對(duì)話(huà)安恩達(dá)

《私人飛機(jī)》：您怎么會(huì)想到用種葡萄的方式來(lái)治理沙漠的？

安恩達(dá)：所謂“種葡萄”，并不是像種植防護(hù)林那樣直接與風(fēng)沙對(duì)抗的行為。它更多地是在沙漠上構(gòu)建一種健康的、收益穩(wěn)定的田園生活方式，通過(guò)這種生活去吸引人們將分文不值的沙漠變成有長(zhǎng)期收益的財(cái)產(chǎn)。因?yàn)榘⒗频貐^(qū)過(guò)去曾有釀造葡萄酒的歷史，所以我們開(kāi)始試著種植了法國(guó)釀酒葡萄，隨后經(jīng)過(guò)6年的不斷培育，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)能釀造出有本土風(fēng)格的葡萄酒。

《私人飛機(jī)》：您說(shuō)的沙漠葡萄園的生活方式具體是什么樣的？

安恩達(dá)：當(dāng)一個(gè)人擁有一片葡萄田地，某種程度上他就會(huì)被拴在了土地上。他要照看葡萄藤、采收、壓榨、釀自己的酒。不少法國(guó)人都在鄉(xiāng)村擁有一座酒莊，平時(shí)他們生活在城市，葡萄采摘的季節(jié)回到酒莊幫忙，順便度假。最后葡萄酒還能給他們帶來(lái)一筆收益。沙漠葡萄園生活就是這樣，對(duì)在城市忙碌的人，能讓他們多回歸土地。

《私人飛機(jī)》：您為什么要在葡萄園里養(yǎng)那么多羊？

安恩達(dá)：我們的沙漠莊園并不僅僅是葡萄園，它還是一個(gè)有機(jī)生態(tài)循環(huán)圈。整個(gè)莊園沒(méi)有任何化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的痕跡，只有羊群巡游在自己的家園，它們用最自然的方式循環(huán)著生物動(dòng)力法。沙漠莊園里吃的蔬菜都是我們自己種的有機(jī)蔬菜，吃的魚(yú)也是我們自己在魚(yú)塘里養(yǎng)殖的。這里的一切都是有機(jī)的。

《私人飛機(jī)》：您的綠色王國(guó)在未來(lái)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃是怎樣的？

安恩達(dá)：現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有許多人在綠洲擁有了自己葡萄園，開(kāi)始釀造自己的葡萄酒。他們下一步會(huì)在綠洲里建造自己的房子。不久之后隨著“黃河渤海灣水利樞紐大壩”節(jié)流，綠洲不遠(yuǎn)處將沖出一個(gè)巨大的沙漠內(nèi)湖。可以預(yù)見(jiàn)這里將會(huì)是一個(gè)新的旅游景區(qū)，我想綠洲未來(lái)除了釀酒，還會(huì)開(kāi)發(fā)一些旅游項(xiàng)目。目的是增加綠洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)力、打造出自己獨(dú)特的文化。

U-Jet： How did you arrive at this idea of growing grape vines to prevent desertification？

Anenda： Unlike growing shelter forest that stand directly against the desert， growing grapes is a way to build a sound and sustainable lifestyle that encourages more people to turn the desert into a long term revenue stream. The Alxa area is a wine producing region historically， after six years of nurturing， we have successfully localized French grape vine to make our own wines.

U-Jet： What do you mean by lifestyle in the desert vineyard？

Anenda： When a man owns a piece of vineyard， he would to some extend be tied to the land. He will tend， harvest， and crush his grapes to make wine. In France for example， many city residents own a winery in the villages that they will visit for vocation and harvest. The winery in turn could bring them extra income. That is what we have in mind for the vineyard in the desert， attracting urban residents to own and to frequently visit their land.

U-Jet： Why do you raise so many sheep in the vineyard？

Anenda： The greenland is not only about grape wines， but an organic food chain. We apply no chemical fertilizers here. The sheep serves to form the ecological circulation. From vegetable to fish， everything we grow is organic.

U-Jet： What is your future plan for your greenland？

Anenda： There are already many people who own a vineyard here and make their own wines. Soon they will build their own houses. And with the building of the Yellow River Bohai Bay Dam， a lake will be formed in the desert， turning it into a new tourist attraction. So apart from wine making， we will develop tourism to add new vitality to the local economy and to build our unique culture.

The sandy road to the “chieftain” of the oasis is a snapshot of his legendary achievement. 8 years ago， it was still part of the desert. Today， the road extends forward between a shelter forest and the roaring torrents of the Yellow River. Thanks to Anenda， the desert was pushed back more than 10 km to the north

The Chieftain’s Land

When we turned off the river into the heart of the desert， sea-buckthorns started to appear along the road. We later leant that most of them were withered and died a long long time ago. But this is desert， even the loss of life could not prevent its unruly prosperity and splendor.

Half an hour later， we entered the chieftain’s land. An iron bar apart from the sea of sands， the grand view unfolded in front of us made our breath softer --rows of grape vine spreading to the end of our sight， sheep strolling among grapevines， and one-humped camels lying smugly beside huge piles of straws. We circled up the tarred road up the hill and arrived at our destination， an enormous yellow castle by the cliff.

Anenda greeted us in one of the halls of his castle. He has a strong built， a tanned skin， and an honesty typical to people from the Hetao plain. We started the interview with questions like why would he come to Wulanbu to build an oasis and to grow grapevines， and as usual， we expected to hear about his ambition of saving the earth and benefiting mankind. But he did not say big words or saw himself as a superman. He replied simple but clear， “I want to build a green kingdom with vitality”.

Surrounding his oasis are deserted factories that looks like uninhabited for more than a century but are in fact left behind in less than 20 years due to desertification. To Anenda， the only way to permanently revitalize the desert is to create a sustainable economy， culture and living space.

His persistent pursuit of this lifestyle in desert is partly attributable to his former career. He had been in the coking coal business until 2005 when the government started to clean up the industry. He blew up his factory by himself. As he explained， the biggest wish of someone who has been in a business that had been polluting the environment for so many years must be to build a clean and green world. There is no big plans， just an urge from deep inside.

In the following 8 years， he leveled one sand hill after another， transported soil unto the desert， installed electricity and running water， planted more than 3300 hectares of grapevines， 2，000 hectares of farm produce， and 2，600 hectares of shelter forest， raised 30，000 sheep， and built a enormous castle to brew and store wines. To build his green kingdom， he had invested a total of 500 million RMB.

When asked about what keeps the vitality of the place， he pointed to the ground. 10 meters below us is a wide and deep cellar. Each year， new wines will be added to the storage. It will be the source of vitality for the oasis.

Into the desert

The wine of Ulanbu and the desert is another source of vitality for his green kingdom. As he pours wine into tall stem glasses for us， a strong flowery aroma spreads into the air.

The wine is full in body and has the aroma of cabernet and a light tart of sea-buckthorn. As we taste the wine， he started to explain why it is the source of vitality for this piece of desert.

Before building the oasis， he had invited grapevine and brewery experts to study the strip of desert at 39 degrees north. The conclusion is that it is fit for vine planting and wine making. Wine making is an economic activity and lifestyle that can be passed down for generations. Pruning in the spring， reaping in the autumn， and making wines in the remaining months， it is an sustainable economic activity. Year after year， it will boost local economy， and attract people to settle down. After several generations， the oasis will become a place with its own history. The longer wines are stored， they better they become， and the land will keep expanding into the desert， attracting more and more residents， and finally forming a thriving village. Anenda does not expect short term return or individual gains， but he wishes to create a sustainable lifestyle that can “encroach” the desert with fertile land and green plants.

The vineyard and the desert at sunset presents a spectacular view. As Anenda drove us into the heart of the desert， huge， Optimus Prime shaped tractors could be found along the road， carrying either huge barrels of wine or smiling farmers. These tractors consist of the main force expanding into the desert. We drove all the way to the end of the road where the black road and the white sand draws an irregular demarcation line. Anenda said， in the future， the road will continue into the desert.