“渝新歐”鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)：打通中國(guó)西向通道

□ 文/新華社記者 趙宇航 張桂林

2014年12月29日，本年度“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路貨運(yùn)專(zhuān)線發(fā)出的第100班去程班列由重慶團(tuán)結(jié)村中心站開(kāi)往德國(guó)杜伊斯堡，標(biāo)志著這條貫穿新絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道迎來(lái)發(fā)展新階段。此前，已有鐵路班列載著248輛汽車(chē)整車(chē)從重慶果園港鐵路站場(chǎng)出發(fā)，沿著鐵路專(zhuān)用線駛?cè)搿坝逍職W”國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道，發(fā)往歐洲各國(guó)。“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路與長(zhǎng)江黃金水道的“最后一公里”自此通行。

“渝新歐”鐵路2011年正式開(kāi)通，全長(zhǎng)11000公里，經(jīng)新疆阿拉山口（霍爾果斯）出境，進(jìn)入哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯、白俄羅斯、波蘭，至德國(guó)的杜伊斯堡，歷時(shí)14～16天，運(yùn)行成本為空運(yùn)的五到六分之一，比長(zhǎng)江水運(yùn)加海運(yùn)的時(shí)間節(jié)約30到40天。而“渝新歐”班列自開(kāi)行以來(lái)已累計(jì)開(kāi)行230多班次，貨物運(yùn)輸總量約2萬(wàn)標(biāo)箱，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易額68億美元，占經(jīng)阿拉山口出入境中歐班列的80%以上，其中回程班列20多班，居中歐班列第一位。隨著貨運(yùn)班列數(shù)量的提升，運(yùn)費(fèi)成本將進(jìn)一步降低，相比海運(yùn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)將更加明顯。

作為“一帶一路”建設(shè)的重要支撐通道，“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道在多方面取得突破。在班列開(kāi)行方面，由開(kāi)通之初的專(zhuān)列模式轉(zhuǎn)向公共、固定班列模式，增加開(kāi)行頻率，優(yōu)化運(yùn)輸時(shí)間；在回程貨源方面，重慶汽車(chē)整車(chē)進(jìn)口口岸的獲批為“渝新歐”回程班列提供了新的貨源品種和貨量增長(zhǎng)極，奔馳、寶馬、大眾等歐洲名牌整車(chē)可通過(guò)“渝新歐”班列運(yùn)到國(guó)內(nèi)；“渝新歐”還成功開(kāi)展了重慶到哈薩克斯坦阿拉木圖的國(guó)際段試運(yùn)郵。

一端連著歐盟經(jīng)濟(jì)中心區(qū)域，貫穿絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶；另一端連著長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶，并通過(guò)“鐵海”聯(lián)運(yùn)延展到海上絲綢之路，“渝新歐”國(guó)際鐵路聯(lián)運(yùn)大通道打通了中國(guó)西向通道，成為“一帶一路”建設(shè)的重要基礎(chǔ)和支撐。

A train loaded with 248 automobiles departed from the Guoyuangang Railway Station of Chongqing on the 28th of December 2014,and drove on the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway,products in which would be delivered to the European countries.The Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway finally connected to the Yangtze River Golden Watercourse smashing the “l(fā)ast mile”bottleneck.

The 100th train of the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway freight line left the Tuanjiecun Central Station of Chongqing for Duisburg of Germany on December 29,2014,signifying that the international multimode transport passage along with the new Silk Road Economic Belt brushed a new chapter.

It links with the EU’s economic centre and goes through the Silk Road Economic Belt on one side and the Yangtze River Economic Belt on the other,by which it reaches out to the maritime silk road.The Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway channeled to the western China and became an integral part of “One Belt and One Road”program.

Since its inception in 2011,the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway,11,000 km long,extends to Huo’erguosi of Xinjiang,enters into Kazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,and reaches Duisburg,lasting 14-16 days,costs of which are about one fifth/sixth of aviation transport,and saving nearly 30 to 40 days than shipment through the Yangtze River and the oceans.

Known as an important support to the “One Belt and One Road”program,the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe International Railway achieved major milestones in many respects.As for train scheduling,it was converted from chartered train to public and fixed-schedule one with intensified frequency and optimized time;as for sources of cargo for the return train,Chongqing Automobile Port was approved to provide new sources of cargo,the well-known European brands e.g.Mercedes Benz,BMW,and Volkswagen can be shipped to China via the train;also a trial of post shipment between Chongqing and Almaty of Kazakhstan was successfully undertaken.

It’s said with increase in the number of cargo trains,transport costs will be further cut,strength of which will become evident in comparison with ocean shipping.

Statistics illustrated that,since the launch of the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe Railway,more than 230 trains were run,and around 20,000 standard containers of cargoes were delivered,imports amounted to $6.8 billion,accounting for more than 80% of the Sino-Europe trains via Alataw Pass including more than 20 return trains,and taking the first place.