院士風采

吳仲華

1917.07.27～1992.09.19

工程熱物理學家。原籍江蘇蘇州，。生于上海市。1940年畢業(yè)于西南聯合大學。1947年在美國麻省理工學院獲博士學位。中國科學院工程熱物理研究所研究眼、所長、名譽所長。50年代初發(fā)表的“軸流、徑流和混流式亞聲速與超聲速葉輪機械中三元流動的普通理論”論文，在國際上被稱為“吳氏通用理論”，其主要方程被稱為“吳氏方程”。60年代，提出了使用任意非正交速度分量的葉輪機械三元流動基本方程組?！皡鞘贤ㄓ美碚摗痹趪H上已被廣泛地應用于先進的航空發(fā)動機的設計中。他領導研究發(fā)展了整套亞、跨、超聲速計算機方法與計算機程序，已在國內廣泛應用。為提高我國能源利用水平做出了重大貢獻。

1957年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Engineering thermal physicist. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Southwest Associated University. Received Ph.D. from MIT,USA in 1947. Research professor, director and honorary director,Institute of Engineering Thermalphysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the early 1950s, Wu published his theme “ Universal Theory of Three-Element Flow in Axial-,Radial- and Mixed-flow Subsonic and Supersonic Blade Turbine Macninery” which was designated as “Wu’s universal theory ”, and the main equation of which was designated as “Wu equation ”. In the 1960sm he presented the basic equations using arbitrary non-norma speed components of the three-element flow in the blade turbine machinery. “Wu’s universal theory” has been widely used in the design of advanced aeronautical engines internationally. Under his leadership, a complete set of sub-, trans- and super- sonic speed computer methods and computer programs were developed and widely used. He made significant contributions to the improvement of utilization of China’s energy resources.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

汪菊潛

1906.12.29～1975.02.27

鐵路橋梁工程專家。上海市人。早年唐山交通大學畢業(yè)后，報送去美國康奈爾大學學習，獲碩士學位。鐵道部副部長、總工程師、研究員。在負責修復被嚴重破壞的錢塘江大橋工作中，應用了結構力學原理，采用套箱加固基礎，用少數排架頂換修補鋼梁等方法，使被嚴重破壞和變形的鋼梁恢復原狀，保證了修復質量。1958年，在參加指揮搶修被洪水沖毀的黃河鐵路大橋時，改變臨時結構，確定搶修方案，為大橋提前修復通車做出了貢獻。在主持武漢長江大橋全面技術工作時，同蘇聯專家在解決重大問題時密切合作，使大橋勝利提前建成。在主持新線鐵路建設工作中，大力提倡機械化和小型機械化相結合的施工方法，做出了顯著成就。

1957年被選聘為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Railway bridge engineering expert. Born in Shanghai.Graduated from Tangshan Jiaotong University. Received MS from Cornell University USA. Vice Minister, chief engineer and research professor, Ministry of Railways.

When taking charge of the reconstruction of the seriously damaged Qiantang River Bridge, Wang applied the principles of structural mechanics to consolidate the foundations with jacketed box and replaced steel beams with frame bents, made the deformed steel beams resumed to their original states and ensured the quality of the repayment. He led the rush repair work of the Yellow River Railway Bridge burst by flood in 1958 and made possible the open of traffic ahead of schedule. He also cooperated closely with the Soviet experts in solving major problems when directing the overall technical work of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge construction and made the Bridge construction a success.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1957.

王元

1930.04.30～

數學家。原籍江蘇鎮(zhèn)江，生于浙江蘭溪。1952年畢業(yè)于浙江大學。中國科學院數學研究所研究員。主要從事解析數論研究。50年代至60年代初，首先在中國將篩法用于哥德巴赫猜想研究，并證明了命題{3,4}，1957年又證明了{2,3}，這是中國學者首次在此研究領域躍居世界領先地位，其成果為國內外有關文獻頻繁引用。與華羅庚合作，于1973年證明了用分圓域的獨立單位系構造高維單位立方體的一致分布點貫的一般定理，被國際學術界成為“華—王方法”。70年代后期對數論在近似分析中的應用做了系統(tǒng)總結，產生了廣泛的國際影響。80年代在堆壘數論方面，將施密特定理推廣到任何代數數域，即在丟潘圖不等式組等方面做出先進的工作。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Lanxi, Zhejiang province. Graduated from Zhejiang University in 1952. Research professor, Institute of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In the 1950s and early 1960s, Wang employed for the first time in China the sieve method in the study of the Goldbach Conjecture and proved the proposition {3,4}, and later proved the proposition了{2,3}, in 1957. These results showed that Chinese scholars for the first time leapt to the world leading position in this field and were frequently quoted in corresponding literature both at home and abroad. Collaborated with Professor Hua Luogeng,he proved a general theorem on uniform distribution of highdimensional unit cube constructed with the independent set of units in cyclotomic field, which was acknowledged as “Hua- Wang Method” by the international academic circles. In the late 1970sm he systematically reviewed the application of number theory to approximate analysis and won international respect. In the 1980s,he succeeded in the generalization of the Schmidt Theorem on Diophantine inequalities of many variables to arbitrary algebraic number field.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

于敏

1926.08.16～

理論物理學家。河北寧河人。1949年畢業(yè)于北京大學。中國工程物理研究院研究院。在原子核的相干結構、原子核平均場的獨立粒子運動等方面和中子物理、統(tǒng)計物理、等離子體物理、爆轟物理和輻射流體力學方面取得了多項重要研究成果，解決了一系列核武器物理中基礎的問題。在核工業(yè)戰(zhàn)線進行了多項開創(chuàng)性研究；在氫彈突破中起了關鍵作用；相當長時期領導核武器理論研究和物理設計，對中國核武器突破與發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻；在核武器長遠目標選擇、技術途徑確定、技術關鍵分解等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。曾獲國家科技進步獎特等獎三次、自然科學獎一等獎一次。

1980年當選為中國科學院院士（學部委員）。

Theoretical physicist. Born in Ninghe, Hebei Province.Graduated from Peking University in 1949.Research professor,Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics.

Yu focuses his studies on the coherent structure of atomic nucleus and the independent particle movement in nuclear mean field as well as in neutron physics, statistical physics, plasma physics, detonation physics and radioactive hydrodynamics. He has made many important achievements which led to the solution of a series of fundamental problems in nuclear weapon physics.He carried out a lot of pioneering research projects for the nuclear industry and played a crucial role in hydrogen bomb invention.For a long time, he was in charge of the theoretical study and physical design of nuclear weapons and made great contributions to the development of Chinese nuclear weaponry. He also played an important role in the determination of long-term goals and technical approaches for the nuclear weapon development. He won 3 special prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award and a first prize of the National Natural Science Award.

He was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.