瓦爾登湖

回想中學(xué)時(shí)期的語(yǔ)文課，就數(shù)講唐傳奇和《金瓶梅》（非課本內(nèi)容，純屬語(yǔ)文老師講水滸時(shí)多嘴）時(shí)聽得最認(rèn)真了，而對(duì)于《瓦爾登湖》只是隱約記得是篇描寫湖的散文。上大學(xué)時(shí)，得知《瓦爾登湖》是一名叫梭羅的哈佛畢業(yè)生在瓦爾登湖旁的樹林中獨(dú)自生活兩年多的生活感悟，卻不曾讀過(guò)。正如今，這被炎炎夏日煮沸的內(nèi)心忽然被這本書中譯本序的第一句話“你能把你的心安靜下來(lái)嗎？”鎮(zhèn)住，繼而又被作者對(duì)于生活的深刻觀點(diǎn)給點(diǎn)燃。至此也希望走過(guò)、路過(guò)、錯(cuò)過(guò)它的讀者共同來(lái)一探它的魅力。

二十世紀(jì)以來(lái)，美國(guó)的幾大出版社都把它列為美國(guó)高中文學(xué)教材的重要篇目，教材一般節(jié)選自《瓦爾登湖》的第二章“我生活的地方，我為什么生活”，以及作品的結(jié)束語(yǔ)；我們讀到的國(guó)內(nèi)教材一般節(jié)選自《湖》和《寂寞》兩個(gè)章節(jié)。一方重在說(shuō)理，一方重于體驗(yàn)（參考自王愛娣老師“中美語(yǔ)文教材里的《瓦爾登湖》”一文）。瓦爾登湖之美麗想必大家已從課本上探之，但是否美過(guò)清華園的荷塘，槳聲燈影中的秦淮河，各人自有定奪。本期書屋為大家節(jié)選的第二章的內(nèi)容，講的是梭羅為何要去湖邊、去林中。

he morning， which is the most memorable season of the day， is the awakening hour. Then there is least 1）somnolence in us； and for an hour， at least， some part of us awakes which 2）slumbers all the rest of the day and night. Little is to be expected of that day， if it can be called a day， to which we are not awakened by our Genius， but by the mechanical 3）nudgings of some 4）servitor， are not awakened by our own newly-acquired force and aspirations from within， accompanied by the 5）undulations of 6）celestial music， instead of factory bells， and a fragrance filling the air—to a higher life than we fell asleep from； and thus the darkness bear its fruit， and prove itself to be good， no less than the light. That man who does not believe that each day contains an earlier， more sacred， and 7）auroral hour than he has yet 8）profaned， has despaired of life， and is pursuing a descending and darkening way.

黎明啊，一天之中最值得紀(jì)念的時(shí)節(jié)，是覺(jué)醒的時(shí)辰。那時(shí)候，我們的昏沉欲睡的感覺(jué)是最少的了；至少可有一小時(shí)之久，整日夜昏昏沉沉的官能大都要清醒起來(lái)。但是，如果我們并不是被我們自己的稟賦所喚醒，而是被仆人機(jī)械地輕輕推醒的；如果并不是由我們內(nèi)心的新生力量和內(nèi)心的渴望來(lái)喚醒，既沒(méi)有那空中的芬香，也沒(méi)有回蕩的天籟般的音樂(lè)，而是由工廠的汽笛聲喚醒的我們，——如果我們醒來(lái)時(shí)，并沒(méi)有比睡前有了更崇高的生命，那么這樣的白天，即便能稱之為白天，也不會(huì)有什么希望可言；這樣黑暗便竊取了它的果實(shí)，證明它自己的功能并不下于白晝。一個(gè)人如果不能相信每一天都有一個(gè)比他褻讀過(guò)的更早、更神圣的曙光時(shí)辰，他一定是已經(jīng)對(duì)于生命失望的了，正在摸索著一條降入黑暗去的道路。

We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake， not by mechanical aids， but by an infinite expectation of the dawn， which does not 9）forsake us in our soundest sleep. I know of no more encouraging fact than the unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by a conscious endeavor. It is something to be able to paint a particular picture， or to carve a statue， and so to make a few objects beautiful； but it is far more glorious to carve and paint the very atmosphere and medium through which we look， which morally we can do. To affect the quality of the day， that is the highest of arts. Every man is tasked to make his life， even in its details， worthy of the 10）contemplation of his most elevated and critical hour. If we refused， or rather used up， such 11）paltry information as we get， the 12）oracles would distinctly inform us how this might be done.

我們必須學(xué)會(huì)再次蘇醒，更須學(xué)會(huì)保持清醒而不再昏睡，但不能用機(jī)械的方法，而應(yīng)寄托無(wú)窮的期望于黎明，這樣在最沉的沉睡中，黎明也不會(huì)拋棄我們。人類無(wú)疑是有能力來(lái)有意識(shí)地提高他自己的生命的，我沒(méi)有看到過(guò)比這更使人振奮的事實(shí)了。能畫出某一張畫，雕刻出某一個(gè)肖像，美化某幾個(gè)對(duì)象，是很了不起的；但更加榮耀的事是使我們能從中發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠塑造或畫出作品的那種氛圍與媒介，而且能使我們正當(dāng)?shù)赜兴鶠?。能影響?dāng)代的本質(zhì)的，是最高的藝術(shù)。每人都應(yīng)該把最崇高的和最緊急時(shí)刻內(nèi)他所想到的做到，使他的生命配得上他所想的，哪怕是在細(xì)小的地方也配得上。如果我們拒絕了，或者說(shuō)虛耗了我們得到的這一點(diǎn)微不足道的思想，神示自會(huì)清清楚楚地把如何做到這一點(diǎn)告訴我們的。

I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately， to front only the essential facts of life， and see if I could not learn what it had to teach， and not， when I came to die， discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life， living is so dear； nor did I wish to practise 13）resignation， unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the 14）marrow of life， to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to 15）rout all that was not life， to cut a broad 16）swath and shave close， to drive life into a corner， and reduce it to its lowest terms， and， if it proved to be mean， why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it， and publish its meanness to the world； or if it were 17）sublime， to know it by experience， and be able to give a true account of it in my next 18）excursion.

我到林中去，因?yàn)槲蚁Ｍ?jǐn)慎地生活，只面對(duì)生活的基本事實(shí)，看看我是否學(xué)得到生活要教給我的東西，免得到了臨死的時(shí)候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)我根本就沒(méi)有真正活過(guò)。我不希望度過(guò)非生活的生活，生活是這樣的可愛；我卻也不愿意去修行過(guò)隱逸的生活，除非是萬(wàn)不得已。我要生活得深深地把生命的精髓都汲取到，要生活得穩(wěn)穩(wěn)當(dāng)當(dāng)，生活得像斯巴達(dá)人一樣，以便根除一切非生活的東西，劃出一塊刈割的面積來(lái)，細(xì)細(xì)地刈割或修剪，把生活壓縮到一個(gè)角隅里去，把它縮小到最低的條件中，如果它被證明是卑微的，那么就把那真正的卑微全部認(rèn)識(shí)到，并把它的卑微之處公布于世界；或者，如果它是崇高的，就用切身的經(jīng)歷來(lái)體會(huì)它，在我下一次遠(yuǎn)游時(shí)，也可以作出一個(gè)真實(shí)的報(bào)道。