研讀高考試題 分析被動語態(tài)

閆新娟

高考試題對被動語態(tài)的考查，注重基礎(chǔ)，加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用，靈活創(chuàng)新，試題設(shè)計(jì)綜合語境強(qiáng)。但受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，學(xué)生往往忽視。下面分析高考近幾年來對被動語態(tài)的考查點(diǎn)。

一、注重基礎(chǔ)，判斷好各種被動語態(tài)

1. The letters for the boss ___on his desk but he didnt read him until three days later. （2012天津.）

A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put

2. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____. （2012.四川）

A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt

[分析]： 1. A 句意：給老板的信放在他的桌子上，但他三天后才讀?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境及but分詞的時態(tài)可知前半句也應(yīng)該用過去時，故排除D項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)閘etters同but之間為被動關(guān)系，故排除C項(xiàng)；根據(jù)主語letters為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知B項(xiàng)不正確，所以選A項(xiàng)。2. A 句意：目前，他們正和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ㄖ?。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。房子與重建之間為被動關(guān)系，故排除D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意可知，“房子正在重建之中”，故選A。

二、分析語境，搞清時態(tài)、語態(tài)交融

3. ----What do you think of store shopping in the future？ （2011. 安徽）

----Personally， I think it will exist along with home shopping but _______.

A. will never replace B. would never replace

C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced

4. In the last few years thousands of films ______all over the world. （2011.天津）

A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced

[分析]：3. C 根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用一般將來時，故排除B 和 D兩項(xiàng)； it 指代store shopping，與replace 之間為被動關(guān)系，故答案為 C項(xiàng)。4. B. 句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界已經(jīng)制作了成千上萬部電影。in the last / past few years （在過去的幾年里）通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用；另外，根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句含有被動意義，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式。

三、記牢句式，明確特殊被動語態(tài)

5. It is often____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （2009.全國II）

A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said

6. During the period of recent terrorist activities， people____ not to touch any unattended bag. （2009. 上海）

A. had always been warned B. were always being warned

C. are always warning D. always warned

[分析]： 5. A. It said that…據(jù)說……，為固定句式。6. B. 進(jìn)行時與頻度副詞連用表達(dá)感情色彩，同時people與warn之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。

四、綜合判斷，注意非謂語動詞被動

7. George returned after the war， only ____that his wife had left him. （2012.山東卷）

A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told

8. I still remember____ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. （2009.陜西）

A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken

9. ______ to work overtime that evening， I missed a wonderful film. （2012.重慶）

A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked

[分析]：7. A. 本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語。由題干中的 only 可知要用不定式構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語，故選A 。 8. D. 句意：我仍記得被帶到法門寺，和在那看到的情景?！坝浀酶蛇^某事”用remember doing sth，主語I與remember之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用動名詞的被動語態(tài)。9. A.考查非謂語動詞作原因狀語的用法，非謂語動詞與主語I之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故排除B、C 兩項(xiàng)；不定式短語置于句首時通常表目的，故排除D項(xiàng)；having been asked 在本句中作原因狀語，故答案為A項(xiàng)。

五、通過辨析，增加語態(tài)考點(diǎn)難度

10. The loss has not yet been____ accurately， but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. （2009. 湖北）

A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled

11. A notice was____ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time. （2009.陜西）

A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up

[分析]：10. A. 句意：雖然損失還沒被精確計(jì)算，但人們認(rèn)為可能超過一億美元。calculate計(jì)算，推算；consider考慮，認(rèn)為；complete完成；control控制。11. D. 句意：張貼通知是為了提醒同學(xué)們演講時間的變動。put up張貼，搭建；send up發(fā)出，發(fā)射；give up放棄，停止；set up建立，創(chuàng)立。

六、加強(qiáng)應(yīng)用，夯實(shí)主動表示被動

12. I was out of town at the time， so I dont know exactly how it ____. （2009.山東）

A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened

13. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future ____to the well-educated. （2009.重慶）

A. belongs B. is belonged C. is belonging D. will be belonged

14. ---Do you want a lift home？ （2009.江西）

---Its very kind of you， but I have to work late in the office. I overslept this morning because my alarm clock ____.

A. doesnt go off B. wont go off C. wasnt going off D. didnt go off

[分析]：12. B. 句意：當(dāng)時我不在城里，所以我不知道事情是怎么發(fā)生的。happen不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)，只需從語境中分析時態(tài)。13. A. 14. D. 道理同上。

[動手練練]

1. Great changes ___ in the city， and a lot of building____.

A. have been taken place， have been set up B. have taken place， have been set up

C. are taken place， were set up D. were taken place， were set up

2. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I___ the cloth___ well.

A. have told， washes B. have been told， washes

C. was told， washed D. have been told， is washed

3. I still remember___ chess in class by my teacher about twenty years ago.

A. to be caught to play B. catching play

C. being caught playing D. having caught playing

4. The fruit____ fresh in his fruit stand sells well.

A. looking B. looked C. look D. to be looked

5. ____by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.

A. Having been misunderstood B. Being misunderstood

C. Having misunderstood D. Misunderstood

6. ---Whats the matter with him？

---Oh. His cellphone was left in a taxi accidently， never___ again.

A. to find B. finding C. to be found D. being found

7. Mum， I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _____ on Friday. （2012.遼寧）

A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid

8. ----Alvin， are you coming with us？ （2012.浙江）

----Id love to， but something unexpected ________.

A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up

9. Is honesty the best policy？ We _____that it is when we are little. （2012.上海）

A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught

10. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now ______later in life. （2012.湖南）

A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid

（ 陜西省洋縣中學(xué)）