無比較意義的比較結(jié)構(gòu)

先請看以下兩個(gè)句子：

a. Going eastward， you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests， as well as wide rivers and large cities. 一路向東行，你們會(huì)經(jīng)過一座座山脈、上千個(gè)湖泊、森林，還有寬闊的河流和許多大城市。

b. It’s too bad you can’t go as far as Ottawa， Canada’s capital. 很可惜你們不能一直走到加拿大的首都渥太華。

例句a中的詞組as well as，表示“也，和，不僅……而且……”。例句b中的詞組as far as，表示“遠(yuǎn)達(dá)”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)介詞。從形式上看，as well as和as far as都是比較結(jié)構(gòu)，但是卻沒有比較意義。這種無比較意義的比較結(jié)構(gòu)就是本文要講的重點(diǎn)。

英語中有許多表面上是比較結(jié)構(gòu)，而實(shí)際上沒有比較意義的固定詞組。也就是說，一些形容詞和副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)在另外的場合變成了成語，沒有比較意義。這類結(jié)構(gòu)也是近年高考的熱點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)列舉數(shù)例，以饗讀者。

1. as well （as） 表示“除……外還，……和……都，也”。例如：

We can see how English is used in everyday life as well. 我們也可以看到英語在日常生活中是怎樣使用的。

He learns English as well as French. 他學(xué)習(xí)英語和法語。

在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，as well as表示“一樣好”。well多為副詞。

2. as good as 簡直是，幾乎是，事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上，實(shí)質(zhì)上。例如：

He as good as promised me to do it. 他實(shí)際答應(yīng)我去做了。

He was carried out as good as dead. 他剛被抬出來時(shí)，簡直像死了一樣。

在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，as good as 也可表示“一樣好”。good為形容詞。

3. as soon as 表示“一……就……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。例如：

As soon as writing was developed， people carved words on animal bones. 自有文字以后，人們就把文字刻在獸骨上。

as soon as possible 也可表示“盡快”“盡早”。 例如：

Please come back as soon as you can. 請你盡快回來。

4. as/so long as表示“只要，既然”。引導(dǎo)條件、原因狀語從句。例如：

So long as one inch of this deck remains above water， there is hope. 只要甲板還在水面一英寸以上那就還有希望。

as long as也可表示“一樣長”。

5. no sooner than/ but 表示“一……就……”。例如：

No sooner had he arrived than he wrote to me. 他一到那里就給我寫信。

6. as/so far as表示“就……而言”。 例如：

There are no mistakes as far as I can see. 我看沒什么錯(cuò)誤。

as far as 表示“遠(yuǎn)達(dá)，一直到”時(shí)不用so代替第一個(gè)as。例如：

He will go with you as far as the next station.他將一直陪你到下一站。

7. more than表示“不只是，非常，十分”。例如：

Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只用來建房子。

I’m more than happy to take you there in my car. 我非常樂意用我的車帶你去那兒。

8. more...than...表示“與其……不如……”。例如：

It was more the way he said it than what he said that made her displeased. 造成她不愉快的原因，與其說是他所說的話，毋寧說是他的說話方式。

9. no more than 表示“只是，僅僅”。例如：

His whole school education added up to no more than one year. 他的整個(gè)學(xué)校教育加起來不到一年。

10. had better/best表示“最好”。例如：

I thought I had best have your opinion first. 起初我想我還是接受你的看法為好。

11. so much the better在口語中表示“這就更好了”。例如：

If you do it yourself， so much the better. 如果你自己做，那就更好了。

If others follow him， so much the better. 如果其他人跟隨他，那就更好！

12. so much the worse在口語中表示“這就更糟了”。例如：

We are hungry， and if it gets dark， so much the worse. 我們都餓了。等天黑了就更糟了。

13. much less， still less常用否定句，表示“何況，更不用說”。例如：

We do not suspect him of negligence， much less of dishonest. 我們并沒有懷疑他疏忽大意，更不用說懷疑他不誠信。

14. still more， much more常用于肯定句，表示“更加，更多，何況”。例如：

I am sorry for his failure， still more for his ill-health. 我為他的失敗感到遺憾，更為他健康狀況不佳感到惋惜。

15. most of all表示“尤其，特別，格外”。 例如：

I like all kinds of music， but most of all I like classical music. 我喜歡所有的音樂，尤其喜歡古典音樂。

16. once more表示“再，又”。例如：

Could you speak that once more？ 你能重復(fù)一遍嗎？

1. This training program can give you a lift at work， increase your income by 40%.

A. as well as B. so long as

C. so much as D. as soon as

2. The result is not very important to us， but if we do win， then so much .

A. the best B. best

C. better D. the better

3. Just use this room for the time being， and we’ll offer you a larger one it becomes available.

A. as soon as B. unless

C. as far as D. Until

4. Tony can hardly boil an egg， still ， cook dinner.

A. less B. little

C. much D. More

5. You can borrow my car you promise not too fast.

A. unless B. even

C. in case D. as long as