荷蘭外交官祖孫四代與重慶的“跨國之緣”

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜

荷蘭外交官祖孫四代與重慶的“跨國之緣”

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜

2014年10月18日，一位荷蘭籍人士將他祖輩張增福遺存的一件在1944年4月由荷蘭著名外交家、漢學(xué)家、小說家——高羅佩先生書寫的“博通南?！睍ň磔S無償捐贈給了重慶中國三峽博物館。

2012年中荷兩國建立大使級外交關(guān)系40周年之際，這名荷蘭籍友人受荷蘭王國駐北京大使館之邀，撰寫了記錄荷蘭外交使團在戰(zhàn)時重慶活動的歷史著作《舊日重慶中的荷蘭影像（1938-1946）》，并于2013年底由荷蘭駐中國大使館出版。

2014年，在迎接荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館正式開館的時候，荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事譚敬南提議，以這本書為基礎(chǔ)，拍攝一部記錄中荷二戰(zhàn)時期關(guān)系和友誼的紀(jì)錄片。片中以高羅佩與這位荷蘭籍友人的祖輩張增福、張曾廬為兩條主線，還原過去幾十年，他們及子孫后代人生軌跡在世界多個地方的相互交疊。10月30日，這部電視紀(jì)錄片《滄浪萬里長》（《荷蘭人在重慶的足跡》）首映式在重慶天地文化劇場舉行。

這位荷蘭籍友人是誰呢？

張克雷（右一）參加《滄浪萬里長》首映式。

張克雷尋訪舊時祖輩的足跡。

戰(zhàn)時陪都 荷蘭外交官的重慶情緣

在關(guān)于重慶與荷蘭之間發(fā)生的事件中，一位荷蘭籍友人的名字被多次提到，并成為每次事件中的主角，讓我們不得不對他產(chǎn)生濃厚的興趣，于是，一個名字出現(xiàn)在人們的視野。他，就是張克雷。

Vincent Chang，一個土生土長的荷蘭人，也是有著一半中國血統(tǒng)的混血兒：黑眼睛、黑頭發(fā)，面部輪廓分明，身材高大，張克雷是他的中文名。

2003年，張克雷第一次來到中國。剛到這里，他就被這個古老而神奇的國度所吸引。2005年，他辭去律師的工作來到北京開始學(xué)習(xí)漢語。對于張克雷來說，來到中國也是為了圓父母的一個夢。

張曾廬，就是張克雷的爺爺，在抗日戰(zhàn)爭時期擔(dān)任中國駐荷蘭外交官。從1929年起，張曾廬和張克雷的大爺爺張增福便供職于外交部。其中，張增福在外交界更為活躍，與民國元老于右任、荷蘭外交官楊連山、著名漢學(xué)家高羅佩等人都有深厚的交情。1938年，隨著國民政府西遷，張曾廬一家從南京搬到重慶，并在重慶生活了7年之久。張克雷的姑姑、父親都出生在這里。

1945年，張曾廬被中國政府任命為駐荷蘭大使館外交官，家屬也隨之同行。張家從此遠離故土，張曾廬最終在遠離故土萬里之遙的庫拉索島逝世。張克雷從小在荷蘭長大，和住在庫拉索島的爺爺奶奶并不常見面，他們也很少向他提及在重慶的往事，盡管如此，張克雷從小就對自己身上流淌的中國血脈好奇萬分。

而在其父親——張?zhí)禅Q身上，張克雷總會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在父親絕大多數(shù)證件和個人資料上，如護照、身份證、結(jié)婚證，甚至駕照，出生地都標(biāo)有“Chongqing”（重慶）兩字。但父親對重慶卻知之甚少。父親告訴他，自己雖然出生于重慶，但在1歲時便跟張克雷的爺爺、奶奶來到歐洲，所以對重慶已經(jīng)沒有絲毫印象了。

2008年4月，張克雷第一次來到重慶“尋根”。剛到重慶，他就被眼前的景象驚呆了：“這么大的一座城市，為什么會沒有多少人知道？”張克雷不禁感嘆重慶的巨大。

重慶尋根 迷上重慶與荷蘭歷史

因為對祖輩與父輩的歷史產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，2008年4月，張克雷第一次來到重慶“尋根”。剛到重慶，他就被眼前的景象驚呆了：“這么大的一座城市，為什么會沒有多少人知道？”張克雷不禁感嘆重慶的巨大。

在尋找父親對重慶曾經(jīng)的記憶過程中，張克雷對這里產(chǎn)生了深厚的感情。重慶，成了他的第二故鄉(xiāng)。雖然初次“尋根”所獲非常有限，不過，在他看來，這次尋找本身比結(jié)果更有意義?！罢沁@第一次與重慶接觸，讓我對這座城市和這里的人們產(chǎn)生了強烈的好感。在這里，我遇到了很多無私幫助我的人，我開始真正了解這座城市和我自己?！睆埧死渍f。

2010年，張克雷與他的太太再次來到重慶，并與重慶大學(xué)進行項目合作，受邀兼職授課國際法律及歐盟法律等課程。當(dāng)然，張克雷仍然不忘自己的“尋根”任務(wù)。假期，夫妻兩人還去了南京和北京收集相關(guān)的檔案材料。在重慶，他們?nèi)チ巳龒{博物館、磁器口、大足石刻、南溫泉等地方，越走近這座城市，好奇心就越強，也就越發(fā)喜愛它。

經(jīng)過幾年的“尋根之旅”，張克雷開始執(zhí)著于對戰(zhàn)時重慶外交及近代中荷關(guān)系等領(lǐng)域的研究。為此，他聯(lián)系了許多曾在戰(zhàn)時重慶荷蘭大使館工作過的外交官后代，如高羅佩（1943-1946年在荷蘭駐重慶使館工作）的兒子高惠連、女兒保琳，楊連山（1939-1946年在重慶工作）的兒子楊樂蘭等，他們提供了很多照片、圖紙、信件、公文、地圖等等。這些珍貴的歷史資料，對張克雷的研究很有幫助。

再現(xiàn)歷史 致力重慶-荷蘭經(jīng)濟文化交流

經(jīng)過多年的研究和學(xué)習(xí)，張克雷已慢慢成為一名通曉重慶與荷蘭歷史的專家，甚至像一名使者，時時傳遞著兩地的訊息，幫助溝通交流。

2012年，張克雷正式加入了中國抗戰(zhàn)大后方研究協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心。2013年9月，張克雷參加了在重慶召開的中日戰(zhàn)爭國際共同研究第五次會議，來自美國、英國、日本、韓國、澳大利亞等國家和地區(qū)的90余位著名學(xué)者齊聚一堂，就“第二次世界大戰(zhàn)背景下的中日戰(zhàn)爭”進行了主題交流和探討。作為代表荷蘭的國際學(xué)者，張克雷發(fā)表了題為《回顧戰(zhàn)時重慶——大國崛起下的國際之都》的學(xué)術(shù)報告。他國際化的研究視野和獨特的觀點，獲得了到場專家學(xué)者的一致肯定。

在荷蘭駐渝領(lǐng)事館選址期間，飽含著對重慶多年感情的張克雷積極推薦重慶，并幫助在重慶設(shè)立領(lǐng)館作了許多研究籌備工作。除此以外，張克雷還為有意投資重慶的荷蘭公司提供咨詢與幫助，同時讓更多的重慶企業(yè)投資荷蘭?！拔艺J(rèn)為目前兩地在物流領(lǐng)域的機會很大，還有高科技農(nóng)業(yè)、城市規(guī)劃、工業(yè)設(shè)計、化學(xué)以及園藝等，荷蘭在這些方面都有比較成熟的經(jīng)驗與技術(shù)，可以與重慶分享合作?！睆埧死渍f。

此外，受荷蘭王國駐華大使館之邀，張克雷撰寫了荷蘭外交使團在戰(zhàn)時重慶活動的歷史回顧——《舊日重慶中的荷蘭影像（Dutch Traces， Places and Faces In Chongqing 1938-1946）》，耗時接近兩年，目前該書已完稿，并于荷蘭駐重慶總領(lǐng)事館開館時正式與讀者見面?！拔蚁胍ㄟ^這本書向西方世界講述重慶，講述它在二戰(zhàn)中扮演的角色，而這段歷史曾經(jīng)被西方遺忘。我想讓荷蘭乃至西方國家更多地了解重慶，這是我的夢想。”張克雷說。

從一名工作穩(wěn)定、收入頗豐的律師，到致力于中國與荷蘭的文化歷史及經(jīng)濟交流的“使者”，張克雷奔波于荷蘭海牙、法國巴黎以及北京、臺北、重慶等地，查閱檔案，考證文獻，實地考察，最終還原了湮沒在歷史塵煙中的家族歷史。張克雷坦承完成這一切需要很大的勇氣，也得到了家人積極的支持。如今，他的第一個兒子也在重慶出生，他給兒子取名為張杰仁。他也會時不時地教兒子中文，講述關(guān)于中國的故事?，F(xiàn)在，三歲的兒子能用漢語熟練地說：“我叫張杰仁，我出生在重慶?！?/p>

“我希望能將我現(xiàn)在所做的一切變?yōu)槲业慕K身事業(yè)，為重慶與荷蘭之間的交流溝通貢獻我的一份力量，選擇這樣的職業(yè)不是為了金錢，而是為了讓我的人生更充實，更有價值?！睆埧死走@樣說道。

在談到對重慶的建議時，張克雷表示，重慶需要更多地宣傳，才能更加國際化。采訪結(jié)束時，張克雷微笑著表示，希望未來可以在荷蘭的大學(xué)里設(shè)立一個關(guān)于研究重慶與荷蘭歷史的課程，讓更多的荷蘭人了解這段歷史，了解重慶。

Vincent Chang is a native of the Netherlands, but is also half Chinese, tall, with dark eyes and dark hair. Zhang Kelei is his Chinese name.

Vincent fi rst came to China in 2003. He was attracted to this ancient and mysterious country upon his fi rst arrival. In 2005 he resigned from his attorney position and went to Beijing to study the Chinese language. For him, coming to China was like fulfi lling his parents’ dream.

Zhang Zenglu, Vincent’s grandfather, served as Chinese ambassador to the Netherlands during the war. He served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, beginning in 1929. In 1938, when the Nationalist government moved west to Chongqing, Zhang Zenglu also moved with his family from Nanjing and lived in Chongqing for seven years, during which time Vincent’s aunt and father were born.

Vincent Chang grew up in the Netherlands and never heard his grandparents, who lived in Curacao, talk about their past in Chongqing. However, Vincent was always curious about his Chinese heritage. He learned some from documents of his father, Zhang Tianming, his father’s ID and personal information, such as passports, identity cards, marriage certificates and a driver’s license. Even though his father’s place of birth is marked“Chongqing”, his father knew little about Chongqing, since he left the city at the age of one.

Seeking His Roots in the History Between Chongqing and the Netherlands

In April, 2008, Vincent fi rst came to Chongqing to seek his roots. He was amazed by such a large city. While searching for his father’s history he began to develop deep feelings for the city. “I met a lot of friendly people here. I really got to know the city and myself even more,” Vincent said.

In 2010, Vincent and his wife returned to Chongqing again to work on a project with Chongqing University. He was also invited to work part-time, teaching courses on international law and European Union law, but he never forgot his root-seeking project. Vincent and his wife traveled to Nanjing and Beijing to collect relevant archival materials. In Chongqing they went to the Three Gorges Museum, Ciqikou, Dazu rock carvings, South hot springs and other places. The longer they stayed in the city, the more their curiosity increased and the stronger their love for Chongqing grew.

After several years of searching for his roots, Vincent became engrossed in the study of diplomatic relations during the war, Sino-Dutch relations in modern times and other related fi elds. He contacted a number of offspring of Netherlands diplomatic offi cers who formerly worked in the Netherlands Embassy in Chongqing during the war, such as the son and daughter of Robert Hans van Gulik and the son of J van den Berg, who provided a great deal of photos, drawings, letters, documents and maps. These rare historical documents were invaluable for Vincent’s research.

Dedication to Cultural History and Exchanges Between Chongqing and the Netherlands

After years of research and study, Vincent has become an expert in the history between Chongqing and the Netherlands, helping communications between the two. In 2012, Vincent offi cially joined the Chinese Anti-Japanese Research Collaborative Innovation Center. In September, 2013, he participated in the fifth meeting of the International Joint Study of the Sino-Japanese War, which was held in Chongqing. As representative of Netherlands International scholar, he delivered the academic report about Chongqing, “The International City Under the Rise of Great Powers in the Wartime.” His vision of internationalizing research and his unique perspective were unanimously affi rmed by experts and scholars.

張克雷參加收藏文物捐贈儀式。

During the time the Netherlands was selecting the site for their Consulate-general, Vincent actively recommended Chongqing and made many preparations helping set up the consulate in Chongqing. He now provides advice and assistance to Netherlands companies planning to invest in Chongqing and encourages more Chongqing enterprises to invest in the Netherlands. “I think the opportunities for cooperation in the industrial fi eld are very large, including high-tech agriculture and gardening, urban planning, industrial design and chemistry. The Netherlands has mature experience and techniques in these fi elds which could be shared with Chongqing companies.”

Vincent authored a book about the history of the Netherlands diplomatic corps in Chongqing during the war, Dutch Traces, Places and Faces in Chongqing, 1938-1946 at the invitation of the Netherlands Embassy in China. It took nearly two years to complete the book. Now published, it was first presented to readers on the day of the official opening ceremony of the Netherlands Consulate General in Chongqing. “I want to spread the word to the western world about Chongqing and its role in World War II through this book. This history has been long forgotten by western countries. “I’d like the Netherlands and other western countries to know more about Chongqing, so this is my dream come true.”

From a stable, well paid lawyer to an expert dedicated to cultural history and economic exchanges between China and the Netherlands, Vincent has traveled to the Hague, Paris, Taipei, Beijing, Chongqing and other places to gain access to archives, to research documents and eventually recreate the family history. He admits that all of this took a lot of courage, but he has had the full support of his family. Now, his fi rst son, born in Chongqing, is named Zhang Jieren. Vincent teaches him Chinese and tells him stories about China. At three years old, he can speak some words in Chinese, “Wo shi Zhang Jieren, wo chu sheng zai Chongqing.”

“I hope to turn everything I do into a career of my own and make a contribution to the communication between China and the Netherlands, making my life more fulfi lling, more valuable.”

When it comes to advice for Chongqing, Vincent said,“Chongqing needs to be more widely publicized and become more international.” At the end of the interview, he told me, with a smile, that he hopes in the future to set up a study course on the history between Chongqing and the Netherlands at the University of Netherlands, so more Netherlanders can understand this period of history and understand more about Chongqing.

Generations of Netherland Diplomats and their Links to Chongqing

War Time Capital Netherlands Diplomat in Chongqing