七年級(下) 期末復習指導

李國勤

Ⅰ. 重點短語

1. a bottle of

2. a little

3. a lot (of)

4. all day

5. be from

6. be over

7. come back

8. come from

9. do ones homework

10. do the shopping

11. get down

12. get home

13. get to

14. get up

15. go shopping

16. have a drink of

17. have a look

18. have breakfast/lunch/supper

19. listen to

20. not…at all

21. put…away

22. take off

23. throw it like that

24. would like

25. in the middle of the day

26. in the morning/afternoon/evening

27. on a farm

28. in a factory

Ⅱ. 重要句型

1. Let sb. do sth.

2. Could sb. do sth.?

3. would like sth.

4. would like to do sth.

5. What about something to eat?

6. How do you spell…?

7. May I borrow…?

Ⅲ. 交際用語

1. ——Thank your very much!

——Youre welcome.

2. Put it/them away.

3. Whats wrong?

4. I think so./I dont think so.

5.I want to take some books to the classroom.

6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.

7. Please give it/them back tomorrow.

8. Whats your favourite sport?

9. Dont worry.

10. Im (not) good at basketball.

11. Do you want a go?

12. Thats right./Thats all right./All right.

13. Do you have a dictionary/any dictionaries?

Yes, I do./No, I dont.

14. We/They have some CDs.

We/They dont have any CDs.

15. ——What day is it today/tomorrow?

——Its Monday.

16. ——May I borrow your colour pens,

please?

——Certainly. Here you are.

17. ——Where are you from?

——From Beijing.

18. Whats your telephone number in New

York?

19. ——Do you like hot dogs?

——Yes, I do. (A little./A lot./Very

much.)

——No, I dont. ( I dont like them at

all.)

20. ——What does your mother like?

——She likes dumplings and vegeta- bles very much.

21. ——When do you go to school every

day?

——I go to school at 7:00 every day.

22. ——What time does he go to bed in

the evening?

——He goes to bed at 10:00.

Ⅳ. 重要語法

1. 人稱代詞的用法;

2. 祈使句;

3. 現在進行時的構成和用法;

4. 動詞have的用法;

5. 一般現在時的構成和用法;

6. 可數名詞和不可數名詞的用法

Ⅴ. 重難點講解

1. Thats right./Thats all right./All right.

Thats right.意為“對的”,表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對方的答案或判斷。如:

“I think we must help the old man.”“Thats right.”或“Youre right.”

“我想我們應該幫助這位老人。”“說得對”。

Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒關系”,用來回答對方的致謝或道歉。例如:

“Many thanks.”“Thats all right.”

“Sorry. Its broken.”“Thats all right.”

All right.意為“行了”、“可以”,表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好”。如:

“Please tell me about it.”“All right.”“請把此事告訴我?！薄昂冒伞！?/p>

Is your mother all right? 你母親身體好嗎?

2. make/do

這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。make指做東西或制東西,do指做一件具體的事。如:

Can you make a paper boat for me?

你能為我做個紙船嗎?

Hes doing his homework now.

他正在做他的作業(yè)。

3. say/speak/talk/tell

say:是最口語化的最普通的一個詞,意為“說出”、“說道”,著重所說的話。如:

“I want to go there by bus,” he said.

他說,“我要坐汽車到那里去?！?/p>

Please say it in English. 請用英語說。

speak:“說話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內容,一般用作不及物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。如:

Can you speak about him?

你能不能說說他的情況?

I dont like to speak like this.

我不喜歡這樣說話。

speak作及物動詞解時,只能和某種語言等連用,表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。如:

She speaks English well. 她英語說得好。

talk:與speak意義相近,也著重說話的動作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動詞, 不過,talk 暗示話是對某人說的,有較強的對話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如:

I would like to talk to him about it.

我想跟他談那件事。

Old women like to talk with children.

老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。

tell:“告訴”,除較少情況外,一般后面總接雙賓語。如:

Hes telling me a story. 他在給我講故事。

tell a lie 撒謊

tell sb. to do sth./tell sb. not to do sth.

Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.

4. do cooking/do the cooking

do cooking 作“做飯”解,屬泛指。do the cooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動名詞,不能用作復數,但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語:

do some washing 洗些衣服

do some shopping 買些東西

do some reading 讀書

do some writing 寫些東西

do some fishing 釣魚

從以上短語可引申出另一類短語,不能用some, much或定冠詞。

go shopping 去買東西

go fishing 去釣魚

go boating 去劃船

go swimming 去游泳

5. like doing sth./like to do sth.

兩者意思相同,但用法有區(qū)別。前者強調一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習慣性和經常性;后者表示一次性和偶然性的動作。如:

He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming. 他喜歡踢足球,但是他不喜歡和李明踢。

6. other/others/the other/another

other表其余的,別的。如:

Have you any other questions?

你還有其他問題嗎?

others 別的人,別的東西。如:

In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。

the other表另一個(二者之中),常構成one…, the other…。如:

One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese. 我兩個哥哥中的一個學習英文,另一個學中文。

another表三者以上的另一個,另一些。如:

There is room for another few books on the shelf. 書架上還可以放點書。

7. in the tree/on the tree

兩者譯成中文均為“在樹上”,但英語中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上。表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時,要使用on the tree。如:

There are some apples on the tree.

那棵樹上有些蘋果。

There is a bird in the tree.

那棵樹上有只鳥。

8. some/any

some和any既可修飾可數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞。但有以下兩點需要注意。

(1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:

There is some water in the glass.

Is there any water in the glass?

There isnt any water in the glass.

(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復的一般疑問句中,或在表示請求,邀請的疑問句中,我們依然用some。如:

Would you like some tea?

9. tall/high

(1)說人,動物,樹木等有生命的東西,主要用tall,不用high。如:

a tall woman 一個高個子婦女

a tall horse 一匹高大的馬

(2)說一個不與地面接觸的人或物的高時,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上時,飛機飛上天時。如:

He is high up in the tree.

他高高地爬在樹上。

The plane is so high in the sky.

飛機在空中這么高。

(3)指建筑物、山時用tall或high都可以,不過high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副詞,tall不能。

(5)tall和high的反義詞分別為short和low。

10. can/could

(1) can表示體力和腦力方面的能力,或根據客觀條件能做某種動作的“能力”。如:

Can you ride a bike?你會騎自行車嗎?

What can I do for you?要幫忙嗎?

Can you make a cake?你會做蛋糕嗎?

(2)can用在否定句和疑問句中有時表示說話人的“懷疑”“猜測”或不肯定。如:

Where can he be?他會在什么地方呢?

Can the news be true?

這個消息會是真的嗎?

It surely cant be six oclock already?

不可能已經六點鐘了吧?

You cant be hungry so soon, Tom, youve just had lunch. 湯姆,你不可能餓得這么快,你剛吃過午飯。

What can he mean?他會是什么意思?

在日常會話中,can可代替may表示“允許”,may比較正式。如:

You can come in any time.

你隨時都可以來。

——Can I use your pen?

我能用你的鋼筆嗎?

——Of course, you can. 當然可以。

You can have my seat. Im going now.

我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。

(3)could 是 can的過去式,表示過去有過的能力和可能性。如:

The doctor said he could help him.

(能力)醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old. (能力)當莉莉四歲的時候她就會游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true. (可能性) 那時我們以為那個故事所說的可能是真的。

(4)could可代替can表示現在時間的動作,但語氣較為婉轉。如:

Could I speak to John, please?

我能和約翰說話嗎?

Could you…?在口語中表示請求對方做事。如:

Could you wait half an hour?

請你等半個小時好嗎?

Could you please ring again at six?

六點鐘請你再打電話好嗎?

(5)can的形式

只有現在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài),有時也能表示將來。所有其他時態(tài)(包括將來時)須用be able to加動詞不定式來表示。如:

They have not been able to come to Beijing.他們沒有能到北京來。

11. look for/find

look for 意為“尋找”,而find意為“找到,發(fā)現”,前者強調“找”這一動作,并不注重“找”的結果,而后者則強調“找”的結果。如:

She cant find her ruler.

她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch, but he cant find it. 湯姆正在尋找他的手表,但沒能找到。

12. be sleeping/be asleep

be sleeping 表示動作,意思是“正在睡覺”;be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。如:

——What are the children doing in the room? 孩子們在房間里做什么?

——They are sleeping. 他們正在睡覺。

The children are asleep now.

現在孩子們睡著了。

13. often/usually/sometimes

often表示“經?！?sometimes表示“有時候”,在表示發(fā)生頻率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經常性或一般性的動作或情況,常與一般現在時連用,常位于實義動詞的前面,be動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的后面,有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣,則放在句首。如:

We usually play basketball after school.

我們通常放學后打籃球。

Sometimes I go to bed early.

有時,我睡覺很早。

He often reads English in the morning.

他經常在早晨讀英語。

14. how much/how many

how much常用來詢問某一商品的價格,常見句式是How much is/are…?如:

How much is the skirt?這條裙子多少錢?

How much are the bananas?

這些香蕉多少錢?

how much后接不可數名詞,表示數量,意為“多少”,how many后接可數名詞的復數形式。如:

How much meat do you want?

你要多少肉呀?

How many students are there in your class?你們班有多少人?

15. be good for/be good to/be good at

be good for 表示“對……有好處”,而be bad for表示“對……有害”; be good to表示“對……友好”,而be bad to表示“對……不好”;be good at表示“擅長,在……方面做得好”,而be bad at表示“在……方面做得不好”。如:

Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.

做眼保健操對你的眼睛有好處。

Eating too much is bad for your health.

吃的太多對你的身體有害。

Miss Li is good to all of us.

李老師對我們所有的人都很友好。

The boss is bad to his workers.

這個老板對他的工人不好。

Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it.

李雷擅長畫畫,但是我不擅長。

16. 一般現在時/現在進行時

一般現在時表示經常性的或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說話者的能力,還有自然現象;而現在進行時表示正在進行或發(fā)生的動作(構成方式為am/is/are/+doing)。如:

I do my homework in the evening.

我在晚上做作業(yè)。

Im doing my homework now.

我現在正在做作業(yè)。

現在進行時常與now, these days, at the moment 或look, listen等詞連用;而一般現在時常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。

We often clean the classroom after school.

我們經常放學后打掃教室。

Look!They are cleaning the classroom.

看!他們正在打掃教室呢。