院士風(fēng)采

劉崇樂1900.09.20～1969.01.06

昆蟲學(xué)家。原籍福建福州，生于上海。1926年畢業(yè)于清華學(xué)校生物學(xué)及化學(xué)專業(yè)，同年獲美國康奈爾大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院動物研究所研究員、中國科學(xué)院云南分院副院長兼昆明動物研究所所長。長期從事生物學(xué)教學(xué)、生物防治、資源昆蟲學(xué)和昆蟲文獻(xiàn)學(xué)研究。在昆蟲學(xué)的人才培養(yǎng)及圖書文獻(xiàn)收藏方面卓有建樹。對我國資源昆蟲特別是紫膠蟲的調(diào)查、研究、利用及擴(kuò)大新產(chǎn)區(qū)頗有貢獻(xiàn)。是中國利用天敵資源進(jìn)行害蟲生物防治的創(chuàng)始人之一。早年曾對中國胡蜂科昆蟲進(jìn)行研究。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Entomologist.Born in Shanghai.Graduated from the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Qinghua School in 1926 and received Ph.D.from Cormell University in the same year.Professor, Institute of Zoology, director, Kunming Institute of Zoology, and vice president,Yunnan Branch, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Liu was long engaged in the teaching of biology and research on biological control, resource entomology and entomology-related literature.He made great contributions to the training of talents and the collection of books and literature in entomology.He also contributed greatly to the investigation, research, utilization and eppansion fo production areas of resource insects, especially lac insects in China.He was one of the founders in utilizing natrual enemy to control insect pests and conduct research on the Vespidae in hes early years.

He became Member of the Chinese Acadmey of Sciences in 1955.

湯佩松1903.11.12～2001.09.06

植物生理學(xué)家。湖北浠水人。1925年畢業(yè)于清華學(xué)校。1927年在美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)獲學(xué)士學(xué)位，1930年在美國約翰·霍普金斯大學(xué)研究院獲哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院植物研究所研究員、名譽(yù)所長。早年發(fā)現(xiàn)海星卵受精后呼吸增強(qiáng)和細(xì)胞色素氧化酶在植物中的存在。1946年用綠色小球藻證明光合作用的氧化還原電位勢在光暗下的差異，從而確證了VanNiel學(xué)說；提出了完整的植物呼吸代謝的控制與被控制理論，在國際上首先證明了高等植物中存在細(xì)胞色素氧化酶、植物葉綠體中存在碳酸酐酶以及高等植物體內(nèi)適應(yīng)酶的形成；首次證明在同一植物中呼吸代謝途徑的多樣性，證明糖酵解途徑，戍糖支路、羧酸循環(huán)、二羧酸循環(huán)、乙醛酸循環(huán)并行，并以一定比例在活體中運(yùn)行，總結(jié)呼吸代謝途徑的改變以及與其他生理功能相互調(diào)節(jié)的理論。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Plant physiologist.Born in Xishui, Hubei Province.Graduated from Tsinghua College in 1925.Received BS from the University of Minnesota, USA in 1927 and Ph.D.in Johns Hopkins University in 1930.Research professor and honorary director, Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In hes earlier years, Tang confirmed Warburg’s observation on the changes of sea-urchin and star-fish egg respiration upon fertilization and discovered the presence of “ Atmungsfermen”in plants.His outstanding demonstration of a clear change in the oxidation-reduction potential in chlorella suspension in light and in darkness furnished concrete experimental proof for Van Niel’s general theory of plant and bacterial photosynthesis (Tang & Lin, 1935,J.Cell.Comp., Physiol.).Together with J.S.Wang, he published“ A Thermodynamic Formulation of Water Relations in Living Cell” which has been accepted in the field of cell and plant physiology for more than 20 years after its publication.These and numerous other similar research publications by Tang and his sutdents and colleagues during the past 60 years in China form the basis of Tang’s Chinese school of bioenergetics.

He became Member of the Chinese Acadmey of Sciences in 1955.

楊惟義1897.04.16～1972.02.21

昆蟲學(xué)家。原籍山東廣饒，生于江西上饒。1921年畢業(yè)于南京高等師范學(xué)校。江西農(nóng)學(xué)院教授、院長。曾在中、法、德等國的博物院專門研究半翅目昆蟲的分類和昆蟲區(qū)系分布；在昆蟲分類方面，發(fā)現(xiàn)了60余個新種和新屬，對中國半翅目昆蟲的研究做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)；首倡的“三耕治螟”法、紅花田留種改革措施、糧食倉庫害蟲防治法等，都對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展起了促進(jìn)和指導(dǎo)作用。60年代初，曾被派往越南幫助培訓(xùn)農(nóng)業(yè)干部，獲得胡志明友誼勛章，為增進(jìn)中越兩國人民的友誼做出了貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Entomologist.Born in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province.Graduated from Nanjing Senior Normal School in 1921.Professor and president,Jiangxi Agricultural College.

Yang once did research on the classification of hemiptera insects and the distribution of insect faunae in repositories in China, France and Germany.In insect classification, he found over 60 niew species and genera and made an important contribution to the research on hemiptera insects in China.He first advocated the method of ploughing three times to control borers, the improved measures for reserving seeds in milk vetch field, the method of controlling pests in granary,etc.All these played a role in promoting and guiding the development of agricultural production.In the early 1960s, he was once dispatched to Vietnam to help train agricultural cadres.He contributed to the promotion of the friendship between the Chinese and Vietnamese peoples and was awarded Ho Chi Minh Friendship Medal.

He became Member of the Chinese Acadmey of Sciences in 1955.

李慶逵1912.02.12～2001.02.25

土壤農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)家。浙江寧波人。1932年畢業(yè)于上海復(fù)旦大學(xué)化學(xué)系。1948年獲美國伊利諾伊大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院土壤研究所研究員、名譽(yù)所長。一直從事土壤農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究。30年代編著的《土壤分析法》，推動了中國土壤分析化學(xué)的發(fā)展。對中國土壤磷、鉀狀況進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究，促進(jìn)了中國磷、鉀肥的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用；對中國紅壤的聲稱、發(fā)育、開發(fā)利用和化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究，受到國內(nèi)外土壤學(xué)者的重視，對橡膠等熱帶作物宜林地的開發(fā)及合理施肥等方面做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Soil scientist and agricultural chemist.Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Fudan University in 1932.Received Ph.D.from the School of Agronomy,University of Illinois, USA in 1948.Research professor and honorary director, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Li has long been engaged in the fundamental and applied research on soil agricultural chemistry.His book “Methds for Soil Analysis” promoted the development of Chinese soil chemical analysis.His systematic research on Phosphate and potash situation in China’s soils enhanced the development and application of phosphate and potash fertilizers.He made a systematic study on the formation,development and utilization of Chinese red soil, which was highly estimated by Chinese and foreign soil scientists, making an important contribution to the development and rational fertilization of tropical plants, such as rubber trees.

He became Member of the Chinese Acadmey of Sciences in 1955.