院士風(fēng)采

梁伯強(qiáng)1899.02.15～1968.11.28

病理學(xué)家。廣東梅縣人。1922年畢業(yè)于同濟(jì)大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。1924年獲德國慕尼黑醫(yī)科大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中山醫(yī)學(xué)院教授、副院長、腫瘤研究所所長。中國病理學(xué)奠基人之一。指導(dǎo)助手創(chuàng)立了從尸體中取出完整鼻咽的方法，探討鼻咽癌的組織學(xué)類型、生物學(xué)特征和組織發(fā)生學(xué)的問題；研究過肝硬化和肝癌等方面的問題；對腫瘤的研究，除注意了環(huán)境對人類的影響外，還注意到人體在抵抗腫瘤方面的內(nèi)在因素；多次舉辦“高級病理師資班”，培養(yǎng)了許多病理學(xué)人才。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Pathologist. Born in Meixian, Guangdong Province. Graduated from the Medical School of Tongji University in 1922. Received Ph. D.from Munich Medical University, Germany in 1924. Professor and vice president, Zhongshan Medical College, and director, Institute of Tumor.

Liang was one of the founders of pathlolgy in China. He led his assistants to establish a method, which could be used to take out the whole masopharynx from a dead body. They went further into problems such as the histological type of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,the biological characteristics and the histogenesis. He studied cirrhoses of liver and liver cancer. In his studies on tumor, he paid attention not only to the influence of the environment to human beings, but also to the intrinsic cancer-resistant factors of a person. He organized teachers’ training class for advanced pathology for many times and trained a large number of pathologists.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

童第周1902.05.28～1979.07.30

實(shí)驗(yàn)胚胎學(xué)家。浙江鄞縣人。1927年畢業(yè)于復(fù)旦大學(xué)生物系。1930年獲比利時(shí)北京大學(xué)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位。中國科學(xué)院發(fā)育生物學(xué)研究所研究員、中國科學(xué)院生物學(xué)部主任、中國科學(xué)院副院長。中國實(shí)驗(yàn)胚胎學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人。用分類球活體染色法證明海鞘鑲嵌型發(fā)育遠(yuǎn)不像過去認(rèn)為的那樣嚴(yán)格。研究兩棲類胚胎發(fā)育的極性或軸性，以纖毛的運(yùn)動(dòng)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象和極性指標(biāo)，探討胚胎極性這樣一個(gè)胚胎發(fā)育的重大問題；在文昌魚發(fā)育方面，研究分裂球之間的相互關(guān)系，胚層之間的相互關(guān)系以及誘導(dǎo)作用等，使胚胎學(xué)界對文昌魚個(gè)體發(fā)育有了全新的認(rèn)識(shí)，對于理解系統(tǒng)發(fā)育起到了啟迪作用；晚年進(jìn)行了細(xì)胞核和細(xì)胞質(zhì)在發(fā)育中關(guān)系的研究，證明了在個(gè)體發(fā)育中，核與質(zhì)之間不是彼此獨(dú)立的，而是有非常密切的關(guān)系。他從教多年，培養(yǎng)了大批學(xué)生，有不少學(xué)生成為國內(nèi)外知名的學(xué)者。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Experimental embryologist. Born in Yinxian, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from the Department of Biology, Fudan University in 1927.Received Sc. D. from Belgian University, Belgium in 1930. Professor,Institute of Developmental Biology, director, Division of Biology Sciences, and vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Tong was the founder of experimental embryology in China.By using blastomere vivistain method, he proved that the mosaic auxesis of ascidian was far from being strict as it had been thought and that the relationship between cells was more or less a definitive factor. It corrected the past opinion. He studied the polarity and axis of amphibian embryogenesis. Taking the movement of villus as experimental object and a polarity index, he investigated the embryo polarity, an important problem in embryogenesis. In studying the development of branchiostoma belcheri, he investigated the relationship among blastomeres, the relationship among blastophyllums and the induction, which enabled the embryo academic circle to have completely new knowledge about the ontogeny of branchiostoma belcheri, and enlightened them to understand the phylogenesis. In his late years, he studied the relationship between nucleus and cytoplasm in the developmental processes and proved that the nucleus and cytoplasm were not independent on each other, but had close relations.He was engaged in the teaching for many years and trained many students, many of whom are known in China and abroad.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡翹1897.10.11～1990.07.29

生理學(xué)家。廣東揭陽人。1925年畢業(yè)于美國芝加哥大學(xué)研究院，獲哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1930年先后在英國倫敦大學(xué)、德國法蘭克福大學(xué)從事研究工作，軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院研究員。1925年發(fā)現(xiàn)了視覺與眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)的中樞部位，被國際同行成為“蔡氏核區(qū)”。1939年在成都建立我國第一個(gè)生理學(xué)研究所。三四十年代，對甲狀旁腺的功能、感受器的現(xiàn)象、肝糖元異生機(jī)制等課題有較深入的研究。致力于航空航海醫(yī)學(xué)研究，是我國航空航海生理科學(xué)的奠基人。1978年起指導(dǎo)神經(jīng)生物學(xué)研究。著有《生理學(xué)》、《生理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)》、《航空與空間醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)》等11本專著。培養(yǎng)了如馮德培、童第周等國內(nèi)外許多著名學(xué)者。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physiologist. Born in Jieyang, Guangdong Province. Received Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1925. Conducted research at he University of London, UK and Frankfurt University, Germany in 1930. Research professor, Military Academy of Medical Sciences.

Cai discovered the central region in the visual sense and eyeball motional function, which attracted great attention from physiologists all over the world and was considered Tsai’s Region. In 1939, he established the first institute of physiology in Chengdu. During the 1930s and 1940s, he conducted in-depth studies on the function of glandula parathyreoidea, the adaptive phenomena of receptor and liver glyconeogenase mechanism. He devoted himself to the studies of navigation and aviation medicine and was the founder of these fields in China. From 1978, he supervised the studies on neurobiology. He wrote or compiled 11 books, including “Physilolgy”, “Physiological Experiment” and “Fundamentals of Aviation and Space Medicine”,He trained a number of outstanding scientists, such as Feng Depei,Tong Dizhou and many others, who were well-known experts both at home and abroad.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

蔡邦華1902.10.06～1983.08.08

昆蟲學(xué)家。江蘇溧陽人。1923年畢業(yè)于日本鹿兒島高等農(nóng)林學(xué)校動(dòng)植物科。中國科學(xué)院動(dòng)物研究所研究員。對于螟蟲的發(fā)生、防治與氣候關(guān)系的研究，創(chuàng)立了一套害蟲預(yù)測預(yù)報(bào)制度；對于谷象發(fā)育與溫濕度關(guān)系的研究，分析出其猖獗發(fā)生的最適度，解決了害蟲猖獗長期爭論的問題；關(guān)于五倍子的研究，查明了中國產(chǎn)的不同五倍子及產(chǎn)生不同五倍子的不同倍蚜種類和特性，為五倍子的人工生產(chǎn)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)；提出了松毛蟲及白蟻的綜合防治方案；進(jìn)行了直翅目、鱗翅目、等翅目等五個(gè)昆蟲科目的分類學(xué)研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多新屬、新亞屬、新種、新亞種。奠定了中國森林昆蟲學(xué)研究的基礎(chǔ)。

Entomologist. Born in Liyang, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the Department of Animal and Plant, Kago Shima Agriculture and Forestry School, Japan in 1923. Professor, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Cai conducted research on the relationship between the occurrence of snout moth and climate and developed a series of systems for the prediction and forecasting of pest insects. He also carried out research on the relationship between the growth of granary weevil and temperature and humidity. He clarified the long-debated problems related to the rampant occurrence of pest insects. His studies on gallnuts demonstrated that there existed different kinds of gallnuts in China. He examined the kinds and characteristics of different florapgises which could produce different gallnuts. This finding provided scientific grounds for the artificial production of gallnuts. He put forward an integrated control plan for the pine moth and termites. He conducted research on the systematics of Orthoptera, Lepidoptera,Isoptera and other 5 orders and families.His findings of many new genera, subgenera,species and subspecies laid a foundation for the study of forest entomology in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.