重慶經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度接近50% 居全國(guó)第八

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

2014年，重慶GDP增速領(lǐng)跑全國(guó)，外貿(mào)進(jìn)出口總值居西部第一、全國(guó)第十。今年上半年，重慶繼續(xù)保持這一勢(shì)頭。重慶不沿邊不靠海，卻悄然間從內(nèi)陸腹地站上了開(kāi)放高地——經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度接近50%，比肩沿海省市，列全國(guó)第八。

經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度是一個(gè)地區(qū)對(duì)外開(kāi)放的最主要指標(biāo)，在我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)，這一指標(biāo)的平均水平早已跨過(guò)50%，部分城市甚至高達(dá)100%以上，近年來(lái)，隨著國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)的不斷開(kāi)拓，雖然全國(guó)的平均水平有所回落，2013年的公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)為46%，一般認(rèn)為2014年這一數(shù)字也仍然保持在40%以上。但深處內(nèi)陸的廣大中國(guó)中西部地區(qū)的大多數(shù)省區(qū)仍然和這一平均水平有較大差距，重慶能夠達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)外向度接近50%的成績(jī)非常難得，這是多年以來(lái)重慶全力加強(qiáng)對(duì)外開(kāi)放、發(fā)展外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)多年積累成績(jī)的體現(xiàn)，也是重慶打造內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地取得的重要成果。

6月26日，“渝新歐”鐵路班列，由西向東跨越萬(wàn)里，首次從歐洲帶著跨境電商貨物回到重慶。在重慶西永綜合保稅區(qū)貨場(chǎng)上，擺成一排的集裝箱里，德國(guó)進(jìn)口的凈水壺?cái)[得滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)?！翱者\(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)太貴，走鐵路14天就到了，性價(jià)比最高?！必浿鞅硎?。重慶人感慨：“重慶與歐洲從來(lái)沒(méi)這么近過(guò)?！?014年，“渝新歐”共開(kāi)行130班列車(chē)，出口貨源六成來(lái)自其它省市區(qū)。作為長(zhǎng)江上游集裝箱主樞紐港，重慶寸灘港的集裝箱吞吐量近幾年都是兩位數(shù)增長(zhǎng)，2015年上半年外貿(mào)箱所占比例從往年的54.5%上升到了79.2%。

為支持重慶外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面發(fā)展，重慶海關(guān)、重慶出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局都紛紛出臺(tái)對(duì)應(yīng)的配套政策，為重慶保持高外向度做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)：重慶海關(guān)率先推出跨境電商B賬冊(cè)的管理模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)商品按行郵的屬性進(jìn)行分類監(jiān)管。海關(guān)單日訂單包裹驗(yàn)放量由過(guò)去的數(shù)千票躍升至數(shù)十萬(wàn)票，企業(yè)出倉(cāng)包裹物流速度大大加快。這項(xiàng)改革6月15日上線，目前已有85家跨境電商企業(yè)與重慶海關(guān)對(duì)接；重慶出入境檢驗(yàn)檢疫局向西，為支持“渝新歐”，加強(qiáng)與絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶沿線國(guó)家的檢驗(yàn)檢疫政策對(duì)接，與新疆、上海、深圳、廣東、廣西、云南等6省市檢驗(yàn)檢疫機(jī)構(gòu)簽署直通放行協(xié)議，“渝新歐”貨物檢驗(yàn)檢疫通關(guān)時(shí)間由2—3天縮短為4個(gè)小時(shí)；向東，協(xié)調(diào)上海、江蘇、湖北等12省市檢驗(yàn)檢疫部門(mén)出臺(tái)長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶檢驗(yàn)檢疫一體化措施，試點(diǎn)實(shí)施“進(jìn)口直通、出口直放”一體化通關(guān)模式。試運(yùn)行一個(gè)月以來(lái)，每批貨物節(jié)約物流時(shí)間1—2天，企業(yè)物流成本降低10%。為促進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化，重慶海關(guān)與重慶檢驗(yàn)檢疫在重慶鐵路、航空、水運(yùn)口岸全面推行“一次申報(bào)、一次查驗(yàn)、一次放行”。

“渝新歐”龍門(mén)吊 攝影：劉汪洋

In 2014,Chongqing took the lead in national GDP growth,ranking the No.1 in the west and No.10 in the nation in terms of import and export gross of foreign trade.In the first half of this year,Chongqing continues to maintain this favorable momentum.In spite of the disadvantage of no bordering with the sea,it quietly stands out from the interior on the open highland with economic extroversion close to 50%,as the coastal provinces and cities,ranking the eighth in national column.

Economic extroversion is the main index for a region’s opening to the outside.The index in coastal areas of our country has already exceeded 50%,even as high as over 100% in some cities.In recent years,along with the continuous expand of the domestic consumption market,the open data about the index was 46% in 2013 and it was generally believed that figure also remained at more than 40% in 2014,although the national average fell back.But even so,most inland provinces in the middle western still have a big gap with the average level so it is very rare for Chongqing to achieve economic extroversion to near 50%,which is the embodiment of Chongqing’s accumulative progress in opening up and developing export-oriented economy with its full efforts,as well as significant achievements of creating a open highland in inland.

On June 26,“Chongqing-Xinjiang –Europe”block trains returned Chongqing with goods of cross-border e-commerce across the miles from the west to east for the first time.In the freight yard of Chongqing comprehensive free trade zone,net kettles imported from Germany are rowed in and full of containers."The air freight is too expensive,but it just takes 14 days by train which is the highest in cost performance.”said the owner,and the Chongqing people sigh with emotion: “It’s never so close between Chongqing and Europe.”In 2014,the line of “Chongqing-Xinjiang–Europe”Railway runs 130 trains,with sixty percent export commodity from other provinces.As the pivotal port of containers in the upper Yangtze River,Cuntan Port have achieved a double-digit growth of cargo handling capacity of containers in recent years and the proportion of foreign trading containers in the first half of 2015 rose to 79.2% from 54.5% in previous years.

To support the full development of export-oriented economy in Chongqing,Chongqing Customs,Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau have all implemented corresponding supporting policies and made positive contributions to maintain high extroverted degree of Chongqing: Chongqing Customs first launch a management mode of B books in cross-border e-commerce and implement the classification regulation to goods based on their the property of the mail.In addition,the amount of daily order packages that shall be checked by customs leaps to hundreds of thousands from the thousand,which will accelerate logistics out of the warehouse dramatically.The reform is carried out on June 15,and now there are 85 cross-border e-commerce enterprises are trying to dock with the Chongqing customs;in the eastward,Chongqing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau support the “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”railway line,strengthen the connection with inspection and quarantine policies in countries along the silk road economic belt,and has signed direct release agreement with inspection and quarantine institutions in six provinces like Xinjiang,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan and thus clearance time of inspection and quarantine to the goods carried by “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”Railway trains reduces to four hours from 2 to 3 days;in the westward,the bureau takes a series of measures of inspection and quarantine integration along the Yangtze River Economic Belt by coordinating with 12 provinces and cities such as Shanghai,Jiangsu and Hubei to take pilot of integrated customs clearance mode of “straight in import and let go of export”.Over the trial run for a month,the logistic time of every batch of goods saves 1 to 2 days and costs of enterprises’logistics reduce by 10%.In order to promote trade facilitation,Chongqing Customs and Chongqing Inspection and Quarantine Bureau work together to fully implement the policy of “one declaration,one inspection and one release”in Chongqing railway,aviation,water transport port.