劉鵬
【考點】
書面表達是每年中考的必備題型,是考查同學們交際能力的一個重要組成部分。書面表達通常有三種形式:
1.書信、日記、通知、留言或請假條等應用文;
2.看圖作文;
3.根據漢語提示作文。
無論是哪一種形式的書面表達,考生所寫的短文都要緊扣主題、語句通順、要點完整、語言準確得當、格式正確、無大小寫和拼寫錯誤、標點符號使用正確。
【解難】
一、訓練方法
1.記。認真、系統(tǒng)地復習基礎知識并背誦優(yōu)美的句子。中國有句古話:“熟讀唐詩三百首,不會作詩也會吟?!庇⒄Z也是一樣,要使自己具有較強的寫作能力,首先應該熟讀和背誦一些精彩的語句和短文。大量的背誦和閱讀是提高寫作能力的有效方法。若有大量的現(xiàn)成語言材料積累在腦海里,自己寫起作文來就可以得心應手。
2.練。每練一篇書面表達,都要真正學到一點東西,不可貪多,以免邊學邊忘。平時可以采用循序漸進、靈活多樣的方式練習,從根據提示詞寫單句開始,然后到寫幾句話,最后到寫流利的文段。盡量嘗試多種題材的寫作,如書信、日記、通知、便條、明信片、看圖作文、根據表格或記錄寫短文等。
3.寫。要進行實戰(zhàn)寫作。要求自己在20分鐘內寫出60 ~ 80詞的短文,并且努力做到質量高、內容全、形式正確。養(yǎng)成這樣的好習慣,考試時才能取得好成績。
二、應試策略
1.審題目:要切中題意?!吨锌伎荚囌f明》中指出,書面表達要切中題意。怎樣才能切中題意呢?就是要認真審題,看到考題后,先不要急于動筆,仔細看清題目要求的內容,在自己的頭腦中構思出一個框架或畫面,確定短文的中心思想,不要匆匆下筆。要看懂題意,根據圖畫、圖表、提綱或短文提供的資料和信息來審題。審題時要審格式、體裁、人物關系、故事情節(jié)、主體時態(tài)、活動時間和地點等。
2.圈要點:防止遺漏要點。要點是評分的一個重要因素。為了防止寫作過程中遺漏要點,同學們可以把情景中給出的各個要點在草紙上逐條列出。
3.列提綱:為寫作做好準備。根據文章要點和短文的中心思想將主要句型、關鍵詞語記下,形成提綱。
4.定基調:定出時態(tài)、人稱、順序、開頭、結尾等。
5.寫全文:寫短文時要做到如下幾點:
(1)避免使用漢語式英語,盡量使用自己熟悉的句型。幾種句型可交替使用,以避免句式單一重復。
(2)多用簡單句型,記事、寫人一般都不需要復雜的句型??蛇m當使用陳述句、一般疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。適度使用非謂語動詞或復合句等較復雜的句型。
(3)注意語法、句法知識的靈活運用。
① 語態(tài)、時態(tài)要準確無誤。
② 主謂語要一致,即謂語動詞要和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致。
③ 注意人稱代詞的主格和賓格形式。
④ 注意冠詞的用法。例如:“He is an honest student.”中的an不能寫成a.
⑤ 注意拼寫、標點符號和大小寫。注意receive,believe,fourteen,forty,ninth,restaurant等易錯詞。
(4)描寫人物時,要生動具體。例如:
① 外表特征:tall,short,fat,thin,strong,beautiful,ordinary-looking等。
② 服飾顏色:red,yellow,blue,white,green,brown,black等。
③ 內心世界:glad,happy,sad,excited,anxious,interested等。
④ 情感描寫:love,like,hate,laugh,cry,smile等。
⑤ 動作描寫:come,go,get,have,take,bring,fetch等。
(5)上下文要連貫。上下文的連貫性也是評分的一個重要原則,因此同學們應把寫好的句子,根據故事情節(jié)、事情發(fā)生的先后次序(時間或空間),用一些表示并列、遞進等的過渡詞進行加工整理,使文章連續(xù)、自然、流暢。同學們應注意下面這些詞匯的用法:
① 表示并列關系的:and,as well as,or等。
② 表示轉折關系的:but,yet,however等。
③ 表示時間先后的:when,while,after,before,then,after that等。
④ 表示因果關系的:so,therefore,as a result等。
⑤ 表示目的的:in order to,in order that,so as to,so that等。
⑥ 表示列舉的:for example,such as等。
⑦ 表示總結性的:in general,in all,in a word,generally speaking等。
(6)不會表達時,另辟蹊徑。中考作文評分標準是以要點和語言的準確度而定。造句越簡單準確越好,造復合句容易出錯,容易被扣分。所以要適度運用復雜句型來增加文采。如遇到個別要點表達不出來或難以表達,可采用變通的辦法,化難為易,化繁為簡??傊?,所造句子要正確、得體,符合英語表達習慣。
6.改病句:認真檢查,改正錯誤。寫中考作文時,由于時間緊、內容多,同學們難免出錯。因此,改錯這一環(huán)節(jié)必不可少。中考作文評卷是根據要點、語言準確性、上下文的連貫性來給分,根據錯誤多少來扣分。因此,考試時花幾分鐘時間來檢查錯誤顯得尤為重要。檢查錯誤應從以下幾個方面入手:
① 格式是否正確;② 拼寫有無錯誤;③ 語言是否正確;④ 時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否正確;⑤ 標點符號是否正確;⑥ 人稱是否正確。
三、參考練習
(安徽省合肥中考英語作文)
目前有不少歷史劇在電視上熱播。有人通過看歷史劇來了解歷史,有人選擇讀史書來了解歷史。你的選擇及理由是什么?請根據以下內容寫一篇英語短文。
選擇
理由
看歷史劇
情節(jié)有趣、通俗易懂
讀歷史書
資料真實、引人深思
你的選擇
要求:1.語言表達準確,短文連貫通順;
2.短文必須包括以上內容要點,可以適當發(fā)揮;
3.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱;
4.詞數(shù)80詞左右。開頭已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Many historical plays have been on TV recently.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
解析:
1.審題目:認真審題;2.圈出要點,寫全要點內容;3.寫作前先列出提綱;4.定基調:寫作時應注意時態(tài)、語法的運用,注意句子結構的多樣性,盡量避免重復;5.寫全文;6.改病句:認真復查一遍,如有錯誤,加以更正。
Watching Historical Plays
Many historical plays have been on TV recently. Some people like watching historical TV plays to know about history. They think they are interesting and easy to understand. Both the old and the young will have a lot of fun watching them.
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Some other people think the best way to learn about history is to read books on history. They believe books can tell them the true stories. They can learn and think a lot from them while reading.
I like watching historical TV plays because they make me relaxed and save me much time.
【實戰(zhàn)演練】
(一)
我們每個人都盼望著過生日。在生日那天,我們可以開party,邀請好朋友參加,還能吃到豐盛的飯菜。Mary的生日是如何度過的呢?
根據下列提示寫一篇60詞左右的短文,介紹Mary的生日情況。
1.上周日是瑪麗的生日。
2.周五放學后,她邀請了她的一些同學參加。
3.同學送給她許多禮物。
4.瑪麗的母親做了飯,有魚、肉、水果等。
5.瑪麗過了一個快樂的生日。
(二)
現(xiàn)在學生上網成風。假如你是班主任,要在班會上談談關于上網的問題,請根據表格中提供的內容用英語寫一篇80詞左右的發(fā)言稿,要點必須齊全。
提示:漸漸變差do worse and worse in…
益處:
1.學會使用現(xiàn)代設備——電腦。
2.學會更多知識,了解更多信息。
3.玩游戲,使人更加聰明。
弊端:
1.過于沉迷游戲。
2.網上交友,通信頻繁,學習成績下降。
建議:
1.在校學習時不要上網, 好好讀書。
2.假期可以上,但不可常上。
(三)
在一次英語班會上,老師請同學們以Be Proud of My School為主題發(fā)言。請根據下面所給的提示寫一篇發(fā)言稿,80詞左右,文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名或地名。
提示:① What does your school look like?
② What fun do you have at school?
③ Why do you like your school?
(四)
請以My Pleasant Trip為題,根據提示和要求寫一次你記憶中愉快的旅行。
1.請敘述本次旅行的時間、地點、人物以及有哪些活動等;
2.體現(xiàn)出這是一次愉快的旅行。
要求:
1.詞數(shù)80左右;
2.文中不能出現(xiàn)作者本人的真實信息。
參考范文
(一)
It was Marys birthday last Sunday. Last Friday, after school she asked some of her classmates to go to her party on Sunday. At the party, her classmates gave her a lot of presents. Mary was very happy. Marys mother made dinner for them. There was fish, fruit and some other things. Mary and her classmates had a good time at the party!
(二)
Good afternoon, class, Today lets talk about getting on-line. Many students in our class like getting on-line very much. Its not bad for them to learn how to use the modern machine computer. They can learn more knowledge and get more information. Playing games can make them clever. But some of them spend too much time in playing games. Some make friends on –line, write many letters to each other, and even talk about love. It takes the students too much time to play games. So they dont work hard at their lessons. They do worse and worse in their lessons. I think they mustnt get on-line when they are studying at school They can do it in summer or winter holidays, but they shouldnt spend too much time playing it.
(三)
Be Proud of My School
My school is vey big with several tall buildings, There are 2 000 students in my school. We have a big playground with lots of trees around it. There are a lot of flowers everywhere. We have lots of fun at school. After class we play games and do lots of sports, like playing basketball, football and table tennis. Sometimes we have class meetings. They are very interesting.
I love my school because its like a big family. The teachers in my school are kind to us as our parents. I feel proud of my school because it is one of the best schools in my heart.
(四)
My Pleasant Trip
One day when I was in Grade 7, I went to the Yellow Mountains with my friends by bike.
First we climbed the mountains, then we flew kites. At noon we sat on the grass having a picnic. The weather was pretty fine that day. In the afternoon we met several soldiers who were only a little older than us. So we played games together and they also told us many interesting stories. We laughed and laughed happily.
What a pleasant trip !l will never forget it.
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