基于HFSS的不同饋電貼片天線小型化的研究

盧露

摘要：分析貼片天線工作原理，通過(guò)推導(dǎo)公式計(jì)算出天線參數(shù)，運(yùn)用Ansoft公司的有限元分析軟件HFSS優(yōu)化修正參數(shù)的設(shè)置。并分析在不同的的饋電方式以及不同的介質(zhì)材料下貼片天線在S參數(shù)，帶寬，占用面積以及增益等參數(shù)。背饋式貼片天線擁有較寬帶寬，占用面積較小，阻抗匹配也較好，而側(cè)饋式天線方向性好，增益較大。在選擇材料時(shí)采用硅基底比FR4有較低S參數(shù)和較小的占用面積，但是方向性較弱。

關(guān)鍵詞：貼片天線；HFSS；帶寬；S參數(shù)；增益

中圖分類號(hào)：TN828文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào)：1009-3044(2012)16-4013-04

Investigation of Difference Feed Patch Antenna Miniaturization Based on HFSS

LU Lu

(Shool of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China)

Abstract: Analysis the operating principle of the patch antenna, deduce formulars to calculate the antenna parameter, use the Ansofts HFSS finite element analysis software to amend and optimize the parameters. And research the divergence of the S parameter, bandwidth, area used and gain when we impel the antenna in different position with different dykanol. Back fed patch antenna has a wider relative and absolute bandwidth, smaller footprint and impedance matching is also better, the side-fed antenna has superior directivity and gain. If we choice the silicon as the material of substrate will have a lower S parameter and a smaller area used than FR4, but the directivity is weak.

Key words: patch antenna; HFSS; bandwidth; S parameter; gain

微帶貼片天線是在有金屬接地板的介質(zhì)基片上沉積或貼附所需形狀金屬構(gòu)成的天線，它使用微帶貼片作為輻射源，一般應(yīng)用在1至50GHz的頻率范圍，有體積小，重量輕，低剖面，能與載體共形，電性能多樣化，易集成，饋電方式靈活，便于獲得線極化和圓極化等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1]。常用的一類微帶天線是在一個(gè)薄介質(zhì)基(如聚四氟乙烯玻璃纖維壓層)上，一面附上金屬薄層作為接地板，另一面用光刻腐蝕等方法作出一定形狀的金屬貼片，利用微帶線和軸線探針對(duì)貼片饋電，這就構(gòu)成了微帶天線。這兩種天線根據(jù)其饋電方式不同，前者為側(cè)饋式微帶天線，后者為背饋式微帶天線。

該文主要研究了兩種饋電方式的微帶天線在激勵(lì)為2.45GHz時(shí)的電磁場(chǎng)分布，對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了比較分析。

該文主要建立了三個(gè)貼片天線的模型，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了理論分析，并運(yùn)用Ansoft公司的HFSS軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行了仿真分析，并對(duì)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了比較，根據(jù)對(duì)其各項(xiàng)性能的需要，從天線增益、帶寬或者阻抗匹配的角度選擇合適的材料和饋電方式，得出結(jié)論是背饋式在小型化方面由于側(cè)饋式，也可以才用高介質(zhì)材料的基片來(lái)縮小尺寸。隨著天線技術(shù)的發(fā)展，貼片天線的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域也會(huì)變得越來(lái)越廣泛。

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