張曉琳 范光忠 葉樹(shù)波
準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)后角膜后表面非球面性的變化
張曉琳 范光忠 葉樹(shù)波
準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù);角膜后表面;非球面性
目的探討準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)后角膜后表面非球面性的變化。方法選取2012年3月至2013年3月于我院接受準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)治療的近視患者120例,均選右眼進(jìn)行研究,分別于術(shù)前、術(shù)后1個(gè)月及術(shù)后6個(gè)月采用Pentacam系統(tǒng)檢查患者角膜后表面在6 mm、7 mm、8 mm、9 mm等不同直徑下的Q值(Q6、Q7、Q8、Q9),并檢測(cè)術(shù)前中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)和術(shù)中激光切削深度(ablation depth,AD)。結(jié)果術(shù)后1個(gè)月,所有患者角膜后表面Q值均高于術(shù)前Q值,其中術(shù)后Q6、Q7、Q8與術(shù)前比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05),而Q9與術(shù)前比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6月,所有患者Q值均低于術(shù)前,但只有行LASIK患者Q9與術(shù)前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.017),其余與術(shù)前比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05);術(shù)后6個(gè)月所有患者角膜后表面Q值均較術(shù)后1個(gè)月明顯有所下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。所有患者手術(shù)前后Q值變化與CCT和AD均無(wú)明顯的相關(guān)性(均為P>0.05)。結(jié)論準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)后早期能影響角膜后表面的非球面性,Q值增大,后逐漸恢復(fù)至術(shù)前水平。
[眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(4):364-365,368]
隨著準(zhǔn)分子激光屈光手術(shù)的不斷應(yīng)用和推廣,讓大部分患者恢復(fù)了夢(mèng)寐以求的良好視力,但也出現(xiàn)了手術(shù)所致的不良反應(yīng),如眩光、光暈等,影響其最終療效[1]。針對(duì)手術(shù)前后角膜前表面的形態(tài)和功能變化已有相當(dāng)多的研究[2],但有關(guān)角膜后表面的形態(tài)學(xué)研究還比較少。隨著研究的深入,學(xué)者們對(duì)角膜后表面的認(rèn)識(shí)越來(lái)越深刻,逐漸意識(shí)到屈光手術(shù)后近期和遠(yuǎn)期的不良反應(yīng)、并發(fā)癥等可以通過(guò)對(duì)角膜后表面的形態(tài)和功能學(xué)研究來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)和判斷[3-4]。本研究采用Pentacam系統(tǒng)對(duì)近視患者屈光手術(shù)后角膜后表面形態(tài)學(xué)變化進(jìn)行檢查分析,以期為術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的預(yù)防提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料選取2012年3月至2013年3月于我院接受準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)治療的近視患者120例,均選右眼進(jìn)行研究,其中男50例,女70例,年齡(24.36±5.01)歲,球鏡度(-4.53±1.12)D,柱鏡度(-0.60±0.51)D。62例接受LASIK手術(shù),58例接受Epi-LASIK。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患者術(shù)前無(wú)活動(dòng)性眼部疾患,術(shù)前需停止配戴角膜接觸鏡2周以上。排除眼部其他器質(zhì)性病變,排除嚴(yán)重心、肝、肺、腎等重要臟器功能不全疾病。
1.2檢查方法分別于術(shù)前、術(shù)后1個(gè)月、6個(gè)月應(yīng)用Pentacam系統(tǒng)(德國(guó)OculusGmbH公司)對(duì)入組手術(shù)治療的患者進(jìn)行檢查分析,記錄角膜后表面在6 mm、7 mm、8 mm、9 mm等不同直徑下的Q值(Q6、Q7、Q8、Q9),并檢測(cè)術(shù)前中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)和術(shù)中激光切削深度(ablation depth,AD)。
2.1手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值比較手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值變化見(jiàn)表1和表2。從表1、表2可知,術(shù)后1個(gè)月,所有患者角膜后表面Q值均高于術(shù)前,其中術(shù)后Q6、Q7、Q8與術(shù)前比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05),而Q9與術(shù)前比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后6個(gè)月,所有患者Q值均低于術(shù)前,但只有行LASIK患者Q9與術(shù)前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.017),其余與術(shù)前比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05);術(shù)后6個(gè)月所有患者角膜后表面Q值均較術(shù)后1個(gè)月明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。
表1 行LASIK患者手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值變化Table 1 Changes of preoperative and postoperative Q value on corneal posterior surface in patients with LASIK(±s)
2.2角膜后表面Q值變化與CCT、AD之間的關(guān)系以術(shù)后1個(gè)月數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),采用直線相關(guān)分析手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值變化(△Q)與CCT、AD的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),所有患者手術(shù)前后Q值變化(△Q)與CCT和AD均無(wú)明顯的相關(guān)性(均為P>0.05,見(jiàn)表3)。
表2 行Epi-LASIK患者手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值變化Table 2 Changes of preoperative and postoperative Q value on corneal posterior surface in patients with Epi-LASIK
表3 手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值變化(△Q)與CCT、AD的相關(guān)性Table 3 Correlation between Q value changes before and after surgery (△Q)with CCT and AD
準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)對(duì)角膜組織進(jìn)行適度、適量切削,改變角膜前表面的橢球形狀,促使其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸馇蛐?,從而降低角膜屈光力,矯正屈光不正[5]。但也正由于手術(shù)的原因,角膜組織受切削后,尤其是術(shù)中切削過(guò)多的情況下,角膜組織會(huì)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地變薄,再加上術(shù)后患者眼壓或多或少的變化,都有可能會(huì)影響到角膜后表面非球面性的改變,如能早期了解術(shù)后患者角膜后表面形態(tài)變化,對(duì)于預(yù)測(cè)術(shù)后是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)繼發(fā)性角膜擴(kuò)張等有著積極的意義[6]。
Pentacam作為一種新型角膜地形圖系統(tǒng),能夠更準(zhǔn)確地描繪角膜后表面的真實(shí)形態(tài)。不同于傳統(tǒng)的高度值等指標(biāo),用Q值來(lái)描述非球面系數(shù),能對(duì)角膜后表面的特性進(jìn)行更為整體化的非球面性分析[7]。屈光手術(shù)中,激光切削角膜組織以后,角膜基質(zhì)的減少必然會(huì)使得剩余基質(zhì)間的張力降低,繼而板層必會(huì)受到周邊組織(角膜基質(zhì))對(duì)其產(chǎn)生的牽拉力,再結(jié)合術(shù)后患者眼壓的變化,最終的結(jié)果就是角膜后表面向扁球形發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致了患者角膜后表面的形態(tài)學(xué)改變[8]。本研究利用Pentacam系統(tǒng)對(duì)屈光手術(shù)后角膜后表面不同區(qū)域的非球面形態(tài)變化進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果顯示,無(wú)論是實(shí)施LASIK手術(shù)或是Epi-LASIK手術(shù),術(shù)后1個(gè)月角膜后表面的Q值均有所增加,即角膜后表面術(shù)后1個(gè)月較術(shù)前變得更扁平;而至術(shù)后6個(gè)月時(shí),所有患者Q值均低于術(shù)前,但只有行LASIK患者Q9與術(shù)前比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.017),其余與術(shù)前比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P>0.05);術(shù)后6個(gè)月所有患者角膜后表面Q值均較術(shù)后1個(gè)月明顯有所下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均為P<0.05)。說(shuō)明隨著角膜手術(shù)所致創(chuàng)面的愈合,基質(zhì)膠原纖維結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)術(shù)前的連續(xù)性和完整性,角膜后表面的Q值基本已降至或低于術(shù)前水平,提示患者術(shù)后6個(gè)月角膜后表面的形態(tài)穩(wěn)定性已與術(shù)前差異不大,這也與Smadja等[9]研究結(jié)果基本一致。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,行LASIK與EPI-LASIK患者手術(shù)前后角膜后表面Q值的變化與CCT、AD并無(wú)明顯的相關(guān)性,提示屈光手術(shù)切削深度和剩余基質(zhì)床厚度并未對(duì)角膜后表面Q值產(chǎn)生明顯的影響[10]。
綜上所述,準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)早期能夠使得原本大致呈橢球形的角膜后表面形態(tài)向扁球形發(fā)展(即后表面Q值增加),而術(shù)后6個(gè)月角膜后表面的形態(tài)又會(huì)逐漸發(fā)生適應(yīng)性改變,最終與術(shù)前水平保持一致。
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date:Oct 27,2013
Changes of corneal posterior surface asphericity after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery
ZHANG Xiao-Lin,FAN Guang-Zhong,YE Shu-Bo
excimer laser corneal refractive surgery; corneal posterior surface; asphericity
Objective To analyze the changes of asphericity of corneal posterior surface after excimer laser corneal refractive surgery.Methods Clinical data of patients who received excimer laser corneal refractive surgery at our hospital from March 2012 to March 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, the right eyes of all patients were chosen for study, the Q values of corneal posterior surface under pupil diameter with 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm were examined by Pentacam at post-operation and postoperative 1 month, 6 months, the preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT)and intraoperative ablation depth (AD)were also detected.Results At postoperative 1 month, the Q values of corneal posterior surface in all patients were higher than pre-operation, there were statistical differences in Q6, Q7 and Q8 compared with pre-operation (allP<0.05), and no statistical difference in Q9 (P>0.05). At postoperative 6 months, the Q values of all patients were lower than pre-operation, but the difference was statistically significant only in Q9 (P=0.017). The Q values of all patients at postoperative 6 months were obviously lower than those at postoperative 1 month, there were statistical differences (allP<0.05).The changes of Q value before and after operation was not correlated with CCT and AD (allP<0.05).Conclusion The asphericity of corneal posterior surface is influenced by excimer laser corneal refractive surgery at the early time, the Q value increase, and then it return to its original state over time.
張曉琳,女,1974年5月出生,副主任醫(yī)師。研究方向:準(zhǔn)分子手術(shù)。聯(lián)系電話:15096600539;E-mail:zhangxl74@163.com
AboutZHANGXiao-Lin:Female,born in May,1974.Associate chief physician.Tel:15096600539; E-mail:zhangxl74@163.com
2013-10-27
650231 云南省昆明市, 昆明普瑞眼科醫(yī)院
張曉琳,范光忠,葉樹(shù)波.準(zhǔn)分子激光角膜屈光手術(shù)后角膜后表面非球面性的變化[J].眼科新進(jìn)展,2014,34(4):364-365,368.
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10.13389/j.cnki.rao.2014.0099
修回日期:2014-01-18
本文編輯:周志新
Accepteddate:Jan 18,2014
From thePuruiOphthalmologicHospitalofKunminCity,Kunming650231,YunnanProvince,China
[RecAdvOphthalmol,2014,34(4):364-365,368]