院士風(fēng)采

楊廷寶1901.10.02～1982.12.23

建筑學(xué)家、建筑教育家。河南南陽人。1921年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。南京工學(xué)院副院長、教授。我國近代建筑設(shè)計科學(xué)的重要創(chuàng)始人之一。在創(chuàng)造具有我國特色的建筑風(fēng)格上，做出了重大貢獻。50多年來，完成了100多項各種類型的建筑工程設(shè)計。在設(shè)計工作中主張博采各家之長，兼容并蓄，勇于創(chuàng)新，注重因地制宜，強調(diào)符合國情。他的設(shè)計具有穩(wěn)健、凝重、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、莊重的風(fēng)格。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Architect and educationist on architecture.Born in Nanyang,Henan Province.Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1921.Vice provincial governor, Jiangsu Province, and professor and vice president,Nanjing Polytechnic University.

Yang was one of the important founders of modern architecture design science in China.He made great contributions to creating Chinese characteristics in architecture.He completed more than 100 architectural engineering designs of various types in more than 50 years.He stressed to absorb the advantages of different schools, to be inventive, to adopt suitable measures to local conditions and to conform to the national condition.His style of design was steady, imposing,rigorous and solemn.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李 強1905.09.26～1996.09.29

無線電專家。江蘇常熟人。1923年就讀于上海東華大學(xué)（原南洋路礦?？茖W(xué)校）土木科。對外經(jīng)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟合作部教授。1928年受中共中央委托，擔(dān)負(fù)研究無線電收發(fā)報機的任務(wù)。1929年春，研制成功我黨第一批無線電收發(fā)報機。黨中央用此機器開始向各城市、各蘇區(qū)通報。1931年在蘇聯(lián)有點人民委員會研究員工作，主要研究電器遠距離通訊。曾研制大功率無線電發(fā)射機，運用物理學(xué)分析，研究過各種無線電發(fā)射天線，演算出發(fā)射菱形天線的計算公式，對其它天線，如超低水平天線、德律風(fēng)天線等也研究了計算公式。1947年負(fù)責(zé)解放區(qū)的電訊工作，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)制造了大功率發(fā)射機和定向天線。中華人民共和國成立后，接受了國民黨部分省市

的廣播電臺，創(chuàng)建了大功率的廣播機和中波廣播天線。1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Radio electronics specialist.Born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province.Entered the Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Donghua University (originally the Nanyang College of Railway and Mining ) in 1923.Professor, Ministry of Foreign Trade, and consultant, the State Council.

Entrusted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Li was in charge of investigating radio transmitter-receiver.In the Spring of 1929, he successfully developed the first batch of radio transmitter-receivers for the Communist Party.The Central Committee used them to communicate with cities and Chinese Soviet Areas.He worked in the Academy of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the Soviet Union in 1931, mainly studying long distance telecommunication.He studied and manufactured high power radio transmitters.Based on physical analyses, he studied various types of radio transmission antenna and obtained a formula for calculating rhombus transmission antenna.He also investigated calculation formulae of other types of antenna, such as antenna with ultralow level.He was in charge of the telecommunication work in the Liberated Areas in 1947 and led the development of high power transmitters and directional antenna.After the founding of the P.R.China, he was in charge of taking over some broadcasting stations of the Kuomintang regime and the development of high power broadcasting transmitters and broadcasting antenna in medium wave.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李薰1913.11.20～1983.03.20

物理冶金學(xué)家。湖南邵陽人。1936年畢業(yè)于湖南大學(xué)。1940年獲英國雪菲爾德大學(xué)冶金學(xué)院哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位，1951年獲冶金學(xué)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院副院長、中國科學(xué)院金屬研究所研究員。在飛機引擎主軸斷裂原因的研究中，發(fā)現(xiàn)鋼中氫脆的奧秘和規(guī)律，證明了鋼的內(nèi)部發(fā)裂是由于氫的存在引起的，并以擴散、溶解度和鋼的結(jié)構(gòu)等關(guān)系，闡明了不同溫度下鋼材尺寸大小、時間與鋼中氫含量的關(guān)系，對世界各國鋼鐵技術(shù)一直有著非常重大的影響。在他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下中國科學(xué)院金屬研究所開拓了鈾冶金、鑄造高溫合金、難熔金屬、高溫物理性能測試、稀土在鋼中應(yīng)用等研究領(lǐng)域并取得許多重要成果。為中國第一顆原子彈、第一顆重返地面人造衛(wèi)星、第一架超音速噴氣飛機、第一艘核潛艇提供關(guān)鍵材料做出了重要貢獻。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physical metallurgist.Born in Shaoyang, Hunan Province.Graduated from Hunan University in 1936.Rcecived Ph.D.from Sheffield University, UK in 1940 and D.Met.In 1951.Research professor and first director, Institute of Metals Research and vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

During his early years in UK, Li discovered the secrete and the principle of hydrogen brittleness in steels when he conducted a research project of seeking out the cause of an accidental crack in aircraft engine shaft.He proved that the internal hair-crack in steel is due to the existence of hydrogen in the material.From the view point of diffusion, solubility and structure of steel, he expounded the relationship of time-temperature-size and hydrogen content in steel products, which produced great impact on the iron and steel technology in the world and made him the acknowledged pioneer in this field.Under his leadership, scientists in the Institute of Metals Research studied uranium metallurgy, high temperature cast alloys,refractory metals and alloys, measurements of physical properties of materials under high temperature cast alloys, refractory metals and alloys, measurements of physical properties of materials under high temperature, and application of rare earth in steel and so on.Several important achievements have been made, such as the increase of the yield and the improvement of the quality of steel production,the construction of Wuhan and Baotou iron and steel plants and the establishment of the alloy steel system of Chinese grade.He made great contributions to the research and development of key materials used in the first atomic bomb, first recovery satellite, first supersonic aircraft and first atomic submarine in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

李文采1906.06.06～2000.03.01

鋼鐵冶金學(xué)家。湖南永順人。1931年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)。冶金工業(yè)部北京鋼鐵研究總院高級工程師。1949年后，參加上海區(qū)的重工業(yè)企業(yè)的接管工作，整頓了上海的各鋼鐵廠，成立了上海國營鋼鐵公司。還規(guī)劃了滬、杭、寧的電力網(wǎng)工程。1954年～1958年期間，配合各大鋼鐵聯(lián)合企業(yè)的礦石、煤焦、耐火材料檢驗等方面的基本建設(shè)工程的需要，組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了大量的試驗研究工作。首次在我國半噸轉(zhuǎn)爐試驗了純氧頂吹，煉成合格鐵水?dāng)?shù)百余爐，進行過真空下鑄鐵和連續(xù)鑄錠試驗。完成了型焦（熱壓焦）的實驗室試驗工作，參加了太原鋼鐵廠和福州的型焦半工業(yè)性試驗。在首鋼、包鋼、淄博硫酸廠、湛江鋼廠進行熔融鐵礦用炭還原制取鐵水的試驗，都得到了預(yù)期的結(jié)果。在綜合利用我國礦產(chǎn)資源和鋼鐵工業(yè)技術(shù)改造方面，向有關(guān)部門提出許多建議。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Iron and steel metallurgist.Born in Yongshun, Hunan Province.Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotng University in 1931.Senior engineer,Beijing Iron and Steel Research Institute, Ministry of Metallurgical Industry.

After the liberation in 1949, Li took part in the takingover of heavy industrial enterprises in Shanghai and was engaged in the establishment of Shanghai State Iron and Steel Corporation after adjustment and consolidation of various iron and steel works in Shanghai.He planned the electrical power network in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing.During the period between 1954 to 1958, he organized and took charge of a large amount of test and research work on the inspection of crude ore, coking coal and refractory materials in the capital construction of major integrated iron and steel works.He was the first in China to test the top-blown pure oxygen converter and smelted more than hundred heats of qualified steel.He conducted the test of vacuum steel casting and continuous casting.He completed the laboratory test for form-coke,and took part in its pilot plant test in Taiyuan Iron and Steel Works and in Fuzhou.He carried out the experiments of iron making through smelting reduction process in Shuduo and Batou iron and steel plants,Zibo Sulfuric Plant and Zhanjiang Steel Works, with useful results obtained.He also made many proposals to the relevant departments concerning the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and the technical transformation of China’s iron and steel industry.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.