賴梅
所給提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí),該動(dòng)詞一般是謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞,這3分題大多考生是容易拿到的。筆者就此類題的解法作一總結(jié),與大家分享。
所給提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí),在高考語法填空中通常是一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞和一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞,還有可能是詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。
首先要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),確定所給動(dòng)詞是不是在句子的主語后作謂語。
若是作謂語,應(yīng)考慮:(1)時(shí)態(tài);(2)語態(tài);(3)主謂一致;(4)虛擬語氣。
若是非謂語動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)考慮:
(1)非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(普通的規(guī)律):如果邏輯主語是非謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者用 v-ing形式; 邏輯主語是非謂語動(dòng)作的承受者用v-ed形式;邏輯主語是非謂語動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者但還未發(fā)生(在謂語動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生)用不定式to do。
另外,作目的狀語只能用動(dòng)詞不定式to do;在介詞后只能用v-ing形式。
(2)是否為特別的情感類動(dòng)詞。如,astonish, amaze, annoy, amuse, convince, delight, disappoint, encourage, excite, frighten, interest, please等,它們的-ed與-ing形式可作形容詞,前者是自身感覺,后者是給人的感覺。
(3)考慮固定的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如,be lost in (沉迷于),be seated (坐著),be hidden (躲),be absorbed in (沉溺于),be tired of (對(duì)……厭煩),be concerned about(關(guān)心,掛念),be determined to do (下決心做), be exhausted (=be very tired =be worn out疲憊不堪)等。當(dāng)這些短語作狀語時(shí),常常去掉be用過去分詞作狀語,表主語的狀態(tài)。
即時(shí)練習(xí)
1. Recently, they (build) a new house at this place.
2. The interview only took ten minutes,but it (feel) like hours.
3. All the preparations for the task __________(complete),and were ready to start.
4. Usually,winners ___________(advise) not to publicize their address and phone number, but begging letters still arrive.
5. Mr. Li,our English teacher,treats us as if we _________(be) his own children.
6. With the ___________(arrive) of spring,the Dorritys took the children for an outing.
7. The teachers words were a great ___________ (encourage)to him.
8. On a journey,there are always so many people (meet) and interesting things to see.
9. We read books and used anything we could find
(make)candles to see the words.
10. It was a treasure with gold and jewels, which took the best artists about ten years (make).
11. I was lucky enough to have a chance (make) a trip into space.
12. To be honest,a lot of people attach great importance to
(become) rich and famous.
13. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without
(follow).
14. In the valleys we saw many cows and sheep (eat) green grass.
15. (use)his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
16. There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light.
17. (follow) by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
18. (give) more water, the trees could have grown better.
19. (heat),liquids can be changed into gases.
20. (disappoint) with the result of the experiment, she started a new one.endprint
21. (interest) in the book, he read it once again.
22. We watched, (amaze) as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.
23. (surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
24. He left the place, (determine) never to come back.
25. After the Anti-terrorist War, the American soldiers returned home, safe but (tire).
26. After his journey from abroad, Richard Johns returned home, (exhaust).
27. (lose/absorb) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.
28. (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
29. Along the way children (dress) in long wool coats stopped to look at us.
30. (wear) out after a long walk, Hellen called and said she couldnt come to the party.
31. (tire) of the food, he said nothing and went out.
32. (concern) about his safety, the parents called/rang him.
答案與解析
以下1~7題考查謂語動(dòng)詞與詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
1. have built 在主語they后應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞,“他們建房”,用主動(dòng)語態(tài),又由recently可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2. felt 在主語it后應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞,考慮時(shí)態(tài);由前一并列分句的謂語動(dòng)詞took可知,用一般過去時(shí)。
3. have been completed 因preparations與complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)當(dāng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);又由were ready to start可知,準(zhǔn)備工作已經(jīng)做好了,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);因主語是復(fù)數(shù),故填have been completed。
4. are advised 是advise sb. to do sth.的被動(dòng)式。
5. were 虛擬語氣,用一般過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況。
6. arrival 在介詞或冠詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞。
7. encouragement 在冠詞加形容詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞。
以下8~19題屬上述非謂語動(dòng)詞的第(1)條。
8. to meet 這是there be句型,are是謂語動(dòng)詞,meet是非謂語動(dòng)詞;many people與meet是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,又是未來發(fā)生的,即“要見”,故填to meet。
9. to make 作目的狀語,只能用動(dòng)詞不定式。
10. to make 表示“某人做某事花了多長時(shí)間”用take sb. some time to do sth.句型。
11. to make 句中已有謂語was lucky,所給的make應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞,作chance的定語,用動(dòng)詞不定式,表示“太空旅行的機(jī)會(huì)”。
12. becoming 在attach great importance to (重視)中的to是介詞,介詞后只能用v-ing形式。
13. being followed 在介詞后用v-ing形式;follow的邏輯主語Freddy and his band與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,意為“弗雷迪和他的樂隊(duì)走到哪里都會(huì)有人跟隨”,故用v-ing的被動(dòng)式。
14. eating 已有謂語動(dòng)詞saw,括號(hào)中的eat應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞;eat的邏輯主語cows and sheep與eat是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填eating。
15. Using 因已有謂語動(dòng)詞are producing,所給動(dòng)詞use應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞;因use的邏輯主語farmers與use是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用v-ing形式。
16. following 本句是there be句型,follow是非謂語動(dòng)詞;其邏輯主語a terrible noise與follow是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用v-ing形式。
17. Followed 句中inspected是謂語動(dòng)詞,follow應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞;因Napoleon與follow是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用v-ed形式。
18. Given 句中could have grown為謂語,give應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞;因其邏輯主語the trees與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞。
19. Heated 句中can be changed是謂語,heat是非謂語;其邏輯主語liquids與heat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用v-ed形式。
以下20~23題屬上述非謂語動(dòng)詞的第(2)條。
20. Disappointed 因disappoint是情感類動(dòng)詞,指邏輯主語she自身的感覺,即“她感到失望”,故用v-ed形式。
21. Interested 因interest是情感類動(dòng)詞,指邏輯主語I自身的感覺,即“我對(duì)這本書感興趣”,故用v-ed形式。
22. amazed 因amaze是情感類動(dòng)詞,指邏輯主語we自身的感覺,即“我們感到驚奇”,故用v-ed形式。
23. Surprised 因surprise是情感類動(dòng)詞,指邏輯主語Tony自身的感覺,即“Tony感到驚奇”,故用v-ed形式。
以下24~32題屬上述非謂語動(dòng)詞的第(3)條。
24. determined 是be determined to do結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be,用determined即可。
25. tired 是be tired結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be就可以了。safe and tired相當(dāng)于and they were safe but tired。
26. exhausted 是be exhausted (=be very tired疲憊不堪)結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
27. Lost / Absorbed 是be absorbed /lost in結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
28. Dressed 是be dressed in結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
29. dressed 是be dressed in結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可,分詞作定語。
30. Worn 是be worn out結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
31. Tired 是be tired of結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
32. Concerned 是be concerned about結(jié)構(gòu),去掉be即可。
(作者單位:茂名市電白區(qū)水東中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint