院士風(fēng)采

靳樹梁1909.01.03～2001.01.01

冶金學(xué)家。河北徐水人。1920年畢業(yè)于北洋大學(xué)。東北工學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)、教授。參加拆遷漢陽和六河溝鋼鐵廠至大渡口，以及組建威遠(yuǎn)鋼鐵廠。1943年因改進(jìn)高爐爐頂布料裝置獲中國(guó)工程師學(xué)會(huì)論文獎(jiǎng)，并先后獲幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明專利。1949年后，在恢復(fù)鞍鋼和本鋼生產(chǎn)中，深入實(shí)際，卓有成效。在任東北工學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)期間，經(jīng)常到工廠研究解決生產(chǎn)中的問題，如領(lǐng)導(dǎo)本溪高爐結(jié)瘤的研究，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)總結(jié)高爐強(qiáng)化經(jīng)驗(yàn)，研究高爐降料理論，提出“風(fēng)口區(qū)焦炭運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律——袋式效應(yīng)”、懸料機(jī)理、造渣理論等。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)教研室開展攀枝花釩鈦磁鐵礦高爐冶煉的科學(xué)研究，取得突破性成就。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Metallurgist. Born in Xushui, Hebei Province. Graduated from Beiyang University in 1920. Professor and president, Northeast Engineering College.

Jin constructed the Liuhegou, Dadukou, Weiyuan and other steel works. He was awarded the thesis prize of Chinese Engineers Society for his improvement of the distribution to the device of blastfurance in 1943 and received some invention patents. During the restoration of Anshan and Benxi steel works, he went right to the practice and achieved great success since 1949. When he was the president of Northeast Engineering College, he often went down to the factories to investigate and solve production problems. He instructed the study of Benxi blastfurnace nodule, the summary of the intensified experience of blastfurnace, the descending theory and pocket effect of blast tuyere, the hanging mechanism, the theory of slag making and so on. He led his teaching and research section to carry out scientific research on blastfurnace smelting of V-Ti magnetic mineral in Panzhihua and made a breakthrough.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

雷天覺1913.01.29～2005.11.04

機(jī)械學(xué)專家。湖南瀏陽人。1935年畢業(yè)于北平大學(xué)工學(xué)院。機(jī)械工業(yè)部機(jī)械科學(xué)研究院高級(jí)工程師。幾十年來在精密計(jì)量、精密加工、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、靜壓技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。研制成工具磨床、內(nèi)圓磨床和鏜床，達(dá)到當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)際水平。研制成離心加油式高速滑動(dòng)軸承和角式光波干涉儀，均已用于磨床設(shè)計(jì)。還研究了調(diào)相式變量油泵，被國(guó)外引用生產(chǎn)。60年代負(fù)責(zé)研制1/10秒的分度機(jī)構(gòu)，該裝置的精度達(dá)到了國(guó)際同類儀器的先進(jìn)水平。還與人合作并負(fù)責(zé)研制成具有獨(dú)特優(yōu)點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的臺(tái)階式靜壓螺帽和靜壓式軸承。主持跨音速風(fēng)洞用的柔壁噴管的技術(shù)工作。開發(fā)了振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)激振器用彈性流體靜壓軸承。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Machinery expert. Born in Liuyang, Hunan Province, Graduated from the Engineering College, Peking University in 1935. Senior engineer, Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Ministry of Machine-Building Industry.

Lei has made important contributions in the fields of precision measurement, precision finishing machine design and techniques of hydrostatic and aerostatic support of rubbing surfaces. He successfully manufactured the cutter grinders, internal grinders and boring machines which reached the then world advanced level, and the high speed sliding bearings with centrifugal lubrication as well as light interferometer which measured angles to an accuracy up to 0.002 second. He also investigated phase-modulation variable oil pump which was exported and produced by foreign countries. In the 1960s, he was responsible for developing an angle-dividing device with precision of 1/10 second, which was of the world advanced level. He is also responsible for successfully developing several types of hydrostatic supported screw and nut. In addition, he directed the technical work of manufacturing the nozzle with flexible walls used in the transonic wind tunnel and developed the elastic fluid hydrostatic bearing used in the vibration exciter of vibration testing mount.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

褚應(yīng)璜1908.03.16～1985.04.21

電機(jī)制造專家。浙江嘉興人。1931年畢業(yè)于上海交通大學(xué)。機(jī)械工業(yè)部科技司顧問、研究員。30年代首次研究成功我國(guó)中小型交流異步電動(dòng)機(jī)系列產(chǎn)品。主持設(shè)計(jì)了哈爾并電機(jī)廠第一期工程，組織研制了800千瓦、3000千瓦、10000千瓦水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組；負(fù)責(zé)堅(jiān)定了我國(guó)第一臺(tái)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)（6000千瓦）；負(fù)責(zé)籌建了電器科學(xué)研究院；組織編寫了《十二年科技發(fā)展規(guī)劃》的電工部分；指導(dǎo)研制了十萬千瓦水輪發(fā)電機(jī)組，為我國(guó)自己生產(chǎn)大型水電機(jī)組奠定了基礎(chǔ)；負(fù)責(zé)國(guó)際電工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)咨詢與推廣工作，主持制定了中國(guó)電壓、電流與頻率等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；組織我國(guó)中小型電動(dòng)機(jī)及低壓電器新系列的統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)，為我國(guó)電器工業(yè)的發(fā)展做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Specialist in electric machine manufacturing. Born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 1931. Research professor and advisor, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Machinery-Building Industry.

In the 1930s, Chu successfully developed for the first time the series of alternating synchronous motors of medium or low power. He directed and designed the first-stage engineering project of the Harbin Electric Machines Plant. He organized and developed water turbogenerator sets of 800Kw, 3,000Kw and 10,000Kw, took the responsibility for appraising the first Chinese made 6,000Kw steam turbogenerator, and established the Institute of Science of Electrical Appliances. He organized the drawing of the electrical engineering part in the Twelve-Year Scheme for the Development of Science and Technology and guided the development of 100,000Kw hydroelectric generating set, laying foundation for the production of Chinese made high-power hydroelectric units. He took the responsibility for the technological consultation and popularization of the international electrotechnical standard in China, directed the formulation of grade scales for voltage, current and frequency in China and organized the unified design of new series of electromotors and low-voltage electrical apparatus of low and medium power, making contributions to the development of electrical apparatus industry in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡方蔭1901.04.27～1963.12.13

土木建筑結(jié)構(gòu)專家。江西南昌人。1925年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1928年獲美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位。建筑工程部建筑科學(xué)研究院副院長(zhǎng)兼總工程師。在學(xué)術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)方面，分析和總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外常用一般剛構(gòu)分析方面的各種“力矩一次分配法”，并提出了更簡(jiǎn)化實(shí)用的方法，同時(shí)提出了計(jì)算變截面梁、柱的“I0/I圖鉅面積法”來計(jì)算各撓曲常數(shù)。在對(duì)橫梁為桁梁的剛構(gòu)方面，采取了簡(jiǎn)便而切合實(shí)用的“柱頂力鉅作用”和“桁架跨變影響”兩項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則，簡(jiǎn)化地按一般剛構(gòu)分析方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，能獲得與“最小功法”和“”冗力法同樣精確的結(jié)果。

1955年被選聘為中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Expert in civil engineering architectural structure. Born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1925. Received MS from MIT,USA in 1928. Vice president and chief engineer, Chinese Research Institute for Building Sciences. Ministry of Building Engineering.

Cai analyzed and summed up various forms of the “One-step momentum distribution method” in general rigid structureanalysis conventionally used and forwarded a more simplified and practical method. Meanwhile, he proposed the I0/I chart rectangular area method for calculating the beams and columns of varying cross-sections to calculate the deflection constants. In the respect of rigid structure using the main beam as the grid formation, he adopted two simplified and practical criteria, the co.umn top momentum action and the grid formation spanning effect, to conduct the calculation concisely following the general rigid structure analysis, achieving results as precise as those of the minimum work method and redundant force method.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.