伏龍觀古建筑群“5.12”震后搶險(xiǎn)維修工程，都江堰，四川，中國(guó)

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：呂舟，朱宇華/清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院國(guó)家遺產(chǎn)中心/清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院建筑與文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)研究所

伏龍觀古建筑群“5.12”震后搶險(xiǎn)維修工程，都江堰，四川，中國(guó)

項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)：呂舟，朱宇華/清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院國(guó)家遺產(chǎn)中心/清華大學(xué)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院建筑與文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)研究所

伏龍觀震后搶險(xiǎn)維修工程是2008年“5.12”汶川特大地震后，由國(guó)家文物局主持的災(zāi)后重建的重點(diǎn)工程之一，也是全國(guó)災(zāi)后重建工程中最早開工和最早竣工的文物保護(hù)維修工程。工程自2008年6月開工，2009年11月竣工，前后歷時(shí)18個(gè)月。整個(gè)搶險(xiǎn)工程投資655萬元。

伏龍觀是世界文化遺產(chǎn)都江堰-青城山景區(qū)的重要景點(diǎn)之一，古建筑群占地面積3000m2，建筑面積1900m2，在“5.12”大地震中損毀嚴(yán)重。地震對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳詈托睦碓斐芍卮笥绊?，震后?guó)家迅速啟動(dòng)了災(zāi)后重建工程。要求在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，恢復(fù)伏龍觀古建筑的雄偉身姿，恢復(fù)都江堰景區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)旅游文化，重建當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳鐣?huì)生活和信心。

因此，搶險(xiǎn)工程的目的是，在保障真實(shí)性的基礎(chǔ)上，盡快恢復(fù)伏龍觀古建筑群的完整性，再現(xiàn)震前巍峨的雄姿。工程內(nèi)容包括排除地質(zhì)險(xiǎn)情和隱患，收集清理文物構(gòu)件，重新勘察設(shè)計(jì)，保護(hù)修復(fù)工程等，盡快消除地震不利影響，加固離堆巖體基礎(chǔ)，按照古建筑修復(fù)的真實(shí)性原則進(jìn)行搶修，恢復(fù)伏龍觀建筑群的完整性。

在國(guó)家文物局的重視和指導(dǎo)下，伏龍觀是災(zāi)后第一個(gè)開工的文物保護(hù)搶險(xiǎn)工程。設(shè)計(jì)單位和施工單位同步進(jìn)駐，迅速地展開了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)清理、文物構(gòu)件收集、測(cè)繪、措施制定、圖紙繪制、組織實(shí)施工程等。在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)順利地完成了此項(xiàng)災(zāi)后重建工程，是我國(guó)在面對(duì)突發(fā)性的緊急災(zāi)害情況下開展文物搶險(xiǎn)工作的成功案例。

2009年11月30日，當(dāng)?shù)兀ǘ冀呤校┡e行了盛大的工程竣工典禮，國(guó)家文物局和四川省文化部門參加。世界文化遺產(chǎn)地都江堰-青城山景區(qū)重新恢復(fù)開放。

工程竣工后，都江堰景區(qū)基本恢復(fù)游客開放。作為國(guó)家級(jí)旅游城市，都江堰景區(qū)再次吸引了全國(guó)游客前往參觀，特別是位于寶瓶口之上的伏龍觀古建筑群再現(xiàn)巍峨雄姿。工程對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)百姓恢復(fù)信心，重建家園，恢復(fù)城市活力，促進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到良好的激勵(lì)作用。

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

委托單位/Client：都江堰市文物局/Dujiangyan Bureau of Cultural Relics

工程總負(fù)責(zé)/Head of Project：呂舟/LU Zhou

項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人/Principal in Charge：朱宇華/ZHU Yuhua

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Project Team：魏青，徐溯凱，孫燕，雷嫻，

高飛/WEI Qing, XU Sukai, SUN Yan, LEI Xian, GAO Fei

The emergency conservation project of Fu'long Taoist Temple is one of the rescue projects after the“May 12th” earthquake in Sichuan Province, which is one of the key projects supervised by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage. It is the first cultural heritage conservation project carried out in the disaster-hit area after the earthquake, and also the first one to be completed. The project started in June, 2008 and finished in November, 2009, lasting 18 months in total and costing 6.55 million RMB.

It was quite urgent to complete the conservation project in short period of time and rebuild the confidence of local community, resuming their normal daily life. Under the large background of reconstruction activities in Sichuan Province after the earthquake, this project attracts wide attention from the general public across the entire country. The particularity of this project requires short restoration schedule which cannot be met by the normal conservation process. Facing such a sudden event, the design and construction institutions were organized immediately to conduct on-site survey, set the main principles and targets together, and to proceed with the conservation work. The key factors of this project ensuring a successful completion include the high-efficiency work planning, the consensus of complexity of the project and the conservation principles, and the management and linkage of various project aspects. During the construction phase, in order to keep the consistency and coherence of the conservation work, we utilized traditional techniques with traditional materials, and made necessary improvements after cautious studies with comparable analysis among different plans. The cooperation between conservators and contractors was also enhanced during the project implementation. The working process of the conservation of Fu'long Taoist Temple sets a good example for heritage conservation practice during disaster recovering effort in China, and shall also be improved further in the future.

In the field of cultural heritage conservation, the post-quake emergency restoration projects in Sichuan are recognized by experts as good practice examples of efficient responses to sudden events. The conservation project of Fu'long Taoist Temple is undoubtedly considered to be one of the best practices.

Most importantly, this project has been part of the reconstruction work after the earthquake, which builds up the confidence of the local community to overcome the difficulties and rebuild their family land.

After its completion, Fu'long Taoist Temple is opened to the general public attracting many tourists from all over the country. The number of visiting tourists resumes to the same level as before the quake, which renews the vigor of the city and improves the economic development of the local community.

評(píng)論

孟建民：和災(zāi)難的后競(jìng)賽

都江堰伏龍觀古建筑群搶險(xiǎn)工作，工程緊急又復(fù)雜，意義卻非常重大。在排除地質(zhì)險(xiǎn)情和隱患、快速消除地震的不利影響、收集清理文物構(gòu)建、重新勘察設(shè)計(jì)等一系列困難的基礎(chǔ)上，完成了保護(hù)修復(fù)工程。項(xiàng)目基本達(dá)到了恢復(fù)伏龍觀古建筑的雄偉身姿，恢復(fù)都江堰景區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)旅游文化，重建當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳鐣?huì)生活和信心的目的。

此項(xiàng)重建工程，由國(guó)家文物局、四川省文化部門和當(dāng)?shù)匕傩展餐瑓⑴c，是一項(xiàng)國(guó)民共同竣工的工程。創(chuàng)造了全國(guó)災(zāi)后重建工程中“兩個(gè)最早”（最早開工和最早竣工）和“一個(gè)最短”（較短時(shí)間內(nèi)順利完成），是我國(guó)面對(duì)突發(fā)性緊急災(zāi)害情況下開展搶險(xiǎn)工作成功的案例。

谷云瑞：在洪荒的宇宙間、地球上的人類有時(shí)會(huì)感覺到自己的弱小，但有時(shí)會(huì)變得強(qiáng)大。自然災(zāi)害毀滅了無數(shù)的人類文化瑰寶，在毀滅面前人類會(huì)感覺到自己的弱小，但在災(zāi)害過后的重建過程中，卻會(huì)讓人類感覺到自身的強(qiáng)大。這種強(qiáng)大不是來自于浮淺而空洞的非理性熱情，它源自于一個(gè)民族自身的文化覺悟、技術(shù)儲(chǔ)備及財(cái)力支出等諸多元素的支撐。

伏龍觀在“5.12”大地震中受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀，在搶險(xiǎn)維修過程中，清理、收集、測(cè)繪、制圖、施工等超常規(guī)一體化的組織運(yùn)行，在18個(gè)月時(shí)間內(nèi)讓嚴(yán)重?fù)p毀的世界文化遺產(chǎn)以原有的氣度與情愫復(fù)面于觀者。后人在解讀伏龍觀的同時(shí)，自會(huì)敬仰伏龍觀搶修者的功德，同時(shí)也會(huì)感覺到人類在自然災(zāi)害面前自身的強(qiáng)大。

Comments

MENG Jianmin: Racing with the disaster after the earthquake

Rescue of the Fulong Temple Ancient Building Complex in Dujiangyan is an urgent and complicated project with great significance. The conservation and restoration of the temple is completed on the basis of a series of difficult tasks such as clearing away the geological dangers and risks, rapidly eliminating the effects of the earthquake, collecting and cleaning the structural parts, and conducting re-survey and re-design. This project restores the majestic ancient building complex, revives the traditional tourism culture of Dujiangyan Scenic Area, and re-builds the social life and confidence of local residents.

With the participation of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the cultural departments of Sichuan Province, and the local people, this project is completed with the joint efforts of both the state and the common people. It creates "two earliest" (the earliest start and the earliest completion) and "one shortest" (completion in the shortest period of time) among the nation-wide post-disaster reconstruction projects, thus being a successful case of China conducting rescue work in the face of a sudden disaster.

GU Yunrui: In the primitive universe, human beings on the earth sometimes are weak, but sometimes can become powerful. Natural disasters have destroyed countless cultural treasures of the mankind. In the face of the destruction, human beings will feel their weakness, but in the process of reconstruction, they can feel powerful. Such powerfulness does not come from the superficial and empty irrational passion. Instead, it originates from the support of a number of elements like cultural awareness, technical reserve, and financial expense of a nation.

Fulong Temple was severely damaged in the 5.12 Earthquake. In its rescue and repair process, such procedures as cleaning, collection, survey, mapping, and construction were integrated and carried out in an unconventional way, which brought the seriously damaged world cultural heritage to the public with its original grace and sentiment after 18 months. While visiting Fulong Temple, the later generations will not only appreciate the achievements of the people who have repaired and restored the temple, but also feel the great power that human beings can have to confront natural disasters.

Conservation Project of Fu'long Taoist Temple, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China, 2009

Project Design: LU Zhou, ZHU Yuhua/National Centre for Heritage Conservation, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University/Cultural Heritage Conservation Centre of Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University