院士風(fēng)采

葉企孫1898.7.16～1977.1.13

物理學(xué)家。上海人。1918年畢業(yè)于清華學(xué)校（今清華大學(xué)前身）。1923年獲美國哈佛大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授。1948年當(dāng)選為中央研究院院士。20年代與合作者對普朗克常數(shù)值作了精確測定，其值被國際物理學(xué)界沿用16年之久。研究了液壓對鐵磁體磁導(dǎo)率的影響，并在12000kg/cm2壓強(qiáng)下測量了鐵、鎳、鈷和兩種鋼的磁導(dǎo)率，理論分析與實驗定性符合。在清華大學(xué)開創(chuàng)了中國大學(xué)物理研究。在自然科學(xué)史方面取得多項創(chuàng)見性成果。從教50余年，在培養(yǎng)科學(xué)人才、發(fā)展中國教育事業(yè)方面作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Physicist. Born in Shanghai. Graduated from Tsinghua School (the predecessor of Tsinghua University) in 1918.Received Ph.D. from Harvard University, USA in 1923.Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor, Peking University.

Ye precisely measured the value of Planck Constant with his cooperator in the 1920s, and the value was used by physical academic circles for 16 years. He studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the permeability of ferromagnet and measured the permeability of Fe, Ni, Co and two kinds of steel under the pressure of 12,000kg/cm2.The theoretic analysis was qualitatively consistent with the expermental data. He made several original achievements in the aspect of the history of natural seiences. He was engaged in education for over 50 years and made important contributions to the training of scientefic researchers and the development of Chinese education.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

華羅庚1910.11.12～1985.6.12

數(shù)學(xué)家。江蘇金壇人。1924年金壇中學(xué)初中畢業(yè)，后刻苦自學(xué)。1931年到清華大學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)系任職，1938年任西南聯(lián)合大學(xué)教授。1946年任美國普林斯頓數(shù)學(xué)研究所研究員、普林斯頓大學(xué)和伊利諾斯大學(xué)教授。1948年當(dāng)選為中央研究院院士。中國科學(xué)院數(shù)學(xué)研究所、應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)研究所研究員、所長、名譽(yù)所長，中國科學(xué)院副院長兼中國科技大學(xué)副校長。美國等國家科學(xué)院國外院士，并被芝加哥科技博物館列為近代88位偉大數(shù)學(xué)家之一。主要從事解析數(shù)論、矩陣幾何學(xué)、典型群、自守函數(shù)論、多復(fù)變函數(shù)論、偏微分方程、高維數(shù)值積分等領(lǐng)域的研究與教學(xué)工作并取得突出成就。在解決高斯完整三角和的估計難題、華林和塔里問題改進(jìn)、一維射影幾何基本定理證明、近代數(shù)論方法應(yīng)用研究等面取得出色成果。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Jintan, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Jintan Middle School in 1924 and studied assiduously by himself later. Held a post in the Deparment of Mathematics,Tsinghua University in 1931. Professor, Southwest Associated University in 1938, research prfessor, Princeton Institute of Mathematics, and professor, Princeton University and University of Illinois, USA in 1946. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Research professor, director and honorary director, Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics, vice president, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, University of Science and Technology of China, foreign menmber, American National Academy of Sciences, and eledted as one of the 88 contemporary great mathematicians by Chicago Museum of Science and Technology.

Hua was mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields such as analytic theory of numbers, matrix geometry, typical group, theory of automorphic function, multicomples function theory, partial differential equation, multi-dimensional numerical value integral and so on,and made outstanding attainments. He obtained remarkable achievements in the solution to the estimating problem of Gaussian completing triangle sum, improvement of Waring and Talle problem, verification of fundamental theorem abouti one dimensional projecting geometry and the applied research of modem number theory method.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

江澤涵1902.10.6～1994.3.29

數(shù)學(xué)家。安徽旌德人。1926年畢業(yè)于南開大學(xué)。1930年獲美國哈佛大學(xué)博士學(xué)位。北京大學(xué)教授。中國最早的拓?fù)鋵W(xué)家，主要從事拓?fù)鋵W(xué)的教學(xué)與研究，有很大影響。研究領(lǐng)域有莫爾斯理論、覆疊空間與纖維叢、不動點(diǎn)理論等。30年代應(yīng)用莫爾斯理論得到關(guān)于調(diào)和函數(shù)的臨界點(diǎn)的多項成果，并對尼爾森曲面映射理論中萬有覆疊的緊化提出了代數(shù)講法。40至50年代確立了不可定向流形的可定向雙層覆疊的幾個基本性質(zhì)，并計算了一些重要纖維叢的同調(diào)群。60年代重新研究尼爾森不動點(diǎn)理論，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科研集體在尼爾森數(shù)的計算和實現(xiàn)方面取得重大突破。從教數(shù)十年，對中國教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Jingde, Anhui Province. Graduated from Nankai University in 1920. Rrceived Ph.D. from Harvard University , USA, in 1930. Professor, Beijing University.

Jiang was mainly engaged in the teaching and research on fixed point theory, Morse theory, complex space and fiber bundles and made outstanding attainments. In his early years, he successfully substituted the tool of complex space for hyperbola geometry, and along with others, he proposed the Luen’s concept of self-mapping and directed others to make significant breakthrough in the calculation and accomlishment of Nilson Number. He directly applied the Morse theory to analytics and obtained many important results in harmonic function. He gained many creative achievements in the complex space and fiber bundles. He made important contributions to the education in China.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

許寶騄1910.9.1～1970.12.18

數(shù)學(xué)家。原籍浙江杭州，生于北京。1933年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)。1938年、1940年先后獲英國倫敦大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位和劍橋大學(xué)科學(xué)博士學(xué)位。1948年當(dāng)選為中央研究員院士。北京大學(xué)教授。中國早期從事數(shù)理統(tǒng)計學(xué)和概率論研究并達(dá)到世界先進(jìn)水平的一位杰出學(xué)者。早年在多元統(tǒng)計分析與統(tǒng)計推斷方面發(fā)表一系列出色的研究論文；發(fā)展了矩陣變換的技巧，推進(jìn)了矩陣論在數(shù)理統(tǒng)計學(xué)中的應(yīng)用；在高斯—馬爾可夫模型中方差的最優(yōu)估計的研究中取得重要成果。在概率論方面取得突出成果，并與他人首次引入全收斂概念，在極限理論研究方面開辟了一個新方向。在矩陣偶在某些變換下的分類、次序統(tǒng)計量的極限分布等方面獲多項重要成果。在發(fā)展中國教育事業(yè)、培養(yǎng)科學(xué)人才方面做了大量工作。

1955年被選聘為中國科學(xué)院院士（學(xué)部委員）。

Mathematician. Born in Beijing. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1933. Received Ph.D.from London University,and SC.D. from Cambridge University, UK in 1938 and 1940,respectively. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor, Peking University.

Xu was an outstanding and world well known Chinese scholar in the field of mathematical statistics and theory of probability. In his early research career, he published a series of remarkable papers on multivariable statistic analysis and statistic inference. He improved matrix transformation techniques and generalized the application of matrix theory in amthematical statistics. He made significant achievements in the study of square root optimum expectation in Gaussian-Marckov model and obtained outstanding results in the field of probability theory. Together with his colleagues, he introduced for the first time the concept of total convergence and set up a new specialty in the study of limit theory. He achieved many important results in the aspects of classification of matrix-couples under certain transformations and the limit distribution of order statistics. He also did tremendous word for the development of Chinese education and the training of probabilists and statisticians.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.