鐘文軍+劉圣林+李博+劉源
【摘要】目的探究并分析C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響。方法研究對(duì)象來(lái)自本院心內(nèi)科2011年8月~2013年8月收治的90例急性心肌梗死患者, 測(cè)定患者C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6和IL-18水平。分析C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響。結(jié)果觀察組患者C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-18和IL-6水平明顯高于對(duì)照組患者, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者再發(fā)心血管事件率(13.33%)明顯高于對(duì)照組患者的(2.22%), 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.873, P<0.05)。結(jié)論C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18在急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者中顯著升高, 糖尿病明顯增加心血管事件再發(fā)概率。
【關(guān)鍵詞】急性心肌梗死;IL-6;IL-18急性心肌梗死是心內(nèi)科最常見(jiàn)疾病之一, 具有病情不穩(wěn)定、病情進(jìn)展快、并發(fā)癥多和死亡率高等特點(diǎn), 嚴(yán)重危及患者的性命。為此, 尋找出影響急性心肌梗死再發(fā)心血管事件的預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)因子具有重要的臨床意義。本研究作者分析C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響, 現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1資料與方法
1. 1一般資料選擇本院心內(nèi)科2011年8月~2013年8月收治的90例急性心肌梗死患者為研究對(duì)象。其中, 男44例, 女46例, 年齡為45~67歲, 平均年齡為(54.75±9.29)歲。入選條件:①患者均符合WHO關(guān)于急性心肌梗死的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②患者無(wú)聽(tīng)力、智力、言語(yǔ)、言語(yǔ)交流障礙;③ 患者自愿參加本次研究, 并簽署書(shū)面知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者合并炎癥、結(jié)締組織疾病、腫瘤、創(chuàng)傷、痛風(fēng)或腎臟疾病等軀體疾病;②患者近期應(yīng)用激素史;③患者長(zhǎng)期口服激素類藥物及甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)癥、庫(kù)欣氏綜合征等影響糖代謝的其他疾病; ④患者不愿意參加本次研究。
1. 2方法
1. 2. 1資料收集方法入院后, 患者于第2天晨起抽取靜脈血測(cè)定空腹血糖, 根據(jù)患者血糖檢查的結(jié)果將其分為兩組:未合并糖尿病組(對(duì)照組):血糖≤7.0 mmol/L;合并糖尿病組(觀察組):血糖>7.0 mmol/L或既往確診糖尿病者, 患者根據(jù)次日清晨空腹血糖水平結(jié)合既往是否明確診斷糖尿病(符合1999年WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn))。并觀察兩組患者住院期間心血管事件發(fā)生情況。同時(shí), 采用自編問(wèn)卷收集兩組患者包括年齡、性別、高血壓、高血脂、入院時(shí)心功能情況、發(fā)病至就診時(shí)間、心肌梗死部位、CK峰值、CK-MB峰值、住院天數(shù)、吸煙史、等在內(nèi)的一般臨床資料。
1. 2. 2C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18檢測(cè)方法所有患者均在入院后24 h內(nèi)進(jìn)行 C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18的檢測(cè), 采集患者空腹靜脈血, 并分離血清, 將其置于-70℃以備用。采用雙抗體夾心ABC-ELISA法測(cè)定細(xì)胞因子。檢測(cè)步驟見(jiàn)如下:①收集樣本:將其置于冰箱中-70℃冷凍保存。血清做1:2倍稀釋。②配置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品液:配置成4000 ng/ml的溶液, 設(shè)置8管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管, 每管加入300 μl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稀釋液, 第1管加入300 μl 4000 ng/ml標(biāo)本品液, 混勻, 用加樣器吸出300 μl轉(zhuǎn)移至第2管, 如此反復(fù)對(duì)比稀釋, 直到從第7管吸出300 μl棄去, 第8管為空白對(duì)照。用蒸餾水作1:10倍稀釋。用重蒸水1:20倍稀釋來(lái)配置洗滌液。③加樣:每孔加入100 μl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品或者待測(cè)樣品, 等待反應(yīng)板充分混均勻, 置于37℃水浴箱120 min。④洗板:用洗滌液充分洗滌6次反應(yīng)板, 再在濾紙上印干。⑤每孔中加入100 μl第一抗體工作液, 等待反應(yīng)板充分混勻, 置于37℃水浴箱60 min。然后, 重復(fù)洗板。每個(gè)孔加入100 μl抗體工作液, 等待反應(yīng)板充分混勻, 置于37℃水浴箱30 min。然后, 重復(fù)洗板。每孔加入100 μl底物工作液, 等待反應(yīng)板充分混勻, 置于37℃水浴箱15 min。⑥再在每孔中加入100 μl終止液混勻并且30 min內(nèi)用酶標(biāo)儀在450 nm處測(cè)吸光值。
1. 3觀察指標(biāo)觀察兩組患者C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18水平和再發(fā)心血管事件(充血性心力衰竭、嚴(yán)重心律失常、梗死后心絞痛、心源性休克、心源性死亡等)。
1. 4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析, 計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差( x-±s)表示, 采用t檢驗(yàn), 計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義, 雙側(cè)檢驗(yàn)。
2結(jié)果
2. 1兩組患者C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-18和IL-6比較觀察組患者C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-18和IL-6水平明顯高于對(duì)照組, 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。詳見(jiàn)表1。
2. 2兩組患者再發(fā)心血管事件比較觀察組患者再發(fā)心血管事件率(13.33%)明顯高于對(duì)照組患者的(2.22%), 差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.873, P<0.05)。詳見(jiàn)表2。
3討論
早在Datey K觀察到急性心肌梗死常合并血糖升高的現(xiàn)象[1]。研究表明:應(yīng)激性高血糖與急性心肌梗死患者并發(fā)癥及病死率密切相關(guān)[2]。在急性心肌梗死患者中普遍存在高血糖現(xiàn)象。急性心肌梗死后高血糖是一種應(yīng)激反應(yīng), 多次短暫的心肌缺血和再灌注能夠顯著提高急性心肌梗死患者心肌對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)缺血和再灌注損傷的耐受能力, 但是, 當(dāng)急性心肌梗死患者心肌缺血時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)以致于超過(guò)缺血預(yù)適應(yīng)或缺血預(yù)處理域值時(shí), 急性心肌梗死患者心肌出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞內(nèi)鉀離子外移, 使得急性心肌梗死患者細(xì)胞外鉀離子濃度增高而造成缺血區(qū)和心內(nèi)膜下心肌釋放大量的兒茶酚胺, 胰島素的分泌受到抑制而使得血糖增高[3]。高血糖是獨(dú)立于糖尿病之外的影響心血管疾病發(fā)生、發(fā)展的預(yù)測(cè)因子, 減慢血管內(nèi)皮損傷后修復(fù), 血小板易于黏附和聚集, 增加動(dòng)脈壁易損性, 加劇管壁炎癥, 促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生和發(fā)展, 影響急性心肌梗死預(yù)后[4]。
既往研究表明[2], 無(wú)論有無(wú)確診為糖尿病, 如果患者24 h的平均血糖和住院期間血糖≥6.7~8.0 mmol/L則大大增加患者短期死亡概率[5]。Capes等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn):急性心肌梗死伴高血糖患者病死率及心力衰竭發(fā)生率顯著高于血糖正常者。這些結(jié)果在急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征患者中同樣適用。Diaz研究結(jié)果[7]則認(rèn)為持續(xù)性高血糖對(duì)急性心肌梗死的預(yù)后有重要預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。糖尿病與非糖尿病患者住院期間血糖水平和病死率之間相關(guān)性曲線特點(diǎn)明顯不同, 在血糖≥6.6 mmol/L時(shí), 非糖尿病患者入院血糖和病死率相關(guān)性曲線開(kāi)始變得陡峭, 但是, 糖尿病患者中相應(yīng)曲線比較低平, ≥11.1 mmol/L則死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著升高[8, 9]。
C反應(yīng)蛋白是一種急性時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白, 和患者的炎癥程度相關(guān)。通過(guò)檢測(cè)C反應(yīng)蛋白能夠更好地了解炎癥變化在動(dòng)脈硬化中起到的作用, 因此, 急性心肌梗死患者其C反應(yīng)蛋白往往明顯升高, C反應(yīng)蛋白升高水平與患者冠狀動(dòng)脈梗阻程度、冠心病終末事件及預(yù)后、充血性心力衰竭程度等均有顯著相關(guān)性, 可以作為預(yù)測(cè)心腦血管疾病的危險(xiǎn)因子[10]。
冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的患者中, 循環(huán) IL-18 水平、IL-18 基因多態(tài)性與心血管疾病死亡率有關(guān)。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為:既往健康的人群 IL-18水平增加與心血管疾病有關(guān)[11]。但是, 另外也有學(xué)者認(rèn)為:增加IL-6水平和C反應(yīng)蛋白與冠脈事件有關(guān)[12], 與IL-18無(wú)相關(guān)性[12]。目前, 普遍認(rèn)為在代謝綜合征患者中IL-18水平增加能夠預(yù)測(cè)心血管事件發(fā)生概率[13]。代謝綜合征亞組IL-18水平是唯一能夠預(yù)測(cè)心血管死亡率的細(xì)胞因子, 在調(diào)整C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6和纖維蛋白原等傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素后結(jié)果同樣能夠得出IL-18水平是唯一能夠預(yù)測(cè)心血管死亡率的細(xì)胞因子的結(jié)論[14]。
endprint
總之, C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18等很多生化指標(biāo)對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響。本研究作者擬選擇更多的生化指標(biāo)在臨床上進(jìn)行更大樣本的研究, 以提高評(píng)估急性心肌梗死預(yù)后評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性, 以指導(dǎo)臨床實(shí)踐, 準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)患者的預(yù)后, 采用針對(duì)性的預(yù)防干預(yù)措施來(lái)改善患者的預(yù)后。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Datey K K, Nanda N C. Hyperglycemia after acute myocardial infarction: Its relation to diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med, 1967, 276(5):262-265.
[2] Kosiborod M, Rathore S S, Inzucchi S E, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation, 2005, 111(23):3078-3086
[3] 任引竹.急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者入院血糖水平對(duì)住院期間發(fā)生不良心血管事件的影響.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心腦血管病雜志, 2010, 8(12):1446-1447.
[4] Marfella R, Di Filippo C, Portoghese M, et al. Tight glycemic control reduces heart inflammation and remodeling during acute myocardial infarction in hyperglycemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009, 53(16):1425-1436.
[5] 索傳濤, 郭家娟, 王策.2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死早期診斷對(duì)臨床預(yù)后的影響.中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志, 2011, 31(11):2086-2087.
[6] Capes S E, Hunt D Malmberg K, et al. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet, 2000, 355(9206):773-778.
[7] Diaz R, Goyal A, Mehta S R, et al. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.JAMA, 2007, 298(20):2399-2405.
[8] Kosiborod M, Inzucchi S E, Krumholz H M, et al. Glucometrics in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: defining the optimal outcomes-based measure of risk. Circulation, 2008, 117(8):1018-1027.
[9] Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, et al. Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Circulation, 2005, 111(6):754-760.
[10] 楊勝利, 何秉賢.C反應(yīng)蛋白與冠心病.中華心血管病雜志, 2008, 29(3):187-188.
[11] Everett BM, Bansal S, Rifai N, et al.Interleukin-18 and the risk of future cardiovascular disease among initially healthy women.Atherosclerosis, 2009, 202(1):282-288.
[12] Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Baumert J, et al. Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 but not IL-18 are independently associated with incident coronary events in middle-aged men and women: Results from the MONI-CA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2006, 26(12):2745-2751.
[13] Grisoni ML, Proust C, Alanne M, et al. Lack of association between polymorphisms of the IL18R1 and IL18RAP genes and cardiovascular risk: the MORGAM Project. BMC Med Genet, 2009, 10(1):44.
[14] Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, et al. Impact of inflammatory markers on cardiovascular mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome.Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 2008, 15(3):278-284.
[收稿日期:2014-04-04]
endprint
總之, C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18等很多生化指標(biāo)對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響。本研究作者擬選擇更多的生化指標(biāo)在臨床上進(jìn)行更大樣本的研究, 以提高評(píng)估急性心肌梗死預(yù)后評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性, 以指導(dǎo)臨床實(shí)踐, 準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)患者的預(yù)后, 采用針對(duì)性的預(yù)防干預(yù)措施來(lái)改善患者的預(yù)后。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] Datey K K, Nanda N C. Hyperglycemia after acute myocardial infarction: Its relation to diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med, 1967, 276(5):262-265.
[2] Kosiborod M, Rathore S S, Inzucchi S E, et al. Admission glucose and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: implications for patients with and without recognized diabetes. Circulation, 2005, 111(23):3078-3086
[3] 任引竹.急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者入院血糖水平對(duì)住院期間發(fā)生不良心血管事件的影響.中西醫(yī)結(jié)合心腦血管病雜志, 2010, 8(12):1446-1447.
[4] Marfella R, Di Filippo C, Portoghese M, et al. Tight glycemic control reduces heart inflammation and remodeling during acute myocardial infarction in hyperglycemic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009, 53(16):1425-1436.
[5] 索傳濤, 郭家娟, 王策.2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死早期診斷對(duì)臨床預(yù)后的影響.中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志, 2011, 31(11):2086-2087.
[6] Capes S E, Hunt D Malmberg K, et al. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet, 2000, 355(9206):773-778.
[7] Diaz R, Goyal A, Mehta S R, et al. Glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.JAMA, 2007, 298(20):2399-2405.
[8] Kosiborod M, Inzucchi S E, Krumholz H M, et al. Glucometrics in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction: defining the optimal outcomes-based measure of risk. Circulation, 2008, 117(8):1018-1027.
[9] Suleiman M, Hammerman H, Boulos M, et al. Fasting glucose is an important independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study. Circulation, 2005, 111(6):754-760.
[10] 楊勝利, 何秉賢.C反應(yīng)蛋白與冠心病.中華心血管病雜志, 2008, 29(3):187-188.
[11] Everett BM, Bansal S, Rifai N, et al.Interleukin-18 and the risk of future cardiovascular disease among initially healthy women.Atherosclerosis, 2009, 202(1):282-288.
[12] Koenig W, Khuseyinova N, Baumert J, et al. Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 but not IL-18 are independently associated with incident coronary events in middle-aged men and women: Results from the MONI-CA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2006, 26(12):2745-2751.
[13] Grisoni ML, Proust C, Alanne M, et al. Lack of association between polymorphisms of the IL18R1 and IL18RAP genes and cardiovascular risk: the MORGAM Project. BMC Med Genet, 2009, 10(1):44.
[14] Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, et al. Impact of inflammatory markers on cardiovascular mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome.Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 2008, 15(3):278-284.
[收稿日期:2014-04-04]
endprint
總之, C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6、IL-18等很多生化指標(biāo)對(duì)急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者再發(fā)心血管事件的影響。本研究作者擬選擇更多的生化指標(biāo)在臨床上進(jìn)行更大樣本的研究, 以提高評(píng)估急性心肌梗死預(yù)后評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性, 以指導(dǎo)臨床實(shí)踐, 準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)患者的預(yù)后, 采用針對(duì)性的預(yù)防干預(yù)措施來(lái)改善患者的預(yù)后。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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[14] Espinola-Klein C, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, et al. Impact of inflammatory markers on cardiovascular mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome.Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil, 2008, 15(3):278-284.
[收稿日期:2014-04-04]
endprint