“反意疑問(wèn)句”總動(dòng)員

毛 樺

反意疑問(wèn)句是人教版Go for it八年級(jí)下冊(cè)要學(xué)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是各類英語(yǔ)測(cè)試愛考察的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象之一。不少同學(xué)覺得自己的反意疑問(wèn)句學(xué)得還可以，但考試時(shí)總是出問(wèn)題，這種情況反映了我們對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的理解還不夠。

反意疑問(wèn)句是提出自己的主張或看法，問(wèn)對(duì)方同不同意。這種問(wèn)句有兩部分組成，前一部分是陳述句(A)，后一部分是附著在前一部分上的簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句(B)，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句的否定形式必須用縮寫形式，主語(yǔ)只能用人稱代詞，而不能用名詞。前后兩部分在人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)上一定要保持一致。

反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成分兩類：1. (A)肯定＋(B)否定 2. (A)否定＋(B)肯定。

反意疑問(wèn)句前一部分要讀成降調(diào)，后一部分讀成升調(diào)較多，如果說(shuō)話人堅(jiān)信前一部分說(shuō)的是事實(shí)，后一部分也可以用降調(diào)。

一、請(qǐng)看下列句子：

(1)The wall is white, isnt it?

(2)They were here yesterday, werent they?

(3)You wont be away for long, will you?

(4)Kate is riding, isnt she?

(5)Our head teacher is loved by all of us, isnt he?

(6)You are not going out today, are you?

以上句子都是含有be的反意疑問(wèn)句，無(wú)論句子是什么時(shí)態(tài)或什么語(yǔ)態(tài)，都符合以上規(guī)則。

二、下面再來(lái)談?wù)労袑?shí)義動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句：

(1)He likes English, doesnt he?

(2)The old lady helped me, didnt she?

(3)The Greens will visit the Great Wall, wont they?

(4)Miss Hua has taught here for twenty years, hasnt she?

(5)You dont study French, do you?

(6)She didnt raise many questions, did she?

在含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句中，千萬(wàn)要注意前后兩部分在人稱（名詞或代詞）、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)（單/復(fù)數(shù)）上要保持一致。

三、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句。

Lily cant swim, can she?

We must finish the homework, mustnt we?

如果陳述句部分含有have to 或has to時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句部分要用do或 did。

(1)We have to go there on foot, dont we?

(2)The workers had to get up early, didnt they?

四、在反意疑問(wèn)句中，如果陳述句部分含有no, never, little, few, hardly, seldom, nobody, no one, nothing, neither, scarcely等詞，陳述句部分就等同于否定句，簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句就要用肯定形式。

(1)He never drinks coffee, does he?

(2)You were hardly twenty then, were you?

(3)Very few people understand what he said, do they?

(4)We have nothing against it, do we?

在這類句子中，我們還要注意dislike, hate這樣的詞，它們雖然含有否定的意思，但是當(dāng)它們用于陳述句部分時(shí)，仍然要把陳述句部分看作肯定句，所以疑問(wèn)句部分要用否定形式。

(1)She dislikes animals, doesnt she?

(2)They hate this kind of plays, dont they?

五、其它類型的反意疑問(wèn)句。

（一）祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句：

在肯定的祈使句后，為了使句子聽起來(lái)比較委婉客氣，可加上一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的問(wèn)句，如：“will you?”, “wont you?”, “can you?”, “cant you?”, “couldnt you?”,“would you?”。最常用的是“will you?”或“wont you?”。

(1)Speak loudly, will you?

(2)Give me a hand, wont you?

(3)Be careful, can you?

(4)Read it slowly, cant you?

在否定的祈使句后，只能用肯定的疑問(wèn)部分“will you?”。

(1)Dont be late, will you?

(2)Dont make so much noise, will you?

注意在含有Lets和Let us祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，Lets后的疑問(wèn)部分是“shall we?”或“shant we?”，因?yàn)長(zhǎng)ets包含說(shuō)話者在內(nèi)。而在Let us要用“will you?”或“wont you?”，因?yàn)長(zhǎng)et us不包括說(shuō)話者在內(nèi)。

(1)Lets go home, shall we?

(2)Let us discuss the question, will you?

（二）含有There be的反意疑問(wèn)句：

陳述句部分如果含有There be結(jié)構(gòu),疑問(wèn)部分仍用there，但是要省略主語(yǔ)。

(1)There is a bird in the tree, isnt there?

(2)There wont be any classes next week, will there?

（三）主語(yǔ)是不定代詞的反意疑問(wèn)句：

如果陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, nothing， something等表示事物的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)要用it來(lái)代替陳述句中的不定代詞；如果陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是 everyone, no one, someone等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)用they，（有時(shí)也用he）來(lái)代替陳述句中的不定代詞。

(1)Everything goes well now, doesnt it?

(2)Everyone knows the brave boy, dont they?

(3)Nothing can stop him learning English, can it?

(4)Something is wrong with your computer, isnt it?

（四）賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句：

賓語(yǔ)從句的反意疑問(wèn)句除了適用反意疑問(wèn)句的一般規(guī)則外，還要注意在后一部分的簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)，要與賓語(yǔ)從句中的從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

(1)I think he is a good student, isnt he?

(2)We dont suppose she cares, does she?

六、反意疑問(wèn)句的回答：

在回答反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)我們千萬(wàn)要注意，如果答案是肯定的，要毫不猶豫地用yes，反之用no。

(1)Dick goes to school by bus, doesnt he?

Yes, he does./No, he doesnt.

(2)Tom has lived there for over five years, hasnt he?

Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.

特別要提醒的是：當(dāng)前一部分的陳述句是否定時(shí)，英語(yǔ)的回答和漢語(yǔ)的回答是不一致的。

(1)You are not going shopping today, are you? 你今天不去購(gòu)物了，是嗎？

No, I am not. 是的，我今天不去了。

Yes, I am. 不，我今天要去買東西。

(2)You dont study Japanese, do you? 你們不學(xué)日語(yǔ)，是嗎？

No, we dont. 是的，我們不學(xué)日語(yǔ)。

Yes, we do. 不，我們學(xué)日語(yǔ)。