• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Land Use Structure in Wuhai City on Basis of Ecological Green Equivalence

    2015-02-05 03:30:50PingLITaisenSUN
    Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年6期
    關(guān)鍵詞:烏海市李萍當(dāng)量

    Ping LI,Taisen SUN

    1.College of Resources&Environmental Sciences,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taigu 030801,China;

    2.Research Center of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China

    Land Use Structure in Wuhai City on Basis of Ecological Green Equivalence

    Ping LI1,2,Taisen SUN1*

    1.College of Resources&Environmental Sciences,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taigu 030801,China;

    2.Research Center of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China

    The paper took Wuhai District as an example,bases on the contrast between the land use condition in 2005 and 2010,and applied the ecological green equivalence to establish a mathematic model of ecological optimization of land use structure,to establish the ecology green equivalent mathematical model and survey the value of region green equivalent,and then assess the ecological environment situation.The results show that the ecological environment has been deteriorated in Wuhai from 2005 to 2010,so the ecological environment was poor.In order to increase eco-efficiency of land use,garden,urban green space and woodland area should be raised in the optimization program.

    Ecological green equivalence;Forest coverage rate:Land use structure; Wuhai city

    L ands are comprehensive resources,laying foundation for human existence and development,and the issue of land is a social fundamental problem can never be ignored[1].A city is a product of human civilization and social and economy development,relying on lands[2].It is, therefore,a hot issue in academic fields for accomplishing sustainable use of lands and improving urban ecosystem services to research rationality and optimization methods of land sue structure[3-4].The research established ecological green equivalence model to explore land use structure and optimization in a quantitative way from the perspective of ecological services.

    Research Method

    The concept of ecological green equivalence

    With advancement of urbanization,it is inevitable for negative effects to produce on natural ecosystems,affecting regional sustainable development.In order to make compensation on the weakened ecological functions of forests,it is necessary to the ecological function of"equivalent and the term of green equivalence is proposed accordingly.Specifically,green equivalence includes equivalent photosynthesis and regional ecological functions,meaning restoring original equivalent photosynthesis to compensate the ecological role which could have played by the plants.It can be concluded that green equivalence is the green quantity of rest vegetations-to-green quantity of the equivalent forests[5].In general,green equivalence is measured according to an ecological type as per forest ecolo gi cal functions[6-9]and it is believed that lands with green equivalence include forest lands,farmlands and grasslands.

    Land classification based on ecological green equivalence

    In accordance with ecological green equivalence and land use patterns in Wuhai City,lands can be classified into the following categories:the lands with green equivalence and can be quantified,including farmlands, garden plots,forest lands,grass lands, rest agricultural lands,and urban green lands;the lands with green equivalence but hardly be quantified, including arsh,beach,pond,Reservoir

    Estimation Methods of Ecological Green Equivalence

    Data source

    The research data were fromWuhai City Statistical Yearbook,A General Plan of Land Use in Wuhai Cityduring 2006-2020 and resources provided by Ministry of Land and Resources of Wuhai City.

    Calculate the effect value of various ecosystems

    Selection and quantification of indicesUrban lands are a complex ecosystem of nature,economy and society,laying foundation for production, living,logistics,and transportation for people.Currently,however,lots of farmlands are occupied resulting from urbanization and industrialization, leading to declining of land ecological services.What’s worse,the reducing of ecological lands affects not only social sustainable development,but also crop safety,eco-health and ecosecurity,posing threats to human beings[10-12].The introduction of ecological green equivalence theory to optimization of land use structure aims at determining the minimum ecological standard and guaranteeing basic ecological lands according to local natural and environment evolvement.Therefore, the chosen indices should reflect regional protection,benefiting and adjustment in terms of nature,society and economy environments. The research used the assessment value sheet concluded by Japanese experts[13]and summed up the assessment value sheet on eco-environment protection(Table 1)with consideration of natural conditions and land use.

    Hence,it can be concluded that the ecological function service totaled 150.95 of forest lands,99.22 of farmlands,107.84 of garden plots,112.12 of grasslands,91.06 of urban green lands and 131.95 of water.

    Average ecological green equivalence of different land typesIn accordance with eco-environment functions of different land types,assuming green equivalence of forestlands was 1,X=Fi/Fforestland,involvingXas the ecological green equivalene of theithtype land,Fias total score of ecological services of theithland,Fforestlandas total score of ecological services of forestlands,it can be concluded that green equivalence values of forestland at 1.0,farmlands at 0.66, garden plots at 0.71,grasslands at 0.74,urban greenlands at 0.60,and water at 0.87.Nevertheless,considering the differences of climate and soils, the green equivalence of the same land type tended to be volatile upon regions.In the research,the measurement of green equivalence of different land types should consider the growth term(the coefficient of growth term in a year=the length of growth term(m)/12)and cropping system(the value of regional cropping system and crop growth term).In other words,the practical green equivalence of local ecosystem is a product of green equivalence of different lands multiplying growth term in a whole year[11](Table 2).

    Wuhai City has a temperate continental climate and crops are grownas per single cropping system,and the growth term coefficient was 0.46 in a whole year.It can be concluded that average green equivalence values in a year were 0.3 of farmlands,0.34 of garden plots,and 0.33 of grasslands, and the rest values were the same as those computed above.

    Table 1Assessment values of environment protection functions of ecosystems

    Calculation of regional ecological green equivalenceGiven regional area was Stotal,the regional area with optimal forest coverage rate was Sforestland,regional practical area of forestland was Spratical,the area of the ith land was Si,green equivalence was gi,and i represented the type of lands, the following model can be concluded:

    Sforestland=Stotal×R,the green equivalence x was=1;

    Urban practical forestlands green equivalence Xforestland=Spratical/Sforestland× 100%;

    Urban ecology can be evaluated as per the values of x and x.Specifically,x≥x,the standard can be met, or land use structure is required to be adjusted.After adjustment,calculation should be repeated to seek a rational land use optimized model.

    It is notable that the urban greenland coverage rate was determined as per optimal forest coverage rate[14].

    Table 2Green equivalence of farmlands and grasslands in a whole year

    R=(P×Si)/(W×Stotal),where Stotal refers to total area of regional lands (hm2);P refers to maximal precipitation per year(t/hm2);Si=Stotal-(the areas of construction,mining,transportation, water conservancy lands)(hm2);W refers to water-holding capacity of forestlands(t/hm2).

    Measurements and Analysis of green equivalence in Wuhai City

    Introduction of research area

    Wuhai City is a mining city in the west of Inner Mongolia.Located in upper reaches of the Yellow River,it borders Ordos deserts in the east, Alashan Plateau in the west,Yinchuan Plain in the south and Hetao Plain in the north at 106°36′-107°5′E and 39°15′-39°52′N,with average elevations of 1 150 m.With an area of 1 754 km2,Wuhai City has usable lands of 1 282 km2,including arable lands of 200 km2,without consideration of high mountains or bare lands.At present, 70 km2agricultural lands have been exploited and construction lands in the city reach 55.8 km2.Wuhai City is situated in innerland and has a continental climate,characterized by few snows in winter,dry climate in spring,hot in summer and cool in autumn.The annual mean precipitation is 159.8 mm. The Yellow River flows through 105 km in the city,and average width reaches 250-500,with depth of 2.5-11.6 m and perennial mean runoff of 26.9 billion m3.Wuhai City is divided into three districts,Haibowan District, Hainan District,and Wuda District.The population is 550 000.

    Use of lands in the research area

    As shown in Table 3,land areas in different uses changed significantly during the five years in Wuhai City,of which water conservancy lands changed the most,increasing by 1 423.6 hm2in total,and forestlands also increased by 2 000 hm2.In general,most lands kept growing,except of farmlands.

    Calculation of ecological green equivalence in the research area

    According to Wuhai Meteorological Bureau,Ministry of Land and Resources and Bureau of Statistics,as well as the optimal forest coverage rate of Wuhai City,maximal precipitation was given 990.5 t/hm2in a year, water-holding capacity of forestlands reached 1 904.22 t/hm2per unit area[15]. Furthermore,the best green land coverage rate can be concluded as per previous calculation methods.Crops in Wuhai City were as per single cropping system,and it can be concluded the green equivalence of farmlands was 0.35 and of grasslands was 0.34. As shown in Table 3 and Table 4,regional green equivalence can be computed.

    As shown in Table 4,the ecological green equivalence values in 2005 and 2010 were both lower than 1. Compared with 2005,the equivalence value in Wuhai in 2010 increased a little,and eco-environment improved, but ecological green equivalence still kept below 1,which suggested that regional eco-environment is poor.

    Table 3Land uses in Wuhai City in 2005 and 2010

    Table 4Ecological green equivalence in 2005 and 2010 in Wuhai City

    The optimization scheme of land use structure

    As per A General Plan of Land Use in Wuhai City during 2006-2020 and A General Plan of Wuhai City in 2011-2030,land use structure should be adjusted to optimize ecological service function in Wuhai City,with consideration of land supply and demand in a well-coordinated way.Specifically, as far as land use in Wuhai be concerned,land use structure is hard to be well adjusted in a short term,and land use patterns change little.Therefore,it is necessary to implement afforestation,and extending green lands.For instance,a“green line”can be set,covering urban park,street green lands,greenbelts,nurseries and flower nurseries;large-scale forestlands,water,or wetlands,nature reserve,or other regions playing an active role in urban eco-environment. Besides,green belts can be arranged along the Yellow River,Gandeer River,Bayinsai River,and Nanhecao,or roads in cities,as well as the Beijing-Tibet Expressway and Baotou-Lanzhou Railway.Additionally,green lands should be increased in parts in urban districts.On the other hand,it becomes crucial to intensify land consolidation and reclamation in mining areas.According to statistic works,the lands ready for consolidation(740.22 hm2)or reclamation(1 218.30 hm2)are mainly distributed in Lasengmiao Town,Hainan District,Suhaitu Office and Liangjiagou Office,Wuda District. Therefore,it is of necessity to reinforce land consolidation and reclamation and to take engineering and biological measures in order to restore and improve eco-environment in mining zones and enhance land use rate.

    Through optimization and adjustment,it can be computed that the ecological green equivalence(x)was 1.021.When x/x>1,ecological standards can be met and eco x environment be optimized.

    Conclusions

    On basis of forest coverage rate of ecological green equivalence,different eco-oriented lands were analyzed,especially for ecological service function of farmlands,garden plots and urban green lands,and land use structure in Wuhai City was analyzed and optimized with consideration of number and space,improving land use science and maneuverability. With serious environment problems,it is urgent to make full use of land ecological service functions and improve regional environment capacity to reach economic,social and environment coordinated development.However,the application of ecological green equivalence in reflecting regional eco x environment quality is still limited,for unused lands and water can not be quantified.

    [1]CAI YL(蔡云龍).Land use/cover change: to explore new comprehensive ways(土地利用/土地覆被變化研究:尋求新的綜合途徑)[J].Geographical Research(地理研究),2001,20(6):645-652

    [2]HUANG XJ(黃賢金).Changes and response of urban land us:model construction and empirical research(城市土地利用變化及其響應(yīng):模型構(gòu)建與實證研究)[M].Science Press(科學(xué)出版社). 2008.

    [3]DAILY G C,POLASKY S,GOLDSTEIN J,KAREIVA P M,MOONEY H A,PEJCHAR L,RICKETTS T H,SALZMAN J,SHALLENBERGE R.Ecosystem services in decision making:time to deliver.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2009,7(1):21-28.

    [4]TAKEBAYASHI H,MORIYAMA M.Surface heat budget on green roof and high reflection roof for mitigation of urban heat island.Building and Environment, 2007,42(8):2971-2979.

    [5]http://baike.haosou.com/doc/5189845. html

    [6]KUANG LY(鄺笠塬),RUAN XL(阮心玲).The application of ecological green equivalent on land use structure optimization and example(基于生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量的開封土地利用研究)[J].Heilongjiang Environmental Journal(黑龍江環(huán)境通報),2009,33(3):11-13.

    [7]NI L(倪琳),ZHOU Y(周勇),LIU Y(劉義),et al.A case of Qianjiang city:land utilization structure optimization based on ecological green equivalent(基于生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化研究——以湖北省潛江市為例)[J].Resources& Industries(資源與產(chǎn)業(yè)),2008,10(4): 50-53.

    [8]LIU YJ(劉遠(yuǎn)君),MA HL(馬會玲),MA YG (馬揚(yáng)敢).Assessment on the effects of land use changes on environment in Meizhou city based on ecological green equivalence(基于生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量的梅州市土地利用變化環(huán)境影響評價)[J].Southern Horticulture(南方園藝),2009,20(2): 34-36.

    [9]ZHENG QY(鄭群英),ZHOU SL(周生路),REN K(任奎).An eco-efficiency measurement method of land use structure optimization:a case study in Jiangning district of Nanjing city(土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化生態(tài)效益考量方法研究——以南京江寧區(qū)為例)[J].Resources Science(資源科學(xué)),2009,31(4):634-640.

    [10]LI F(李鋒),WANG RS(王如松). Method and practice for ecological planning of urban green space-Yangzhou city as the case study(城市綠色空間生態(tài)規(guī)劃的方法與實踐—以揚(yáng)州市為例)[J].City Environment And City Ecological(城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài)), 2003,16:46-48.

    [11]ZHANG DP(張德平),LI DZ(李德重), LIU KS(劉克順).Ecological land crucial in land planning(規(guī)劃修編,別落了生態(tài)用地)[J]China Land(中國土地), 2006,(12):26-27

    [12]DENG HB(鄧紅兵),CHEN CD(陳春娣),LIU T(劉聽),et al.Concepts and classification of regional ecological lands(區(qū)域生態(tài)用地的概念和分類)[J] .?Acta Ecologica Sinica(生態(tài)學(xué)報), 2009,3;1519-1524.

    [13]MAO WY(毛文永).Assessments of eco-environment’s effects(生態(tài)環(huán)境影響評價概論)[M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press(北京:中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社),1998.

    [14]GONG YB(宮淵波),ZHANG J(張健), CHEN LW(陳林武).Study on forest coverage of the optimum forest protective effect of a country(四川盆地低山丘陵區(qū)縣級最佳防護(hù)效益森林覆蓋率定量研究)[J].Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University(四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報), 1996,14(2):231-236.

    [15]GUO CF(郭城峰),QIN FC(秦富倉), YUE YJ(岳永杰).Study on water storage ability of forest soil in watershed in Aohan county(敖漢旗小流域典型林地土壤蓄水能力研究)[J].Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology(內(nèi)蒙古林業(yè)科技),2009,35(2):6-9

    Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

    Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

    基于生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量的烏海市土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)研究

    李萍1,2,孫泰森1*
    (1.山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)環(huán)境與資源學(xué)院,山西太谷030801;2.山西大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究所,山西太原030006)

    基于生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量的理論,構(gòu)建土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)模型,利用烏海市2005年和2010年土地利用現(xiàn)狀數(shù)據(jù),測算出烏海市各種用地類型的綠當(dāng)量和區(qū)域總綠當(dāng)量,用以分析生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀。分析結(jié)果表明:①2005年、2010年烏海市生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量都小于1,生態(tài)環(huán)境較差;②優(yōu)化方案需要通過林地、園地、城市綠地及綠化帶的增加來提高土地利用生態(tài)效益。

    生態(tài)綠當(dāng)量;森林覆蓋率;土地利用結(jié)構(gòu);烏海市etc.the lands without green equivalence,involving living space,warehouse land,industrial and mining area, transportation land,land use of irrigation works and some unused lands.

    李萍(1975-),女,山西朔州人,講師,在讀博士生,主要研究土地利用與環(huán)境影響,E-mail:liping0349@163.com。*通訊作者。

    2015-04-04

    修回日期 2015-05-14

    *Corresponding author.E-mail:liping0349@163.com

    Received:April 4,2015 Accepted:May 14,2015

    猜你喜歡
    烏海市李萍當(dāng)量
    烏海市霧對空氣質(zhì)量的影響
    烏海市2020年6月18—19日臭氧污染過程分析
    Tunable wide-angle multi-band mid-infrared linear-to-linear polarization converter based on a graphene metasurface?
    SLA:ErroranalysisofthelearnersinvocationalcollegeundertheBlendedLearningModel
    內(nèi)蒙古烏海市通聯(lián)站站長——靳剛
    寶藏(2017年4期)2017-05-17 03:34:49
    黃河之聲(2016年24期)2016-02-03 09:01:52
    找春天
    內(nèi)蒙古烏海市水權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓項目節(jié)水工程建設(shè)穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)
    中國水利(2015年13期)2015-02-28 15:14:13
    超壓測試方法對炸藥TNT當(dāng)量計算結(jié)果的影響
    環(huán)空附加當(dāng)量循環(huán)密度的計算方法
    斷塊油氣田(2014年5期)2014-03-11 15:33:50
    国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 久久人人爽人人片av| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区 | 亚洲av免费高清在线观看| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 国产 一区精品| av.在线天堂| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| 精品一区二区三区视频在线| 人人澡人人妻人| 大码成人一级视频| 深夜a级毛片| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 欧美人与善性xxx| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 亚洲精品日本国产第一区| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 亚洲一级一片aⅴ在线观看| 深夜a级毛片| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠久久av| 国产成人精品福利久久| 日韩在线高清观看一区二区三区| av线在线观看网站| 国产精品伦人一区二区| 国内精品宾馆在线| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| av天堂中文字幕网| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 黄色怎么调成土黄色| 亚洲怡红院男人天堂| 男女免费视频国产| 色5月婷婷丁香| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| av线在线观看网站| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 免费观看性生交大片5| 男女国产视频网站| 大码成人一级视频| 国内揄拍国产精品人妻在线| 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在| av有码第一页| 国产精品不卡视频一区二区| 成年av动漫网址| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 国模一区二区三区四区视频| 观看美女的网站| 97在线视频观看| 色吧在线观看| 日本色播在线视频| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 久久国产精品大桥未久av | 久久国产乱子免费精品| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 在线播放无遮挡| 午夜视频国产福利| 黄色欧美视频在线观看| 少妇 在线观看| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 色视频在线一区二区三区| 免费av中文字幕在线| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 插逼视频在线观看| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 在线播放无遮挡| 两个人免费观看高清视频 | 免费少妇av软件| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 午夜影院在线不卡| 国产中年淑女户外野战色| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 日本黄色片子视频| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 欧美性感艳星| 精品久久久久久电影网| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 97在线视频观看| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 多毛熟女@视频| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 亚洲av.av天堂| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片 | 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 下体分泌物呈黄色| 亚洲婷婷狠狠爱综合网| 热re99久久国产66热| 国产av国产精品国产| 99久久精品热视频| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区 | 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| av有码第一页| 亚洲经典国产精华液单| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频 | 久久精品久久久久久久性| 欧美日韩av久久| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 我要看黄色一级片免费的| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 9色porny在线观看| 视频中文字幕在线观看| 免费观看性生交大片5| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| av免费在线看不卡| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| av福利片在线| 看非洲黑人一级黄片| 久久国产乱子免费精品| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 亚洲怡红院男人天堂| 中国三级夫妇交换| xxx大片免费视频| 亚洲av福利一区| 视频区图区小说| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 精品国产一区二区久久| 黄片无遮挡物在线观看| 精品久久久久久久久亚洲| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看| 18禁裸乳无遮挡动漫免费视频| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www | 777米奇影视久久| 国产成人精品婷婷| 搡老乐熟女国产| 男男h啪啪无遮挡| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 日本欧美国产在线视频| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 国产精品蜜桃在线观看| 久久99热6这里只有精品| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 亚洲人成网站在线播| tube8黄色片| 久久久久久久久久久丰满| 久久久久久久国产电影| 欧美成人午夜免费资源| tube8黄色片| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 看免费成人av毛片| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 三级国产精品欧美在线观看| freevideosex欧美| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 亚洲精品视频女| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区 | 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 久久久久视频综合| 男女国产视频网站| videossex国产| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 一个人免费看片子| 亚洲精品乱码久久久v下载方式| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 夜夜骑夜夜射夜夜干| 国产视频首页在线观看| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 色94色欧美一区二区| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| 久久热精品热| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线 | 日韩一区二区视频免费看| 人妻一区二区av| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 久久久久国产网址| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 少妇丰满av| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 99久久综合免费| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 国产精品久久久久久久久免| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 午夜免费观看性视频| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 日韩成人伦理影院| 色网站视频免费| 久久99一区二区三区| 22中文网久久字幕| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡 | 尾随美女入室| a级毛片在线看网站| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 精品少妇内射三级| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 赤兔流量卡办理| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 97在线视频观看| 99九九在线精品视频 | 大香蕉久久网| 高清午夜精品一区二区三区| 国产成人精品无人区| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区 | 丰满乱子伦码专区| 天堂8中文在线网| videossex国产| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| a级毛色黄片| 久久久久久久久久久丰满| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 日韩av在线免费看完整版不卡| 视频区图区小说| av一本久久久久| 国产免费一区二区三区四区乱码| 国产成人aa在线观看| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 秋霞伦理黄片| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 日本av免费视频播放| 99久久中文字幕三级久久日本| 久久久国产一区二区| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 亚洲精品第二区| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 蜜桃在线观看..| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 看非洲黑人一级黄片| 日日啪夜夜撸| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 久久综合国产亚洲精品| 美女cb高潮喷水在线观看| 乱系列少妇在线播放| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 我要看日韩黄色一级片| 看免费成人av毛片| 久久久久久久久久久久大奶| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频 | 少妇精品久久久久久久| 免费看不卡的av| 精品一区二区三卡| 国产成人精品福利久久| 国产亚洲5aaaaa淫片| 欧美精品国产亚洲| videossex国产| 嘟嘟电影网在线观看| 日韩电影二区| 亚洲成色77777| 久久国产乱子免费精品| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 大香蕉久久网| 插逼视频在线观看| 熟女电影av网| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 久久久精品94久久精品| 亚洲综合精品二区| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看 | 伊人久久精品亚洲午夜| av网站免费在线观看视频| 精品久久久久久电影网| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 一级毛片我不卡| 乱系列少妇在线播放| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 丰满乱子伦码专区| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 性色av一级| 欧美人与善性xxx| 久久免费观看电影| 一区二区av电影网| 一级二级三级毛片免费看| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 内射极品少妇av片p| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线 | 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 简卡轻食公司| 日韩电影二区| 伊人亚洲综合成人网| 有码 亚洲区| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 一级av片app| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| 亚洲美女黄色视频免费看| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 免费av不卡在线播放| 九色成人免费人妻av| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区 | 亚洲成人手机| 一级爰片在线观看| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 乱码一卡2卡4卡精品| 国内少妇人妻偷人精品xxx网站| 视频中文字幕在线观看| 久久久久久久久久久丰满| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 免费av中文字幕在线| 嘟嘟电影网在线观看| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 多毛熟女@视频| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| tube8黄色片| av.在线天堂| xxx大片免费视频| 国产精品一区www在线观看| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 日本免费在线观看一区| 亚洲欧美精品专区久久| 国产精品免费大片| 久久久久精品性色| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 国产成人一区二区在线| 欧美亚洲 丝袜 人妻 在线| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 国产精品一区www在线观看| 国产爽快片一区二区三区| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 日本午夜av视频| 99九九在线精品视频 | 欧美人与善性xxx| 亚洲欧美精品专区久久| 综合色丁香网| 晚上一个人看的免费电影| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 嫩草影院入口| 日本91视频免费播放| 国产高清不卡午夜福利| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 欧美 亚洲 国产 日韩一| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 亚洲内射少妇av| 国产 精品1| 97超碰精品成人国产| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 亚洲av不卡在线观看| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 丝袜喷水一区| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 秋霞在线观看毛片| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添av毛片| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区 | 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 国产精品国产三级国产av玫瑰| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 午夜影院在线不卡| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 久久久精品94久久精品| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 国产在视频线精品| 夜夜爽夜夜爽视频| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看| 熟女电影av网| 国产国拍精品亚洲av在线观看| 性色avwww在线观看| 日韩视频在线欧美| av在线观看视频网站免费| 91在线精品国自产拍蜜月| 九九爱精品视频在线观看| 内射极品少妇av片p| 亚洲怡红院男人天堂| 99久国产av精品国产电影| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6| 99久久人妻综合| 亚洲av欧美aⅴ国产| 日韩强制内射视频| 91精品国产九色| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 亚洲av.av天堂| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 久久久久久久久久成人| 成人国产麻豆网| 国产淫片久久久久久久久| 中文资源天堂在线| 亚洲av成人精品一二三区| 在现免费观看毛片| av视频免费观看在线观看| 日日啪夜夜撸| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 观看免费一级毛片| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 视频中文字幕在线观看| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 91久久精品电影网| 少妇的逼好多水| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 看十八女毛片水多多多| 亚洲av福利一区| 99热6这里只有精品| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 色吧在线观看| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 91精品国产九色| 最近中文字幕2019免费版| 有码 亚洲区| 亚洲av综合色区一区| 看十八女毛片水多多多| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 日本午夜av视频| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 亚洲伊人久久精品综合| 国内少妇人妻偷人精品xxx网站| 久久久久人妻精品一区果冻| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看| av有码第一页| 久久久久久久久久久免费av| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人| 中文字幕久久专区| 精品一区二区免费观看| tube8黄色片| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 国产成人精品婷婷| 国产成人午夜福利电影在线观看| 久久久精品94久久精品| 在线精品无人区一区二区三| 免费大片18禁| 岛国毛片在线播放| av不卡在线播放| 久久热精品热| 欧美成人精品欧美一级黄| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 99久久人妻综合| 一级a做视频免费观看| 在线播放无遮挡| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费 | 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6| 久久久久久久久久人人人人人人| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 性色av一级| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 日日啪夜夜爽| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 熟女av电影| 观看美女的网站| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 国产精品成人在线| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线 | 免费观看的影片在线观看| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 久久久久久久国产电影| 啦啦啦在线观看免费高清www| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 午夜福利视频精品| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看 | 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区 | 少妇丰满av| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 久久国产精品大桥未久av | 日韩中字成人| 日本欧美视频一区| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 色网站视频免费| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 成人黄色视频免费在线看| av在线老鸭窝| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 亚洲av二区三区四区| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 日韩视频在线欧美| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 国产精品一区二区性色av| 超碰97精品在线观看| 日韩中文字幕视频在线看片| 麻豆成人av视频| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 国产亚洲5aaaaa淫片| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 99久久综合免费| 欧美精品一区二区大全| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 亚洲内射少妇av| 国产在线免费精品| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 婷婷色综合大香蕉| 日本91视频免费播放| 久久影院123| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 久久这里有精品视频免费| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站 | 国产淫片久久久久久久久| 久久99蜜桃精品久久| 91成人精品电影| 欧美日韩视频高清一区二区三区二| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| 亚洲精品456在线播放app| 久久久久视频综合| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 三级经典国产精品| 51国产日韩欧美| 自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇| videos熟女内射| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 大话2 男鬼变身卡| 极品教师在线视频| 高清av免费在线| 精品酒店卫生间| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频| 天堂8中文在线网| 永久网站在线| 极品教师在线视频| 一级毛片电影观看| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 国产中年淑女户外野战色| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 91精品一卡2卡3卡4卡| 亚洲综合精品二区| 国产精品无大码| 国产免费又黄又爽又色| 国产高清有码在线观看视频| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 自线自在国产av| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久 | 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 亚洲av在线观看美女高潮| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 国产亚洲91精品色在线| 亚洲中文av在线| 亚洲精品第二区| 十分钟在线观看高清视频www | 国国产精品蜜臀av免费| 久久国产精品大桥未久av | 久久久久视频综合| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 免费不卡的大黄色大毛片视频在线观看| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区|