完成句子中的名詞性從句

周興旺

名詞性從句是高考湖北卷完成句子題型的考查內(nèi)容之一，它有主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句這個(gè)四個(gè)類別。本文結(jié)合湖北省高考試題，談?wù)勗谕瓿删渥宇}型中中名詞性從句的運(yùn)用。

一、正確的語(yǔ)序和連接詞的確定

1._{Whether he has been abroad or not}(他是否出過(guò)國(guó)) doesnt make much difference. (abroad)

2. With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _{what my hometown will be like}(我的家鄉(xiāng)會(huì)是怎樣) in ten years.（what）

3. _{Whatever one has planned}(任何計(jì)劃好了的事) is sure to change as one puts it into practice. (whatever)

4._{What delighted the fans/What made the fans delighted}(令球迷欣喜的) was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)

5._{That we should stay clam}( 我們應(yīng)該保持鎮(zhèn)靜) in face of danger matters much in case of emergency. (stay)

從以上五個(gè)例句可以看出：名詞性從句的連接詞應(yīng)放在從句的前面，連接詞后面應(yīng)為陳述語(yǔ)序。從句的連接詞大部分可以從字面上確定，如1、2、3這三個(gè)例句。但也有字面上難以確定的情況，這個(gè)時(shí)候就連接詞在從句中所作的成分，如4、5兩個(gè)例句中的what和that。選擇what還是that的關(guān)鍵是看其在句中是否作相應(yīng)的成分，如果不作任何成分，就用that，如例句5；如果作了主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則用what，如例句4，what就在句中作主語(yǔ)。

If和whether在名詞性從句中不作任何成分，引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可以通用，但介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句不能用if引導(dǎo)，只能用whether。例如：

1. However, scientists still wonder whether/if cloning will help or harm and where it is leading us. Whether在該句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用if代替。

2. It all depends on_{whether we can get their co-operation.}Whether在句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，不能用if代替，因?yàn)樗诮樵~on的后面。

3. His first question was_{whether Holmes had arrived yet.}Whether在該句中引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，不能用if代替。

4. The question_{whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.}Whether在該句中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能用if代替。

5. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on_{Whether this problem can be solved.}Whether在該句中引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不能用if代替。

二、時(shí)態(tài)的一致性

1. I havent the slightest idea (of) _{what he is talking about}（他在說(shuō)什么）.

2. The fact_{that he has failed (for) several times}(他失敗了數(shù)次) makes him very upset. (he fail)

3. The news_{that the house prices will fall}(房?jī)r(jià)要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.

從這三個(gè)例句可以看出，名詞性從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)的制約，要和主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。如：例句1的主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；例句2的主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；例句3的主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

當(dāng)然，也有主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)不一致的情況，例如：

Do you know_{when the ancient Olympic Games began?}

When I was a little boy, the teacher told me_{that light travels much fast than sound.}

三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的正確運(yùn)用

After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground_{that it (should) land}(它著陸) as scheduled the next day.

在上面的例句中，that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句作the command的同位語(yǔ)，所以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在名詞性從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣常常用于下列的一些句式中：

1. 在It is necessary/natural/important/strange ... + that從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且should可以省略。

It is necessary that I_{(should) get the text of my revision typed this morning.}

Ah, it is natural that you_{(should) forget it first.}

2. 表示“建議，命令，要求”的動(dòng)詞，后接that從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，且should可以省略。

Bobs doctor_suggeststhat he_{(should) rest}for a few days.

He_orderedthat the work_{(should) be started}at once.

3. 表示“建議，命令，要求，想法”的名詞，后接that從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，且should可以省略。這類名詞有：advice, agreement, command, decision, demand, determination, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, desire等。

He made the_suggestionthat they_{carry on}their conversation in French.

This is our only_requestthat this_{(should) be settled as}soon as possible.

同樣，如果主語(yǔ)是表示“建議，命令，要求，想法”等意思的名詞，后接that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，且should可以省略。

His suggestion is that we_{(should) make}improvements in our service.

Their decision is that the school_{(should) remain}closed.

練習(xí)

1. Parents always desire________________in school. (desire)

父母總是期望他們的孩子在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)良好。

2.________________is that he should have nothing to be afraid of/fear. (surprise）

使我們感到驚異的是他居然什么也不害怕。

3. It doesnt make much difference________________ . (attend)

他參加不參加會(huì)議沒(méi)多大關(guān)系。

4.________________should be done well.（worth）

任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好。

5.________________is still a secret. (leave)

他們?yōu)槭裁措x開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去云南仍然是個(gè)謎。

6. It is not clear yet ________________. (blame)

誰(shuí)應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)還不清楚。

7. It is absolutely necessary ________________to the outside world. (open)

打開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén)，實(shí)行開(kāi)放，這是絕對(duì)必要的。

答案

1. that their children behave well

2. What makes us surprised/What surprises us

3. whether he attends the meeting or not

4. Whatever is worth doing

5. Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

6. who is to blame for this matter

7. that we（should） open our door