魏亞麗
【摘要】 下面筆者結(jié)合歷屆高考題將while一詞的種種用法歸納總結(jié)如下,希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 while的用法歸納 高考真題 反饋練習(xí)
【中圖分類號(hào)】 G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 A 【文章編號(hào)】 1992-7711(2014)02-041-02
英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有很多單詞都是一詞多意,一詞多性或者是一詞多用,真正熟練掌握該詞的所有意思、詞性及其常見用法相對(duì)來說就比較困難, 加上又是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)詞之一,因此掌握該詞的用法很重要。
連詞while大致有以下幾種用法——
一、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候; 和……同時(shí)”, 此時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞。(既可放在句首,也可放在句中)
如: While Li Ming was watching TV,he fell asleep.
(李明看著電視睡著了。)
Mary listened to the radio while she ate her supper.
(瑪麗邊聽音樂邊吃飯)
While we were arguing, our head teacher came in.
(當(dāng)我們正在吵架時(shí)班主任進(jìn)來了。)
另外 while 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句還可以表示“某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的同時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行之中”。
例如:While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.
(老師講課時(shí),學(xué)生們?cè)诼?。?/p>
While he was writing, I was reading. (他寫字時(shí),我在看書。)
例1 —Are you ready for Spain?
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that ______ they are young.(2008上海)
A. while B. until C. if D. before
解析【A】。B選項(xiàng)until 意為“直到……”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;C選項(xiàng)if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句;D選項(xiàng)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這些選項(xiàng)均不符合題意。
例2. ——I am going to the office.
——_____you're there, can you get me some stamps (NMET'99)
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
解析【B】 主句中“get me some stamps”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句“youre there”的過程之中,因此While除可表示同時(shí)性外,還含有一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)過程中的某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生;A選項(xiàng)As一般強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的同時(shí)性;C選項(xiàng) Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;D選項(xiàng)If引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,按題干提供的情景均不可取,因此B選項(xiàng)是最佳選項(xiàng)。
二、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
意為“雖然…但是….”、“盡管…但是…” (多放于句首)
例如: While I understand your opinion,I dont agree with you.
(雖然我理解你的觀點(diǎn),但我還是不能同意你。)
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
(雖然他愛他的學(xué)生,可是他對(duì)學(xué)生們很嚴(yán)格。)
例3 ________the Internet is of great help, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (2008湖南)
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
解析【B】 while意為“雖然;盡管”表示讓步;A選項(xiàng)if只能引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句及賓語(yǔ)從句;C選項(xiàng)because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,且也不能置于句首;D選項(xiàng)as引導(dǎo)原因或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,在該題中均不合題意。
例4 ________I really dont like art, I find his work impressive.(07山東卷)
A. As B. Since C. If D.While
解析【D】此題考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞的用法。前一分句意為:“我真的不喜歡藝術(shù)”,后一分句意為:“我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的創(chuàng)作給人留下很深的印象”,這兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系很自然不是因果關(guān)系,也不是條件和結(jié)果的關(guān)系,故可排除A、B和C。此時(shí)的while意為“雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于although。
三、連接并列句
意思是“然而,但是” 用來連接兩個(gè)并列句子,表示前后對(duì)比或相反的情況。 (通常放在主句之后)
You like Maths, while I prefer English.
(你喜歡數(shù)學(xué),而我更喜歡英語(yǔ)。)
I like singing while my sister likes dancing.
(我喜歡唱歌,而妹妹喜歡跳舞。)
例5 In some places women are expected to earn money _______men stay at home and raise their children.(2008 四川)
A. but B. while C. because D. though
解析【B】A選項(xiàng)but也有“而, 然而”之意,但but 強(qiáng)調(diào)前后的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,如:We love peace but we have to fight for it, not beg for it. (我們熱愛和平,但我們不應(yīng)乞求和平,而是應(yīng)當(dāng)爭(zhēng)取它); C選項(xiàng)because 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句;D選項(xiàng)though 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,均不合題意。
例6 We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall,_______, in fact, there were 40.(2006全國(guó)Ⅲ)
A. while B. whether C. what D. which
解析【A】該題中while用于前后兩個(gè)數(shù)字的對(duì)比。 由于該句中間有一個(gè)插入語(yǔ) in fact,在while的前后均有逗號(hào)將其隔開,增加了該題的難度。D選項(xiàng)的which要引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;而該句并非是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 其他選項(xiàng)都不合題意。
例7 The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _______the quality of life is probably one of the highest.(2006天津)
A. since B. when C. as D. while
解析【A】 該題中的while 用于前后情況的對(duì)比。A選項(xiàng)的since 只能引導(dǎo)原因或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;B選項(xiàng)的when 只能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;C選項(xiàng)的as 只能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)從句,顯然都不合題意。
四、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
意為 “只要” 相當(dāng)于as long as . (可位于句首,也可位于句中)
例如:While there is a will, there is a way. (有志者事竟成。)
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united.
(只要我們緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)一致,一定能克服這些困難。)
There will be life while there is water and air.
(只要有空氣和水,就有生命。)
例8 “________ my feet remain standing above the water level, there is hope...” said the captain.
A. Where B. Even if C. While D. Although
解析【C】因?yàn)閣hile有“只要”之意,與as long as相當(dāng)。又如:While there is life, there is hope. 只要有生命,就會(huì)有希望。B和D選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,放在這里均不符合題意。
五、while從句的省略
當(dāng)while從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致, 或者從句的主語(yǔ)為it時(shí),且含有be的某種形式時(shí), 則從句中的主語(yǔ)連同be可同時(shí)省略。while后可直接跟現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞、形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。
六、while可用作名詞, 意為“一會(huì)兒,一段時(shí)間?!?/p>
作名詞用時(shí),主要用于短語(yǔ)中: after a while “過了一會(huì)兒”; all the while “一直,始終”;a short / little while ago “剛才” ; once in a while “偶爾,間或”; wait / rest(for) a while “休息一會(huì)兒”。
I haven't seen her for a long while.我好久沒有看見她了。
Where have you been all this while? 這一陣子你到哪去了?
He usually goes to work by bike, but once in a while he goes by bus.
他通常騎自行車上班,但偶爾也乘公共汽車。