趣談定語后置

韓天福

定語后置是初中英語教學(xué)的重難點(diǎn)之一，從近幾年的中考題型來看，這一考點(diǎn)所占分值呈逐年上升趨勢(shì)，然而，有不少同學(xué)對(duì)這一考點(diǎn)掌握得不夠熟練，以下內(nèi)容也許能為你指點(diǎn)迷津。

一、形容詞作定語修飾something， nothing， anything， everything等不定代詞時(shí)須置于不定代詞之后；形容詞短語作定語修飾名詞時(shí)須后置。

例如：

1. Keep quiet！I have something important to tell you.

（請(qǐng)安靜！我有一些重要的事情要告訴你們。）

2. Look， the old woman is carrying a basket full of apples to walk to the supermarket.

Look， the old woman is walking to the supermarket with a basket full of apples in her arm.

（瞧，那位老大娘提著一籃子蘋果正往超市里走。）

二、有些形容詞，如nearly，alive，alone，old last，enough等，以及表示長、寬、高、深等度量的形容詞修飾名詞需后置；here，there，home，upstairs，downstairs，below，above 等副詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí)須后置；

例如：

1. The old man lives in the village nearby.

（那位老大爺住在附近的村子里。）

2. Who is the happiest man alive in the modern society？

（當(dāng)今社會(huì)誰是最幸福的人？）

3. This is a road 20 meters wide.

（這是一條20米寬的公路。）

4. She is a girl of 16 years old.

（她是一個(gè)16歲的姑娘。）

【注1】當(dāng)表示度量的短語放在名詞前面時(shí)，表示量的名詞須用單數(shù)形式，且數(shù)詞、量詞與形容詞之間須加連字符。如上面的例句3和例句4可分別譯作：

That is a ten-meter-wide road.

She is a sixteen-year-old girl.

【注2】但少數(shù)形容詞，如 nearby，enough等，修飾名詞時(shí)既可置于名詞之前，也可置于名詞之后，如：a hometown nearby，a nearby hometown。

We have enough time （time enough） to finish solving the math problems.

例如：

Read the passage below and answer the following questions.

（閱讀下面的短文回答下列問題。）

The girl saw the traffic accident happen when she was walking past the corner of the road on her way home.

（那個(gè)姑娘在回家的路上路過公路拐角處時(shí)目睹了那起車禍發(fā)生的經(jīng)過。）

三、副詞短語作定語修飾名詞時(shí)須后置；else除修飾不定代詞要后置之外，修飾疑問代詞who， whom， whose， what， which和when， where， why， how等疑問副詞時(shí)要后置。

例如：

1. He pointed to the high mountain far away and said， “That is my hometown”.

（他指著遠(yuǎn)處的那座高山說：“那就是我的家鄉(xiāng)”。）

2. —Who else will help you with your English this evening？

（今晚誰教你學(xué)英語？）

—Nobody else. Ill teach myself.

（沒有人。我自學(xué)。）

四、基數(shù)詞用于表示事物的順序時(shí)要后置；介詞短語作定語限制名詞時(shí)要后置。

例如：

1. Please turn to page fifty-six and read after me.

（請(qǐng)翻到56頁跟我讀。）

2. The girl in / wearing the light yellow skirt and a pair of dark glasses is our monitor.

（那個(gè)穿著淺黃色裙子、戴著一副深色眼鏡的姑娘是我們的班長。）

五、動(dòng)詞不定式及不定式短語作定語時(shí)要后置；分詞短語作定語時(shí)也要后置。

例如：

1. The best time to visit the Wudang Mountain is in spring or autumn.

（來武當(dāng)山參觀的最好時(shí)間是春季或秋季。）

2. Our class has a very excellent English teacher called / named / with the name of Han Mei.

（今天我們班有一名非常優(yōu)秀的英語老師，名字叫韓梅。）

【練一練】根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示，完成下面的句子。

1. The farmers live in a rural area，

（美麗而又有趣的地方）.

2. Could you tell me （關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)英語的重要性嗎）？

3. The math problems are （對(duì)于我們來說夠難） to work out in 30 minutes.

4. Are you able to retell （上面的課文） and find out main language points？

5. The girls join the English club （經(jīng)常）.

6. The boss often pays his staff （很高的薪水）.

7. Where else will you travel next weekend？

（哪兒也不去）.

8. The children （穿著漂亮的衣服） are on the spring festival.

9. We have something important （完成） today.

10. She likes reading the novels （茅盾寫的）.

11. The man （站在窗戶旁邊） is our English teacher.

12. The young man is at most （30歲出頭）.

【參考答案】

1. somewhere beautiful and interesting

2. something important on / the importance of learning English

3. difficult enough for us

4. the text above

5. quite often

6. very well

7. Nowhere else

8. in beautiful clothes

9. to finish

10. written by Mao Dun

11. standing at the window

12. in his early thirties