三步快速解閱讀理解題

連世華

讀理解是高考英語的重頭戲，根據(jù)高考閱讀理解的命題原則和思路，本文總結(jié)了快速解題的三個步驟，希望能對考生備戰(zhàn)2015年高考有所幫助。

第一步：瀏覽全文，把握主題與脈絡(luò)

先閱讀文章的第一段、中間段落的第一句以及最后一段。大部分文章的主題都會出現(xiàn)在文章的首段或末段，段落的主題句大都是首句。如果首句沒有說明問題，也可延伸到第二句，通過這種瀏覽式的閱讀，把握文章的主題和結(jié)構(gòu)。

（2014年高考江西卷C篇）Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.

With existing medical knowledge and skills，two-thirds of the worlds 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.

ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft， there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation（合作）among countries.

ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses， who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China， ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province. ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.

For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people； $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13，000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your money can open their eyes to the world. Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.

65. The first paragraph is intended to ______.

A. introduce a new way of reading

B. advise the public to lead a simple life

C. direct the publics attention to the blind

D. encourage the public to use imagination

解析：推理題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句的句意可知，作者是想通過第一段把讀者的注意力吸引到盲人的身上。選C。

69. What can be the best title for the passage？

A. ORBIS in China

B. Fighting Blindness

C. ORBIS Flying Hospital

D. Sight-saving Techniques

解析：主旨大意題。本文在第一段巧妙地通過一個閉眼實驗把我們的注意力吸引到盲人身上，接下來通過講述ORBIS給盲人所做的工作來宣傳ORBIS，最后號召我們?yōu)镺RBIS捐款來幫助更多的盲人。所以，本文實際上是在介紹ORBIS Flying Hospital。選C。

第二步：抓關(guān)鍵詞，準確定位題干

找出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合第一步中已了解的各段主題，找出題干在原文中的位置，給題干準確定位。特別注意段首、段末、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果關(guān)系處及中文提示處，這些地方都是常見的出題點。仔細閱讀題干所在的句子及其前后句，準確理解、對照，并進行合理的推斷，選出答案。

66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world？

A. They are adequate.

B. They have not been updated.

C. They are not equally distributed.

D. They have benefited most of the blind.

解析：推理題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是existing medical knowledge and skills，我們能夠很快定位在第二段的最后一句。結(jié)合句意可知，選C。

67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ______.

A. teaching medical students

B. training doctors and nurses

C. running flying hospitals globally

D. setting up non-profit organizations

解析：細節(jié)題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是help the blind by，我們能夠很快定位在第三段和第四段。結(jié)合句意可知，選B。

68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph？

A. Appeal for donations.

B. Make an advertisement.

C. Promote training programs.

D. Show sympathy for the blind.

解析：推理題。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是in the last paragraph，可以準確定位在末段。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知，作者在呼吁我們?yōu)檫@個項目捐款。選A。

第三步：排除干擾，去偽存真

通過前兩個步驟，考生應(yīng)該能解出大部分題，但有些題的干擾項迷惑性較強，這就需要考生練就一雙火眼金睛去排除干擾，選出正確答案。干擾項往往具有如下特征：

1. 擴縮范圍，以偏概全或過度概括。文章為了表達得準確嚴密，很注意對范圍的限定。有些干擾項通過增加、改變或去掉限定詞，擴大或縮小語言范圍。

2. 偷換概念或張冠李戴。把原來做該事的“張三”換成“李四”，但所述細節(jié)與原文一致。

3. 正誤并存。在某個干擾項中，一部分是正確的，其他部分是錯誤的或表達不全面，正誤并存，命題者借此以假亂真。

4. 把未然當已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài)，如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時，把未發(fā)生的事情當成已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。

5. 推理判斷題中直接陳述原文的選項。

（作者單位：甘肅臨澤縣一中）

（責任編校 彭益）