Ｍｏｄｕｌｅ?。埂。眨睿椋簟。础卧c撥

1. polish up 1) 改善,提高;2) 擦亮

例如:Im going to New York, so I must polish up my English.

我要去紐約,因此我必須提高英語水平。

He polished up the handle of the big front door. 他把大門的把手擦亮了。

2. sharpen 1)v.削尖,磨尖,(使) 變得鋒利;2)v.(使) 改善;(使) 改進

例如:She sharpened her pencil. 她削尖鉛筆。

Debates sharpen ones wits. 辯論增長才智。

Students will sharpen up their reading skills. 學生們要改進他們的閱讀技巧。

拓展:sharpen是由形容詞sharp加后綴en構(gòu)成。

-en后綴放在形容詞或名詞后,使該詞變成動詞,意思為“(使) 變得……”。

例如:strength→strengthen (加強,變強);dark→darken (變黑);broad→broaden (加寬);soft →soften (使變軟)

3. suffering .身體或心靈的痛苦,苦難; .各種苦惱 (常用復數(shù))

例如:The medication should ease the suffering. 這種療法能減輕痛苦。

She bore her sufferings bravely.她勇敢地承受苦難的遭遇。

拓展: v.suffer 受……的痛苦

例如:Hed suffered a great deal since his arrest. 他被捕以后受了很多苦。

【重點提示】

注意suffer與suffer from的用法區(qū)別:

suffer 受苦,受 (痛),后面常接以下的賓語:pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship;

suffer from受……之苦 / 因……而不舒服,后常接以下賓語:cold and hunger / overwork / lack of rest。

4. bear (bore, borne)vt.1) 承擔,擔負 (責任) = take responsibility for;2) 支持;支撐 = support;3) 忍耐,忍受,常與can / could連用于疑問句及否定句中;4) 生育 (孩) 子 = give birth to (a child)

例如:No one likes to bear the responsibility for such decisions. 沒有人喜歡為這樣的決定承擔責任。

The ice on the lake will not bear your weight. 這湖上的冰無法承受你的體重。

I cant bear living alone. = I cant bear to live alone. 我不能忍受獨自生活。

She bore six daughters. 她生了6個女兒。

5. figure .人物;人影;肖像;數(shù)字;圖形;體型

例如:a leading figure in the music industry音樂界一位主要人物

a tall figure in black一個黑衣高個子人影

She is always so proud of her figure. 她對自己的體形總是這么得意。

拓展:1) figurevt.認為,判斷;figure + that或figure + (to be)adj./n.

例如:I figured that what he said was right. = I figured what he said (to be) right. 我認為他的話是對的。

2) figure out 理解,計算出

例如:I cant figure out how she could find the key. 我無法理解她怎么會找到這鑰匙的。

6. instructvt.1) 指示;命令,吩咐 instruct sb. to do;2) 教,指導 instruct sb. in sth.ダ如:She instructed him to wait. 她命令他等著。

He instructs us in English. 他教我們英語。

【重點提示】

注意instruct與teach的用法區(qū)別:

instruct比teach正式,含有以系統(tǒng)的方法教授,常用結(jié)構(gòu)是instruct sb. in sth.。

teach是一般用語,后可接雙賓語。

【即時操練】

1) He is______a child the alphabet.

2) A graduate______the freshmen in the music theory.

答案:1) teaching2) instructed

拓展:1) instruction n. ① 教育,教授;② instructions 命令,指示;2) instructive adj. 有教育意義的

例如:give / receive instruction in English;follow instructions 接受指示

7. salaryn.薪金,薪水

例如:He received a salary of ￡19,000. 他年薪19,000英鎊。

【辨析比較】salary, wage, pay, income & fee

salary尤指專業(yè)人員或白領的年薪。wage 指簡單勞動或體力勞動,常以小時 / 日 / 周計酬;常用復數(shù)形式。pay指薪金,是統(tǒng)稱。income“收入,收益”,常指一個人的所有收入,不僅限于工資。fee“手續(xù)費,費用”,指付給律師、醫(yī)師或其他專業(yè)人員的薪金等。

【即時操練】

1) We practise the policy of equal______for equal work.

2) He has a nice home and an adequate.

3) We were struggling to get better.

4) At that time he was teaching physics in a technical college at a small.

5) Does the bank charge a______for setting up the account?

答案:1) pay2) income3) wages4) salary5) fee

8. circumstance 情況,情形,環(huán)境常用復數(shù)形式

例如:Circumstances allowing, Ill go abroad to study. 情況允許的話,我將要出國學習。

拓展:under / in no circumstances 無論如何不,決不。 注意這個詞組如放于句首,需用倒裝。

【即時操練】

I______under no circumstances______my daughter marry such a person. = Under no circumstances______I______my daughter marry such a person. 我決不把女兒嫁給這種人。

【重點提示】類似于這種用法的常見否定詞組還有:at no time, by no means, under no condition, in no case, on no account。