院士風(fēng)采

王承書(shū)

1912.06.26 ～1994.06.18

物理學(xué)家。女。原籍湖北武昌，生于上海。1934年畢業(yè)于燕京大學(xué)。1944年獲美國(guó)密執(zhí)安州立大學(xué)物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國(guó)核工業(yè)總公司研究員。主要從事受控聚變反應(yīng)、等離子體物理、同位素分離等方面的研究。在中國(guó)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了受控?zé)岷司圩兎磻?yīng)和等離子體物理等領(lǐng)域的研究并為其發(fā)展打下來(lái)堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。開(kāi)拓并領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了中國(guó)鈾同位素分離的研究，在有關(guān)理論及實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面做出重要成果。在擔(dān)任總設(shè)計(jì)師的中國(guó)第一臺(tái)大型濃縮鈾擴(kuò)散機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)制造過(guò)程中，既負(fù)責(zé)全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，又親自參加參數(shù)選擇等工作，并獲得良好成功。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)氣體離心法與激光分離鈾同位素的研究方面進(jìn)行了卓有成效的工作。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist.Female.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from Yenching University in 1934.Received Ph.D.in physics from Michigan State University.USA in 1944.Research professor.China National Nuclear Corporation.

Wang was mainly engaged in the research on controlled fusion reactions, plasma physics and isotope separation.She was the first in China to carry out studies in controlled thermonuclear fusion and plasma pjhysics and laid a solid foundation for the development of related investigations.She established and guided the uranium isotope separation studies in China and made important achievements in theoretical investigation and practical application.During her term as the chief designer of China’s first large-scaled enriched uranium diffuser, she was responsible for the overall organization and personally took part in the concrete work such as parameter selection, obtaining excellent successes.She also conducted fruitful work in guiding the studies on the gas centrifugal method and laser separation techniques for uranium isotope separation.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

王綬琯

1923.01.15 ～

天文學(xué)家。福建福州人。1943年畢業(yè)于馬尾海軍學(xué)校。1945年赴英國(guó)留學(xué)。1950年改攻天文并被聘入倫敦大學(xué)天文臺(tái)進(jìn)行研究工作。中國(guó)科學(xué)院北京天文臺(tái)研究員、臺(tái)長(zhǎng)、名譽(yù)臺(tái)長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)天文學(xué)會(huì)名譽(yù)理事長(zhǎng)。開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)的射電天文學(xué)觀測(cè)研究領(lǐng)域并進(jìn)行了卓有成效的推進(jìn)，且是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代天體物理學(xué)的主要奠基者之一。在主持提高中國(guó)時(shí)號(hào)精確度、開(kāi)拓并推動(dòng)天體測(cè)量學(xué)發(fā)展、負(fù)責(zé)北京天文臺(tái)及其射電天文研究的創(chuàng)建于發(fā)展等方面做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。負(fù)責(zé)成功地研制出多種重要的射電天文設(shè)備并取得多項(xiàng)創(chuàng)見(jiàn)性研究成果。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和管理中國(guó)天文工作中發(fā)揮了主導(dǎo)作用。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Astronomer.Born in Fuzhou, Fujian Province.Graduated from Mawei Naval Academy in 1943.Went to UK to study in 1945 majoring in astronomy and was employed by the London University of Observatory to do research in 1950.Research professor,director and honorary director, Beijing Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences, and honorary president, Chinese Astronomical Society.

Wang not only opened the field of Chinese radio astronomical observation and research and promoted it fruitfully, but also was one of the main founders of Chinese modern astrophysics.He managed to improve the accuracy of time signal and promoted the development of astrometry in China.He was responsible for the establishment and development of Beijing Astronomical Observatory and the research on radio astronomy and made important contributions.He was also responsible for the establishment of various kinds of important radio astronomical devices and obtained a number of original results.He played a versatile leading role in directing and managing Chinese astronomical work.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

鄧稼先

1924.06.25 ～1986.07.29

物理學(xué)家。安徽懷寧人。1945年畢業(yè)于西南聯(lián)合大學(xué)。1950年獲美國(guó)普渡大學(xué)物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。核工業(yè)部第九研究設(shè)計(jì)院研究員、院長(zhǎng)、核工業(yè)部科技委員會(huì)副主任、國(guó)防科工委科技委員會(huì)副主任。1958年以來(lái)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)開(kāi)展了爆轟物理、流體力學(xué)、狀態(tài)方程、中子輸運(yùn)等基礎(chǔ)理論研究，對(duì)原子彈的物理過(guò)程進(jìn)行了大量模擬計(jì)算和分析，從而邁開(kāi)了中國(guó)獨(dú)立研究設(shè)計(jì)核武器的第一步。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完成了中國(guó)第一顆原子彈的理論方案并參與指導(dǎo)核試驗(yàn)前的爆轟模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了氫彈設(shè)計(jì)原理、選定技術(shù)途徑的研究，組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)并親自參與了1967年中國(guó)第一顆氫彈的研制與試驗(yàn)工作。70年代初以來(lái)，在組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)與規(guī)劃中國(guó)新的核武器工作方面付出了艱辛的勞動(dòng)。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist.Born in Huaining, Anhui Province.Graduated from Southwest Associated University in 1945.Received Ph.D.in physics from Purdue University, USA in 1950.Research professor and president, the 9th Research Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and vice chairman, Committee of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry and Committee of Science and Technology of the State Commission of Science.Technology and Industry for National Defense.

Deng had organized and led the research programs of essential theories of detonic physics, fluid mechanics, state equations and neutron transport since 1958 and carried out enormous simulation computations and analyses about the physics process of the atomic bomb, making the first step of China’s indigenous study and design of nuclear weapons.The theoretical concepts for China’s first atomic bomb were worked out under his guidance.He also jointly directed the detonation simulation experiments prior to the nuclear explosion test.He was in charge of the research on the designing principles and technical approaches and organized,directed and participated in the development of China’s first hydrogen bomb which was successfully exploded in 1967 and the test work.Since the early 1970s, he had put in a lot of hard work in organizing, directing and formulating the progress of Chinese nuclear weapons.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.

葉叔華

1927.06.21 ～

天文學(xué)家。女。原籍廣東順德，生于廣州。1949年畢業(yè)于廣州中山大學(xué)。中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海天文臺(tái)研究員、臺(tái)長(zhǎng)。主要從事綜合世界時(shí)的精確測(cè)定和地球自轉(zhuǎn)等方面的觀測(cè)研究。50年代至70年代建立并發(fā)展了中國(guó)的綜合世界時(shí)工作，在各天文單位的合作下，使中國(guó)的綜合世界時(shí)系統(tǒng)精度從1963年起進(jìn)入并一直保持國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。1978年以來(lái)在組織中國(guó)各天文臺(tái)參加國(guó)際地球自轉(zhuǎn)聯(lián)測(cè)并推進(jìn)有關(guān)新技術(shù)在中國(guó)的建立、負(fù)責(zé)中國(guó)甚長(zhǎng)基線射電干涉網(wǎng)的建設(shè)、負(fù)責(zé)并在“現(xiàn)代地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)和地球動(dòng)力學(xué)研究”重大關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)目研究等方面取得了重要成就。

1980年當(dāng)選為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Astronomer.Female.Born in Guangzhou.Graduated from Zhongshan University in 1949.Research professor and director,Shanghai Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, International Astronomical Union ( 1988-1994 ) , and vice president, Chinese Association for Science and Technology.

Ye is mainly engaged in the precise determination of synthesized universal time and the observation and study of the earth rotation.From the 1950s to 1970s, she established and developed the research work of Chinese synthesized universal time.With the collaboration of astronomical units, the accuracy of Chinese synthesized universal time system has reached the international advanced level since 1963.Since 1978, she has made important achievements in organizing Chinese astronomical observatories to join the international united observations of the earth rotation and promoting the establishment of related new technologies in China.She is in charge of the construction of Chinese very long baseline interferometer network, and recently,the major key project of “ the research of modern crust motion and geodynamics ”.

She was elected Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1980.