賈麗張鵬
兩種方法檢測血清人附睪分泌蛋白在盆腔疾病診斷中的研究
賈麗張鵬
目的:探討血清人附睪分泌蛋白(human epididymis protein 4,HE4)在盆腔疾病診斷及鑒別診斷中的應(yīng)用價值,比較電化學發(fā)光法(electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,ECLIA)及酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)檢測人附睪分泌蛋白的診斷準確性。方法:采用ECLIA檢測211例患者血清HE4水平,包括85例卵巢癌、42例子宮內(nèi)膜癌、21例子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、33例盆腔良性疾病及30例健康對照者。結(jié)果以中位數(shù)表示,分析血清HE4在盆腔疾病診斷及鑒別診斷中的意義,并分別探明診斷卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌的最佳判定值。采用ELISA對其中卵巢癌組及卵巢良性疾病組血清HE4進行檢測,繪制受試者工作特征曲線(ROC),計算曲線下面積(ROC-AUC),比較兩種方法鑒別診斷卵巢良惡性疾病的準確性。結(jié)果:卵巢癌組、子宮內(nèi)膜癌組血清HE4水平顯著高于健康對照組、卵巢良性疾病組及子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組;卵巢良性疾病組及子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組與健康對照組比較,無顯著性差異;HE4在鑒別診斷卵巢良惡性疾病、子宮內(nèi)膜良惡性疾病時,其ROC-AUC分別為0.869和0.931,最佳診斷點分別為86.02 pmol/L和74.6 pmol/L。以卵巢良性腫瘤組作為對照,ECLIA法及ELISA法檢測卵巢癌患者血清HE4的ROC-AUC分別為0.869和0.794。結(jié)論:HE4在盆腔疾病的診斷及良惡性鑒別中具有較高的診斷價值,ECLIA法檢測卵巢癌的診斷準確性優(yōu)于ELISA法。
人附睪分泌蛋白 卵巢癌 子宮內(nèi)膜癌 子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥 電化學發(fā)光
近年來,卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌的發(fā)病率呈逐年上升的趨勢,卵巢癌是女性生殖系統(tǒng)死亡率最高的惡性腫瘤,半數(shù)以上診斷時已為晚期。5年生存率僅為35%[1],遠遠低于早期卵巢癌90%的5年生存率,因此早期診斷是改善卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵。CA125是傳統(tǒng)的盆腔腫瘤標志物[2],其特點是敏感性高,尤其對晚期卵巢癌的診斷效果良好,但其特異性較低,影響其臨床診斷的準確性。Moore等[3-4]報告新型腫瘤標志物人附睪分泌蛋白,與CA125相比對早期疾病具有高敏感性及高特異性的優(yōu)點,彌補了CA125早期診斷敏感性低、特異性較差的缺點。本文旨在通過檢測健康體檢者及盆腔疾病患者血清HE4水平,探討HE4在卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌診斷以及良惡性鑒別診斷中發(fā)揮的重要作用。目前,臨床常用的HE4的檢測方法有兩種,即電化學發(fā)光法和酶免法。本文分別應(yīng)用兩種方法檢測卵巢癌患者血清HE4水平,通過繪制受試者工作特征曲線并計算曲線下面積比較兩種方法檢測卵巢癌的效能。
選擇2012年6月至11月因婦科盆腔疾病入院,并擬行手術(shù)治療的患者,剔除存在其他原因影響腫瘤標志物檢測合并癥的患者,且臨床資料完整。以術(shù)后病理診斷為金標準,其中包括卵巢癌組85例、子宮內(nèi)膜癌組42例子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組21例、卵巢良性疾病組33例,同時收集女性健康體檢者血清30例作為健康對照組。本研究獲患者知情同意,符合倫理委員會相關(guān)規(guī)定。
清晨空腹抽取肘部靜脈血3 mL,3 000 r/min離心機中離心3 min,取上層血清待用。
采用德國羅氏E170電化學發(fā)光檢測儀及其配套的試劑(lot:168554)、定標液(lot:167348)、質(zhì)控液(lot:168721)及其他耗材,實驗前按常規(guī)對試劑進行定標及室內(nèi)質(zhì)控的檢測;酶免法檢測HE4采用康乃格公司生產(chǎn)的HE4檢測試劑盒,依次加入隨盒附帶標準品、質(zhì)控品及各檢測標本,具體步驟參照腫瘤標志物室人附睪分泌蛋白檢測SOP文件。
血清HE4水平頻數(shù)分布不對稱,呈偏態(tài)分布,以中位數(shù)表示。采用SPSS 17.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學處理,對不同疾病組間HE4的比較,分別采用多個獨立樣本的秩和檢驗及兩組間的秩和檢驗。比較兩種方法檢測準確性時繪制受試者工作曲線,并計算ROC-AUC,用以反映診斷試驗的準確性,其結(jié)果越接近1,說明診斷實驗的價值越高。電化學發(fā)光法與酶免法檢測結(jié)果的比較采用兩相關(guān)樣本秩和檢驗。當P<0.05時,為有統(tǒng)計學意義。
卵巢癌組及子宮內(nèi)膜癌組,血清HE4水平增高。卵巢癌組血清HE4水平明顯高于卵巢良性疾病組及健康對照組,子宮內(nèi)膜癌組血清HE4水平明顯高于子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組及健康對照組,而卵巢良性疾病組、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組及健康對照組三組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(表1)。
表1 各臨床分組ECLIA法檢測血清HE4濃度比較Table 1 HE4 concentrations in different groups as detected by ECLIA
血清HE4檢測在鑒別診斷卵巢癌與卵巢良性疾病及子宮內(nèi)膜癌與子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥中均具有很好的診斷準確性(ROC-AUC),由此分析其最佳判讀點及最佳判讀點時的敏感性及特異性(表2)。
分別采用電化學發(fā)光法及酶免法檢測血清HE4濃度(表3)。比較兩種方法檢測血清HE4水平是否相同,采用兩相關(guān)樣本的秩和檢驗,兩種方法檢測血清HE4水平有差異(P<0.001)。以卵巢良性疾病組作為對照組,分別繪制電化學發(fā)光法及酶免法兩種方法的受試者工作曲線(圖1,2),電化學發(fā)光法檢測血清HE4的ROC-AUC為0.869,酶免法ROC-AUC為0.794。兩種方法的最大約登指數(shù)分別為0.647和0.576,說明電化學發(fā)光法的檢測效果優(yōu)于酶免法。兩種方法鑒別診斷卵巢癌的最佳判讀值分別為86.02 pmol/L和76.76 pmol/L。
表2 ECLIA法檢測HE4在卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌的鑒別診斷中的性能評價Table 2 HE4 concentrations of the differential diagnosis of ovarian and endometrial cancers by ECLIA
表3 兩種方法血清HE4檢測濃度比較Table 3 HE4 concentrations as detected by ECLIA and ELISA
圖1 電化學發(fā)光法檢測HE4診斷卵巢癌的ROC曲線Figure 1 ROC curve of HE4 in the ovarian cancer group as detected by ECLIA
圖2 酶免法檢測HE4診斷卵巢癌的ROC曲線Figure 2 ROC curve of HE4 in the ovarian cancer group as detected by ELISA
CA125為傳統(tǒng)的盆腔腫瘤標志物,廣泛的應(yīng)用于卵巢癌的診斷、復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移的判斷及療效評估中,但在盆腔疾病的鑒別診斷中,其診斷準確性較低,在很多盆腔良性疾病中都有增高,如子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、子宮腺肌癥、盆腔炎癥等[5-6],因此臨床迫切需要一種靈敏度和特異度均較高的檢測項目,以利于卵巢癌的早期診斷及盆腔疾病的鑒別診斷。
人附睪分泌蛋白(HE4)基因是由Kirchhoff等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn)的,其編碼的蛋白質(zhì)在正常的卵巢組織幾乎不表達,在其他惡性腫瘤中低表達或不表達,在卵巢惡性腫瘤中表達上調(diào)[7],尤其對早期卵巢癌的診斷具有重要的診斷意義[3]。此外,有報道HE4也可作為診斷子宮內(nèi)膜癌的良好血清學標志物[8]。
本研究通過對211名女性血清HE4的檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),卵巢癌組血清HE4水平明顯高于卵巢良性疾病組及健康對照組;子宮內(nèi)膜癌組血清HE4水平明顯高于子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組及健康對照組;卵巢良性疾病組、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組及健康對照組三組差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。為了探討HE4在良惡性盆腔疾病中的診斷價值,分別以卵巢良性疾病組及子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥組作為對照組,計算卵巢癌及子宮內(nèi)膜癌組ROC-AUC,子宮內(nèi)膜癌組ROC-AUC為0.931,卵巢癌組ROC-AUC為0.869,說明HE4在鑒別子宮內(nèi)膜癌與子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥、卵巢癌與卵巢良性疾病中均具有很高的診斷意義,這與Nolen等學者的研究結(jié)果一致[9-11]。在卵巢癌的診斷中若能聯(lián)合檢測CA125,根據(jù)絕經(jīng)狀態(tài),計算出ROMA值,更有利于卵巢癌的風險評估。
若以0~140 pmol/L作為生物參考區(qū)間時,本研究中檢測的126例非癌標本特異性為100%,均遠遠的低于此參考值上限。本研究通過繪制受試者工作特征曲線,在約登指數(shù)最大的點篩查實驗的效果最好,在鑒別診斷卵巢癌與卵巢良性疾病時,HE4的最佳判讀值為86.02,在鑒別診斷子宮內(nèi)膜癌與子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥時,HE4的最佳判讀值為74.6,而此時的特異性也均為100%。說明適當?shù)慕档脱錒E4的生物參考區(qū)間,可以在不降低特異性的情況下提高檢測的敏感性,所以建議實驗室通過大樣本的檢測,建立合理的人附睪分泌蛋白生物參考區(qū)間,以提高檢測的準確性。
本研究分析了電化學發(fā)光法和酶免法兩種檢測方法的差異,結(jié)果示同一樣本ECLIA法檢測值高于ELISA法檢測值。通過比較兩種方法鑒別診斷卵巢癌的ROC-AUC,得知ECLIA法的曲線下面積更大,說明ECLIA法的診斷準確性高于ELISA法。
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(2012-12-28收稿)(2013-02-15修回)
Diagnosis of pelvic tumors by detecting human epididymis secretory protein via two methods
Peng ZHANG;E-mail:laopang.56@126.com
Department of Clinical Laboratory,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Tianjin City,Tianjin 300060,China
Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the importance of human epididymis protein 4(HE4)in both simple diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pelvic diseases.This study also aimed to compare the diagnostic results of electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Methods:HE4 in serum specimens of the following groups was subjected to ECLIA:malignant ovarian tumor(85 cases);endometrial cancer(42 cases);endometriosis(21 cases);benign ovarian disease(33 cases);and healthy women(30 cases).Median scores of these groups were compared.HE4 detected by simple diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pelvic tumors were analyzed.The most accurate interpretation of the diagnosis of ovarian and endometrial cancers was evaluated.To detect HE4 in the serum specimens of the groups with malignant ovarian tumor(85 cases)and benign ovarian diseases(33 cases),ECLIA and ELISAwere performed,respectively.Areceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Benign and malignant ovarian tumors were also detected by the two methods and results were analyzed.Results:The median scores of HE4 were significantly higher in malignant ovarian tumor and endometrial cancer groups than in healthy women,benign ovarian disease,and endometriosis groups.Ovarian benign disease and endometriosis groups did not have a significant difference compared with the healthy control group.For the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors,ROC-AUC of HE4 was 0.869.For the differential diagnosis of endometrial benign and malignant disease,ROC-AUC of HE4 was 0.931.The most accurate interpretations of HE4 were 86.02 and 74.6 pmol/L.For HE4 detected by ECLIAand ELISA,the benign ovarian tumor group was considered as the control group.The ROC-AUCs of HE4 detected by ECLIAand ELISAwere 0.869 and 0.794,respectively.Conclusion:High diagnostic and differential diagnostic results of HE4 were observed in the benign and malignant pelvic disease groups.ECLIA was more effective than ELISA in detecting HE4 for the diagnosis of ovarian canner.
human epididymis protein 4,ovarian cancer,endometrial cancer,endometriosis,electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay
10.3969/j.issn.1000-8179.2013.06.004
天津醫(yī)科大學附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗科,天津市腫瘤防治重點實驗室(天津市300060)
*本文課題受國家“863”課題(編號:2011AA02A111)資助
張鵬 laopang.56@163.com
Li JIA,Peng ZHANG
This study was supported by the State 863 Projects of China(Grant No.2011AA02A111)
(本文編輯:周曉穎)