK,spraying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar on Yunyan 97 at the seedling stage can promote the growth of seedlings to varying degrees,and most indexes of each treatment increased to varying degrees except the stem girth under the treatment of 200 times,the maximum leaf length under the treatment of 50 times and the chlorophyll content of leaves under the treatment of 100 times.

    Table 3 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on seed vigor index(VI)of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

    Table 4 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on the whole length of seedings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties mm

    Table 5 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on root length of seedlings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties mm

    Table 6 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on stem length of seedlings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties mm

    Table 7 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on fresh weight of seedlings of different flue-cured tobacco varieties mg

    Table 8 Effects of different bamboo vinegar treatments on seedling growth of Yunyan 97

    With the increase of bamboo vinegar concentration,the plant height,stem girth and the maximum leaf length of seedlings of Yunyan 97 showed the fluctuation variation trend of decline—rise—decline;the chlorophyll content of leaves showed the variation trend of rise—decline—rise;effective number of leaves rose at first,went down then,and finally maintained stable;the weight of dry matter decreased continuously.In all bamboo vinegar treatments,the plant height was the highest under the treatment of 100 times,namely 3.36 cm,which was significantly higher than that of CK and the other treatments.Each bamboo vinegar treatment had not significant effect on stem girth and weight of dry matter of tobacco seedlings,but they both were the highest under the treatment of 400 times,which were 1.82 cm and 0.262 g,respectively.Under the treatment of 100 times bamboo vinegar,the maximum leaf length of Yunyan 97 was the longest,namely 10.14 cm,which was significantly longer than that of 50 times treatment;under the treatment of 400 times bamboo vinegar,the maximum leaf width of Yunyan 97 reached 5.74 cm,which was obviously greater than that of CK and 50 times treatment.Except the treatment of 50 times bamboo vinegar,the root volume of all the other treatments was significantly greater than that of CK,in which that under the treatment of 100 times bamboo vinegar was the greatest,namely 0.92 ml.Effective numberofleaves and chlorophyll content under the treatment of 200 times were slightly higher than those of the other treatments,and there were not significant differences among different treatments.

    Discussions

    Effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured tobacco varieties

    In recent years,many scholars did a large number of studies on the application effect of bamboo vinegar and pyroligneous acid on various kinds of crops,moreover,obtained good results.Muet al.(2003)and Liu Yanmeiet al.(2012)showed that bamboo wood fermentation broth with high concentration could inhibit the germinating ability of seeds.The results of this study showed that with the increase of bamboo vinegar concentration,the germination rate,germination index and seed vigor of almost all seeds of different flue-cured tobacco varieties decreased continuously,in which the seeds under the treatment of 50 times bamboo vinegar did not burgeon,which was similar to the results of previous studies.Muet al.(2004)demonstrated that bamboo vinegar with higher concentration had inhibiting effect on the root growth of seedlings,while the bamboo vinegar with low concentration had promoting effect.The results ofthis study showed that under the treatment of 400 times,only the overall length of Yunyan 97 and Bina No.1 had not significant differences compared with that of CK,and that of the other varieties showed decreasing trend to varying degrees, moreover, the seedling growth was inhibited significantly with the increase of bamboo vinegar concentration.

    Effects ofbamboo vinegaron seedling growth of Yunyan 97

    Spraying different concentrations of vinegar liquid had different effects on crop growth.Wu Xuanet al.(2009)showed that spraying low concentrations of bamboo vinegar(100 times and 300 times)could promote the growth of cucumber,while high concentration (50 times)would inhibit the growth of cucumber.Wang Xiaodonget al.(2009)studied the effects of straw vinegar on the seedling growth of teaoil tree,and held that the effect of 300 times straw vinegar on the seedling growth of tea-oil tree was the best.On the whole,the results of this experiment were similar with previous studies,that was,20 d after seed germination of Yunyan 97,such indexes as plant height,the maximum leaf lenth and width,weight of dry matter and root volume of tobacco seedlings under the treatments of 100-400 times bamboo vinegar were improved obviously,while these under the treatment of 50 times bamboo vinegar were slightly higher than CK or decreased,demonstrating that spraying low concentrations(100-400 times)of bamboo vinegaratthe seedling stage could effectively promote the growth and development of tobacco seedlings,but the effect of high concentrations of bamboo vinegar(such as 50 times)was not good.Therefore,the application effects ofbamboo vinegar before seed germination should be further studied in future,moreover,the method ofpouring bamboo vinegar into matrixes can be adopted,so as to verify its effect on regulating and controlling the microecologicalenvironment of matrix,thereby affecting the growth of root and improving the quality of tobacco seedlings.

    Conclusions

    The results of this experiment showed that supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar on the culture dish could inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of fluecured tobacco;during the process of float breeding,spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.

    [1]FANGY(方楷),YANGGY(楊光耀),YANG QP(楊清培).Progress in application of vinegar(竹醋液應(yīng)用研究進(jìn)展)[J].Forestry Science and Technology(林業(yè)科技開發(fā)),2007,21(6):1-4.

    [2]ZHANG WB(張文標(biāo)),YE LM(葉良明),LIU L(劉力),et al.Analysis on component of bamboo vinegar(竹醋液的組分分析)[J].Journal of Bamboo Research(竹子研究匯刊),2001,20(4):72-76.

    [3]SULAIMAN O,MURPHY RJ,HASHIM R,et al.The inhibition of microbial growth by bamboo vinegar[J].Journal of Bamboo and Rattan,2005,4(1):71-80.

    [4]LI XR(李小榮),WU QC(吳全聰),LIU ZL(劉志龍),et al.Synergistic effect of bamboo vinegar on several kinds of insecticides(竹醋液對幾種殺蟲劑的增效作用)[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences(浙江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)),2005(2):144-146.

    [5]ZHANG WB(張文標(biāo)),ZHONG TL(鐘泰林),ZHANG H(張宏),et al.Effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of Yumai 18(竹醋液對豫麥18種子發(fā)芽及生長的影響)[C].//Chinese Society of Forestry(中國林學(xué)會).First Bamboo Industry Conference Proceedings of Chinese Society of Forestry(中國林學(xué)會首屆竹業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)大會論文集),2004.

    [6]WEI Q(韋強(qiáng)),DU XG(杜相革),QU ZH(曲再紅).Effect of treatments with bamboo vinegar on growth of cucumber(竹醋液對黃瓜生長的影響)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報),2006a,22(7):411-414.

    [7]YANG H(楊暉).The delayed effects of bamboo vinegar on senescence of cut tulip(竹醋液對郁金香切花衰老的延緩作用)[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences(浙江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)),2005(4):264-265.

    [8]ZHOU ZC(周志成),XIAO QM(肖啟明),ZENG AP(曾愛平),et al.Tobacco pest and disease control(煙草病蟲害及其防治)[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Press(北京:中國農(nóng)業(yè)出版社),2009:22-32.

    [9]HU CS(胡春水),LIANG WB(梁文斌),LI JA(李建安).EM,research Zhucu pollution in forest cultivation application(EM、竹醋在經(jīng)濟(jì)林無公害栽培中的應(yīng)用研究)[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology(江西林業(yè)科技),2000(1):4-6.

    [10]WEI Q(韋強(qiáng)),DU XG(杜相革),HUANG MQ(黃漫青).et al.Study on the effect of bamboo vinegar on controlling downy mildew of cucumber(竹醋液對黃瓜霜霉病防治效果的研究)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報),2006b,22(6):330-332.

    [11]SUN JH(孫劍華),CHEN YN(陳永寧),SHEN XK(沈曉昆).Effect trial of pepper Juanyeling combining bamboo vinegar on controlling pepper virus disease(辣椒卷葉靈加竹醋液防治辣椒病毒病藥效試驗)[J].Agricultural Equipment and Technology(農(nóng)業(yè)裝備技術(shù)),2006,32(1):35.

    [12]ZHANG L(張琳),DONG L(董琳),WANG JC(王甲辰),et al.Influence of wood vinegar as leaves fertilizer on growth and quality of tomato(木醋液作為葉面施用對西紅柿長勢及品質(zhì)的影響)[J].Beijing Agriculture(北京農(nóng)業(yè)),2010(30):58-62.

    [13]YAO Y(姚遠(yuǎn)),CHEN ZZ(陳正洲),HONG K(洪科),et al.Effects of bamboo vinegar with different concentrations on the growth and development of tomato andMyzus persicae(竹醋液對番茄生長發(fā)育及桃蚜的影響)[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University(安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報),2012,39(4):646-650.

    [14]LI Y(李 玥),SHEN H(沈宏),JIA ZH(賈志紅),et al.Effects of a specific tobacco root promoting agent on root growth of flue-cured tobacco(一種煙草專用促根劑對烤煙根系生長的影響)[J].Chinese Tobacco Science(中國煙草科學(xué)),2013,34(3):10-15.

    [15]MU J,UEHARA T,FURUNO T.Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants[J].Journal of Wood Science,2003,49(3):262-270.

    [16]LIU YM(劉艷梅),WANG XX(王曉旭),WANG XF(汪曉峰),et al.Effect of pyroligneous acids on seed germination ofProtea cynaroides(木醋液對帝王花種子萌發(fā)的影響)[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology(浙江林業(yè)科技),2002,32(4):51-53.

    [17]MU J,UEHARA T,FURUNO T.Effect of bamboo vinegar on regulation of germination and radicle growth of seed plants II:compositon of mose bamboo vinegar at different collection temperature and its effects[J].Journal of Wood Science,2004,50(5):470-476.

    [18]WU X(吳暄),ZONG LG(宗良綱),LIU X(劉新),et al.Growth and pests control in organic cucumber production(竹醋液對有機(jī)栽培黃瓜生長的影響及其對蚜蟲的防治效果)[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control(中國生物防治),2009,25(4):309-311.

    [19]WANG XD(王小東),ZHOU WC(周文才),WANG XP(王小平).Effects of straw vinegar on growth ofCamellia oleiferaseedlings(秸稈醋液對油茶幼苗生長的影響)[J].Jiangxi Forestry Science and Technology(江西林業(yè)科技),2009(5):10-11.

    猜你喜歡
    防治效果黃瓜林業(yè)
    用料不當(dāng)致牛病 如何防治效果好
    清新脆嫩的黃瓜
    中老年保健(2021年5期)2021-08-24 07:08:02
    《林業(yè)科學(xué)》征稿簡則
    黃瓜留瓜要注意兩點(diǎn)
    20%啶蟲脒可溶液劑對蘋果繡線菊蚜防治效果
    河北果樹(2020年4期)2020-11-26 06:04:46
    我喜歡黃瓜
    land produces
    摘黃瓜
    林業(yè)有害生物的防治
    縮宮素聯(lián)合米索前列醇用于引產(chǎn)后出血的防治效果觀察
    日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 精品亚洲成国产av| 久久av网站| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 日韩视频在线欧美| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 9热在线视频观看99| 丝袜喷水一区| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 黄网站色视频无遮挡免费观看| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 亚洲成国产人片在线观看| 大片免费播放器 马上看| 欧美 日韩 精品 国产| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 99riav亚洲国产免费| www.精华液| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 国产精品免费一区二区三区在线 | 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 窝窝影院91人妻| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 窝窝影院91人妻| 少妇粗大呻吟视频| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 女警被强在线播放| 精品久久久精品久久久| 精品人妻1区二区| 午夜福利免费观看在线| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 国产精品九九99| 久久香蕉激情| 王馨瑶露胸无遮挡在线观看| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 国产精品 欧美亚洲| 手机成人av网站| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 伦理电影免费视频| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 亚洲专区中文字幕在线| 国产av精品麻豆| 亚洲伊人久久精品综合| 女人爽到高潮嗷嗷叫在线视频| 国产男靠女视频免费网站| 成在线人永久免费视频| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 在线观看免费视频日本深夜| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕 | 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 男女边摸边吃奶| av天堂久久9| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产高清视频在线播放一区| 国产成人精品在线电影| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区 | 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 久久 成人 亚洲| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 高清av免费在线| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| av天堂在线播放| 99re6热这里在线精品视频| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 一级片'在线观看视频| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 久久久精品区二区三区| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 桃花免费在线播放| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 欧美日韩中文字幕国产精品一区二区三区 | 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| av免费在线观看网站| 少妇粗大呻吟视频| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| a级片在线免费高清观看视频| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 国产成人影院久久av| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 亚洲成人手机| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区| 丁香六月天网| 一二三四社区在线视频社区8| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 两人在一起打扑克的视频| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 国产av国产精品国产| av天堂在线播放| 男女免费视频国产| 天堂8中文在线网| 久久久久久久国产电影| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 乱人伦中国视频| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 1024视频免费在线观看| 成人18禁在线播放| 国产男女内射视频| 色婷婷久久久亚洲欧美| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕| 黄片播放在线免费| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 日韩大码丰满熟妇| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 美女福利国产在线| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 十八禁网站免费在线| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 伦理电影免费视频| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 国产真人三级小视频在线观看| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 日韩有码中文字幕| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 一区二区三区激情视频| 宅男免费午夜| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 亚洲成人免费av在线播放| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 一进一出抽搐动态| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 每晚都被弄得嗷嗷叫到高潮| www.999成人在线观看| 又大又爽又粗| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 9191精品国产免费久久| 999久久久国产精品视频| 亚洲熟妇熟女久久| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站 | 国产精品国产高清国产av | av天堂在线播放| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 婷婷成人精品国产| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色 | 极品教师在线免费播放| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看 | 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 亚洲精品久久成人aⅴ小说| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 老司机福利观看| 亚洲午夜理论影院| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 99精品久久久久人妻精品| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 国产成人精品无人区| 国产激情久久老熟女| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 一个人免费看片子| 露出奶头的视频| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 午夜日韩欧美国产| 韩国精品一区二区三区| 久久中文字幕一级| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 亚洲视频免费观看视频| 一区二区三区精品91| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 一级毛片精品| 91字幕亚洲| 日韩视频一区二区在线观看| 免费不卡黄色视频| 国产在视频线精品| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 国产成人精品无人区| 午夜久久久在线观看| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 一区福利在线观看| 男女边摸边吃奶| www.熟女人妻精品国产| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 男女无遮挡免费网站观看| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 精品国产一区二区久久| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| 国产成人精品在线电影| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 伦理电影免费视频| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 天堂动漫精品| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 亚洲av成人一区二区三| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 老司机亚洲免费影院| 一区二区日韩欧美中文字幕| 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 久久久久精品国产欧美久久久| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽 | 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 成人18禁高潮啪啪吃奶动态图| av免费在线观看网站| 久久久欧美国产精品| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 9色porny在线观看| 飞空精品影院首页| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 丁香欧美五月| 欧美在线一区亚洲| 91大片在线观看| 精品国产亚洲在线| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| av不卡在线播放| av欧美777| 国产精品 国内视频| 中文字幕色久视频| 国产精品99久久99久久久不卡| 蜜桃在线观看..| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 中文字幕色久视频| 成年版毛片免费区| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 无人区码免费观看不卡 | 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 亚洲国产av新网站| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲| 一区二区日韩欧美中文字幕| 后天国语完整版免费观看| 欧美日韩国产mv在线观看视频| 天天影视国产精品| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 国产精品电影一区二区三区 | 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 制服人妻中文乱码| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 精品久久久久久久毛片微露脸| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕 | 亚洲午夜理论影院| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 免费黄频网站在线观看国产| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 国产1区2区3区精品| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 丁香欧美五月| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| videos熟女内射| cao死你这个sao货| 久久人人爽av亚洲精品天堂| 99久久人妻综合| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 日本av手机在线免费观看| 搡老岳熟女国产| 中文欧美无线码| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 久久狼人影院| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 热re99久久国产66热| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 美女主播在线视频| a级毛片黄视频| 国产在线视频一区二区| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 亚洲人成伊人成综合网2020| 少妇 在线观看| 老司机影院毛片| av天堂久久9| www.自偷自拍.com| 久久亚洲真实| 国产1区2区3区精品| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 在线av久久热| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 国产成人精品在线电影| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 丁香六月天网| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 757午夜福利合集在线观看| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 久久精品国产a三级三级三级| 国产精品 国内视频| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 久久精品aⅴ一区二区三区四区| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 午夜两性在线视频| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 久久人妻av系列| 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 不卡一级毛片| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 中文字幕制服av| cao死你这个sao货| 精品国产国语对白av| 国产精品国产av在线观看| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 欧美亚洲日本最大视频资源| 精品福利永久在线观看| 在线观看舔阴道视频| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 熟女少妇亚洲综合色aaa.| 好男人电影高清在线观看| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 岛国在线观看网站| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 天堂8中文在线网| av视频免费观看在线观看| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| 18禁观看日本| 黄片大片在线免费观看| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| av网站在线播放免费| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁躁| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频 | 日本wwww免费看| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 国产1区2区3区精品| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| av一本久久久久| 国产淫语在线视频| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 1024视频免费在线观看| 不卡av一区二区三区| 成人免费观看视频高清| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看 | 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 男女边摸边吃奶| 岛国在线观看网站| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 国产在线精品亚洲第一网站| 亚洲伊人色综图| 久久香蕉激情| 国产精品亚洲一级av第二区| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看| 久久精品人人爽人人爽视色| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 美女午夜性视频免费| 国产麻豆69| 婷婷成人精品国产| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 欧美黄色淫秽网站| 日韩欧美国产一区二区入口| 最黄视频免费看| 悠悠久久av| 久久香蕉激情| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 色老头精品视频在线观看| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 日日夜夜操网爽| 日韩欧美一区二区三区在线观看 | 青草久久国产| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 午夜免费鲁丝| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产 | 深夜精品福利| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 成人三级做爰电影| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 国产麻豆69| 国产精品影院久久| 操出白浆在线播放| 成人av一区二区三区在线看| 国产熟女午夜一区二区三区| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 成年版毛片免费区| 免费观看人在逋| av电影中文网址| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女 | 久久久国产精品麻豆| xxxhd国产人妻xxx| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 高清在线国产一区| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕 | 欧美日韩精品网址| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av | 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影 | 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色 | 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 精品国产一区二区三区四区第35| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 亚洲成人免费av在线播放| 国产区一区二久久| 久久精品国产a三级三级三级| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| av天堂在线播放| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 免费在线观看黄色视频的| 中文字幕制服av| 久久久精品国产亚洲av高清涩受| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 三级毛片av免费| 婷婷成人精品国产| 久9热在线精品视频| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 中文字幕制服av| 一进一出抽搐动态| 成人国产一区最新在线观看| 热99re8久久精品国产| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 一区在线观看完整版| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看| 国产av又大| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 日韩有码中文字幕| 国产精品影院久久| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线| 欧美+亚洲+日韩+国产| 精品国产一区二区久久| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| tube8黄色片| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区 | 黄色成人免费大全| 又大又爽又粗| 亚洲精品在线美女| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| 亚洲伊人色综图| 成人国语在线视频| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 欧美大码av| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕 | 国产1区2区3区精品| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 啪啪无遮挡十八禁网站| 亚洲欧美激情在线| 波多野结衣一区麻豆| 每晚都被弄得嗷嗷叫到高潮| 热99re8久久精品国产| 91成人精品电影| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡| www.999成人在线观看| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 18在线观看网站| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 成人手机av| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 桃花免费在线播放| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 久久ye,这里只有精品| 久久久久精品人妻al黑| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 日韩欧美免费精品| 五月天丁香电影| 最近最新免费中文字幕在线| 午夜两性在线视频| 欧美日韩一级在线毛片| av天堂在线播放| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区 | 国产视频一区二区在线看| 香蕉国产在线看| 亚洲精品在线观看二区| 老司机福利观看| 国产一卡二卡三卡精品| 99精品在免费线老司机午夜| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| www日本在线高清视频| 超色免费av| 久久久久久人人人人人| 日韩大片免费观看网站|