以父之名——那些開宗創(chuàng)派的偉人們

by P. M. Pen

While not all of these great men throughout history were actually biological fathers， they each made such significant[意義重大的] contributions[貢獻(xiàn)] to the world that they were given the title of“Father” in their respective[各自的] fields. Many achieved their accomplishments[成就] through hours of sweat and perseverance[堅(jiān)定不移] as they nurtured[養(yǎng)育，教育] their “babies，” and each deserves[應(yīng)該得到] a little recognition[贊譽(yù)] on this Fathers Day.

在以下多位歷史名人當(dāng)中，盡管不是所有人都真的當(dāng)上了父親，但他們都為世界作出了極其杰出的貢獻(xiàn)，因而在各自的領(lǐng)域中被尊稱為“父”。（他們當(dāng)中的）許多人在養(yǎng)育自己的“孩子”時(shí)付出了辛勤汗水以及不懈的努力，從而取得了驚人的成就。在這個(gè)父親節(jié)，每一位這樣的偉人都應(yīng)該得到一點(diǎn)小小的褒獎(jiǎng)。

Henry Ford： Father of Mass Production[大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)]

亨利·福特：量產(chǎn)之父

Most only know him as the man behind the Ford Model T注1； however， Ford is actually most famous for the method of making these vehicles[交通工具] that he introduced to the world. He was the first to design an assembly line[（工廠）裝配線]， which allowed manufacturers[廠商] to produce faster than ever before.

Ford had a son， Edsel， and they worked together in the family business for years.

大多數(shù)人只知道他創(chuàng)造了福特T型車；然而，讓福特真正成名的其實(shí)是他向世界介紹了生產(chǎn)汽車的方法。他是生產(chǎn)流水線的第一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)者——這種方式大大縮短了制造商的生產(chǎn)時(shí)間。

福特有一個(gè)兒子，名叫埃茲爾。兩父子多年來(lái)并肩作戰(zhàn)，共同打理家族生意。

Johann Sebastian Bach： The Father of Music

約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫：音樂(lè)之父

Bach is considered one of the greatest composers[作曲家] of all time. Though he was orphaned[使成為孤兒] at the young age of ten， his relatives took an interest in his life and nurtured his love of music. He was soon considered a child prodigy[神童] and awarded a scholarship[獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金] to an exclusive school[貴族學(xué)校]. He mastered the keyboard， the organ[管風(fēng)琴]， and the harpsichord[大鍵琴]， and could also play a variety of other instruments[樂(lè)器].

Bach began composing music at a young age， completing over 1，000 works， and his music would become one of the main influences[影響] of the Baroque period注2. He also became a father to 20 children， four of whom followed his passion and became well-known musicians.

巴赫被視為有史以來(lái)最偉大的作曲家之一。盡管他年僅十歲就成為孤兒，但親戚們照料著他長(zhǎng)大，培養(yǎng)了他對(duì)音樂(lè)的熱愛。人們很快便發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一名神童。巴赫獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，得以入讀一家貴族學(xué)校。他熟練掌握了鍵盤樂(lè)器、管風(fēng)琴以及大鍵琴，還能演奏很多其他樂(lè)器。

巴赫在年輕時(shí)便開始作曲，一生創(chuàng)作了逾千部作品，他的音樂(lè)成為巴洛克時(shí)期最具影響力的標(biāo)志之一。他還是二十個(gè)孩子的父親，其中四人繼承了他對(duì)音樂(lè)的熱情，成為知名音樂(lè)家。

Alexander Fleming： The Father of Penicillin[青霉素]

亞歷山大·弗萊明：青霉素之父

After World War I， Alexander Fleming decided that he would find an antibacterial[抗菌的] agent[藥劑] seeing so many poor soldiers suffering and dying from infectious[易感染的] wounds. While studying the properties[特性] of a bacterium[細(xì)菌]， he discovered the antibiotic[抗生素] penicillin quite by accident. After years of careful study， he recognized the magnitude[重大意義] of his discovery， and it was mass produced after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.

Can you imagine life today without this amazing discovery？

第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后，亞歷山大·弗萊明決心要找到一種抗菌劑，因?yàn)樗H眼目睹了許多可憐的士兵因?yàn)閭诟腥径鼙M折磨，不治身亡。他在研究細(xì)菌特性時(shí)無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了具有殺菌功能的青霉素。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的仔細(xì)研究，他終于意識(shí)到這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。珍珠港遇襲之后，該技術(shù)被投入大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。

如果沒(méi)有這項(xiàng)了不起的發(fā)現(xiàn)，你能想象今天的生活會(huì)是怎樣一副模樣嗎？

The Wright Brothers： The Fathers of Aviation[飛行，航空]

萊特兄弟：飛機(jī)之父

The Wright brothers were only a few years apart in age and had a fascination[強(qiáng)烈愛好] for all things that moved. They owned a bicycle business， but soon began to experiment with kites and other flying machines until they became the first humans to invent and fly an airplane with controls.

Neither married or had children， they gave their lives to continue their experiments and the development of aviation.

萊特家的兩兄弟年齡只差了幾歲，他們對(duì)一切會(huì)動(dòng)的東西都特別著迷。盡管他們經(jīng)營(yíng)著一家自行車店，這兩兄弟很快就開始用風(fēng)箏以及其他飛行器進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，最終成為最早發(fā)明并駕駛可控飛機(jī)進(jìn)行飛行的人。

他們兩人都沒(méi)有結(jié)婚，也沒(méi)有孩子，終其一生不斷試驗(yàn)，將生命獻(xiàn)給了飛行事業(yè)的發(fā)展。

J.R.R. Tolkien： Father of Modern Fantasy Literature[文學(xué)]

J. R. R. 托爾金：現(xiàn)代奇幻文學(xué)之父

Most of us have seen or heard of the epic[史詩(shī)] trilogy[三部曲] Lord of the Rings. It has become a popular film series[系列] that has attracted even more attention than the novels from which they were taken， written by J.R.R. Tolkien.

What you may not know about Tolkien is that he was born and spent the first few years of his life in a South African village. His father was on a search for diamonds there， but he died soon after. So Tolkien， his mother and younger brother moved back to England.

Tolkien became an English writer， poet， professor， and philologist[語(yǔ)言學(xué)者] who wrote many novels， but became famous mostly through the success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings series. Few other writings up until this time were written in high fantasy注3， and Tolkien inspired many other writers in this field. C.S. Lewis注4， another well-known English author， was Tolkiens closest friend.

我們當(dāng)中大多數(shù)人都看過(guò)或者聽說(shuō)過(guò)史詩(shī)式三部曲——《魔戒》。這套作品被拍成了大熱系列電影，其人氣甚至遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越了J. R. R. 托爾金所寫的原作小說(shuō)。

你也許不知道，托爾金出生于南非的一個(gè)小村落，并在那里度過(guò)了幼兒時(shí)代。他的父親在當(dāng)?shù)貙ふ毅@石，但沒(méi)多久就過(guò)世了，于是托爾金及其母親和弟弟一起回到了英格蘭。

托爾金后來(lái)成為了一位英國(guó)作家、詩(shī)人、教授以及語(yǔ)言學(xué)家。他寫了很多部小說(shuō)，其名氣卻要?dú)w功于《霍比特人》和《魔戒》系列的成功。在那時(shí)，嚴(yán)肅奇幻題材的作品并不多，托爾金為這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的其他作者樹立了榜樣。另一位著名的英國(guó)小說(shuō)家C. S. 劉易斯是托爾金最要好的朋友。

Albert Einstein： Father of Modern Physics

阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦：現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)之父

Einstein was a genius who actually came up with[想出] the theory of relativity[相對(duì)論] at the age of 16. At the age of 26， he published four papers which brought him world-wide fame as a scientist almost overnight. He came up with never-before-heard theories about relativity， gravity[重力]， and photoelectronics[光電子學(xué)]， and founded the theory behind the science of the atomic bomb[原子彈].

愛因斯坦是一位天才——他在16歲時(shí)就想出了相對(duì)論。26歲那年，他發(fā)表了四篇論文，讓他幾乎在一夜之間便成了舉世聞名的科學(xué)家。他在相對(duì)論、引力學(xué)、光電子學(xué)等方面提出了聞所未聞的科學(xué)理論，同時(shí)為原子彈科學(xué)奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。

Alexander Graham Bell： The Father of the Telephone

亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾：電話之父

Alexander Bell was an inventor from birth， it seemed， and had a heart for the deaf. He gave instruction in Visible Speech注5， working to help the deaf learn to speak properly. One of his pupils， Mabel Hubbard， eventually became his wife.

Alexander fatefully met Thomas A. Watson注6， and they discovered that they shared an interest as inventors. Together they worked to bring about the worlds first telephone， an invention that has forever changed our world.

亞歷山大·貝爾似乎是一位天生的發(fā)明家，而且對(duì)耳聾人士非常關(guān)心。他用“可見語(yǔ)言”指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，幫助耳聾人士學(xué)會(huì)正確發(fā)音。其中一名學(xué)生——梅布爾·哈伯德最后還成為了他的妻子。

猶如宿命一般，亞歷山大遇到了湯瑪斯·A. 沃特森，兩人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有著“發(fā)明”這個(gè)共同興趣。他們一同努力，最終創(chuàng)造出全世界第一部電話機(jī)——這項(xiàng)發(fā)明永遠(yuǎn)地改變了我們的世界。