英語議論文寫作三模塊

陳根花

議論文寫作是近年來高考英語書面表達命題的一個熱點,綜觀各省市的考題情況,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)議論文的寫作主要涉及以下三種類型。為方便同學們模仿,我們將這三種類型歸納成三種模塊。

模塊一:正反選擇型

這類題目通常是給出正反兩種不同的觀點,并附上相應(yīng)的原因,要求考生根據(jù)所給觀點進行分析,然后選擇其中的一種觀點——如在公交車上遇見老人是讓座還是不讓座,同學有困難是幫助還是不幫助,遇見歹徒是出手還是不出手,拾到錢包是交給失主還是不交給失主,等等。同學們在做這類題時,首先要對供選擇的觀點進行綜合闡述,然后再發(fā)表自己的看法(注意你在作文中只能支持積極正面的觀點,絕對不能支持消極負面的觀點,其中的原因不用說大家也很清楚)。

【例題】假定你是一名高二學生,你們班組織了一次班級討論會,討論的是報紙上的一則新聞。報紙稱,一位學生因為在路上看到歹徒搶劫奮勇而出,結(jié)果被歹徒刺傷了。同學們紛紛發(fā)言,意見不一,有的說應(yīng)該見義勇為,有的說歹徒太兇狠,還是袖手旁觀的好。請根據(jù)下面要點提示,結(jié)合自己的觀點寫一篇議論文,詞數(shù)100左右。

【分析】遇見歹徒應(yīng)該“見義勇為”還是“袖手旁觀”?你只有一種選擇,那就是見義勇為。不過,你在見義勇為的同時,也應(yīng)該學會保護自己,此時可適當結(jié)合表格中“袖手旁觀”的原因——因為自己的生命可能受到威脅,所以我們要善于保護自己;又因為歹徒太過兇狠或強大,所以我們要智取,最好不要強攻。

【范文】

The other day our class had a discussion about the news that a student was wounded in a fight with a robber. I admire the brave student and his bravery is worthy to be learned from by all of us. There is a famous saying goes: “Never hesitate to do what is right.” To save people who are in trouble is a traditional virtue of our Chinese nation, which should be kept by all of us today. As youngsters, we should be brave in the face of difficulty or danger. Although sometimes the robbers are very fierce and cruel, we neednt be afraid of them. It is well known that justice triumphs in the end. Of course, we should make full use of our wisdom to fight with the robbers and remember to protect ourselves at the same time.

二、優(yōu)劣分析型

這種類型的議論文與前面提到的“觀點選擇型”不同,用于比較的兩個對象不是兩個完全對立的方面,不能簡單地說一個觀點“正確”,另一個觀點“錯誤”,因為兩者很可能各有優(yōu)缺點——從一個方面看,其中的一個觀點有優(yōu)勢;從另一個方面看,另一個觀點可能更有優(yōu)勢。比如:城市里的公園是收費好,還是不收費好?使用英語詞典,是用英漢版好,還是英英版好?中學英語課應(yīng)該完全用英語講授,還是應(yīng)該用英語和漢語搭配講授?中學生是出國上大學好,還是在國內(nèi)上大學好?等等。

同學們在做這類題目時,完全可以根據(jù)自己的喜好或看法,從中選擇一種觀點進行分析,只要能自圓其說就可以了。

【例一】隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,網(wǎng)上聊天已經(jīng)不再是一件新鮮事了。越來越多的中學生沉迷于網(wǎng)上聊天。請就“中學生是否應(yīng)該網(wǎng)聊”發(fā)表自己的看法,寫一篇100詞左右的議論文。

【分析】網(wǎng)上聊天有“好”也有“不好”?！昂谩斌w現(xiàn)在多交朋友,更廣地了解信息,快捷地傳遞信息等;“不好”體現(xiàn)在浪費時間,網(wǎng)上易受騙,容易接觸不健康的信息等。網(wǎng)聊到底是“該”還是“不該”?很難一刀切!如果你更多地認同它的“好”,你就支持它;如果你更多地注意到它的“不好”,你就反對它。

【范文】

My View on Online Chatting

Chatting online is more and more popular with the development of IT.

In my opinion, senior middle school students shouldnt chat online. Time is limited and precious for students. The main task for a student is to study hard and gain more knowledge. Chatting online is a waste of money, energy and time. Worse still, some bad people cheat young students online. News from newspapers comes to us often that strangers in different cities meet in reality after having chatting online for a certain time. Students know little about society and they dont know how to protect themselves.

On the whole, chatting online has bad effects on middle school students. It is better for them to make friends in reality rather than online.

【例二】上個星期你在全校做了一項關(guān)于“中學生是否應(yīng)該出國留學”的調(diào)查,調(diào)查結(jié)果如下表所示。請你根據(jù)表格信息發(fā)表自己的看法,寫一篇100詞左右的議論文。

【分析】根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容可知,中學生出國留學有優(yōu)點也有缺點——優(yōu)點就是表格中支持者的觀點,缺點就是表格中反對者的觀點。你是應(yīng)該站在支持者一邊?還是應(yīng)該站在反對者的一邊?這對做好本題并不重要,重要的是你如何在兼顧兩種觀點的同時使你自己的觀點自圓其說,并讓人讀后覺得你“說得有道理”。

【范文】

On Overseas Study

As the table shows, a majority of students and parents support overseas study. On the contrary, few students and parents are opposed to overseas study. In my opinion, students can go abroad to study as long as the students and parents have considered their own conditions before going abroad.

At first, it is true that many middle school students are not mature and they lack independence. However, a strange environment without parents accompany offers an opportunity for them to challenge themselves and learn to be independent.

In my opinion, as for high costs, wealthy families have no difficulty in affording them. As for those poor families, they neednt send their children to go abroad to study aimlessly like rich families.

三、觀點闡述型

這類題目通常沒有供選擇的觀點,而是要考生根據(jù)自己的理解進行臨場發(fā)揮。在闡述自己的觀點時,注意不要面面俱到,只要圍繞所給主題,選擇幾個主要的方面闡述清楚就可以了。

【例題】你的同學李文在上次英語考試中不及格,她很難過,向你請教如何提高英語成績。請你就如何提高英語成績寫一篇100詞左右的議論文。

【分析】提高英語成績的方法很多,作者只需根據(jù)自己的理解和對方的實際情況,在100詞范圍之內(nèi)闡述幾種主要的方法就可以了。

【范文】

How to Learn English Well

Li Wen failed in the English exam last time, so she was very sad. She came to me for help and asked me how to improve her English.

I think that the most important thing is to increase her interest in English. As we all know, interest is the best teacher for ones study. When one has great interest in English, he can learn it at his own will with a light heart.

Furthermore, she should use different ways to study English. For example, she can listen to English songs to enjoy music and learn new words at the same time. And she can also listen to the radio or watch movies to improve her listening ability.

Besides, she should do enough exercises and review what she has learned. As the famous saying goes,“Look back to the old, if you would learn the new.”

附:寫議論文可能用到的常用句型歸納

1. 引言段可能用到的句型:

Nowadays more and more people... 如今越來越多的人……

...plays an important part in... ……在……方面扮演重要角色。

like everything else,...has both advantages and disadvantages. 與每樣事物一樣,……有優(yōu)點也有缺點。

Generally, the favorable aspects / advantages can be listed as follows. 總的來說,優(yōu)點如下所示。

2. 主體段可能用到的句型:

Firstly...Secondly...第一,……第二,……

In addition / Whats more...其次 / 還有

Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects / disadvantages / bad points are also apparent / obvious. 硬幣有兩面,缺點也是顯而易見的。

To begin with 開始

To make matters worse 更糟糕的是

Worst of all 最糟糕的是

3. 結(jié)論段可能用到的句型:

Through above analysis... 通過上面的分析,……

All things / everything considered, we can see that / we can come to a conclusion that the positive aspects / advantages outweigh the negative ones / disadvantages, Therefore... 綜合來看,我們總結(jié)出優(yōu)點多于缺點,因此……

(編輯 周貞雄)