形容詞的比較等級(jí)與用法

王正秀

一、形容詞的比較等級(jí)

英語(yǔ)中形容詞有三級(jí)，即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，熟練地運(yùn)用它們并不是一件容易的事。下面我就自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)加以總結(jié)，以便學(xué)生掌握它們的用法。

1.規(guī)則變化

1）單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er和-est，如果末尾是e，則只加-r和-st。

2）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er和-est。

3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i后，再加-er和-est。

4）大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在其前加單詞more 和most。

2.不規(guī)則變化

good/well—better—best

bad/ill—worse—worst

far—farther—farthest或further—furthest

many/much—more—most

little—less—least

often—more often—most often或often—oftener—oftenest

有些形容詞沒(méi)有比較等級(jí)：wrong，empty，perfect，favourite等。

二、形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法

形容詞的比較等級(jí)分別以下列形式出現(xiàn)在句子當(dāng)中：

1）as+原級(jí)+as...

2）比較級(jí)+than...

3）the+最高級(jí)+of（in）...

4）more and more...

5）The more...，the more...

1.形容詞原級(jí)的用法

原級(jí)用于兩者同級(jí)的比較。

肯定句：A+動(dòng)詞+as+原級(jí)+as+B

如：He is as tall as I.

否定句：A+動(dòng)詞+not as（so）+原級(jí)+as+B

如：Japanese is not as useful as English.

疑問(wèn)句：Be+A+as+原級(jí)+as+B？

如：Is Lesson 1 as difficult as Lesson 2？

2.形容詞比較級(jí)的用法

A+動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)+than+B

如：This box is heavier than that one.

在形容詞的比較級(jí)前面可以用much，even或a little等修飾。

如：Lucys dress is much cheaper than yours.

Its much colder here in February than in March.

Japan is a little larger than Germany.

The pottery is more expensive than any other portery.

3.形容詞最高級(jí)的用法

A+動(dòng)詞+最高級(jí)+of（in）...，最高級(jí)用于兩者以上的比較。

注意：in+范圍，場(chǎng)所

如：Tom is the tallest boy in my class.

of+復(fù)數(shù)（與主語(yǔ)同一類(lèi)的人或事物）

例：Tom is the tallest of the three boys.

三、比較結(jié)構(gòu)需要注意的幾點(diǎn)

（1）在形容詞比較級(jí)前還可用a lot， many， far， a bit， much，even，still，a good deal等來(lái)修飾，表示“……得多”，“更……”，“……一些”。也可在比較級(jí)前加any，no，some，數(shù)量詞等。

如：Peoples life is much better than it was thirty years ago.

（2）...times+形容詞比較級(jí)+than...表示倍數(shù)。

如：Our room is twice larger than theirs.

（3）表示“大幾歲”，“高幾厘米”時(shí)用表示數(shù)量的詞+比較級(jí)表示。

如：Im ten years older than you are.

My sister is two years younger than me.

（4）比較級(jí)+than any other+單數(shù)名詞，或比較級(jí)+than the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“比任何其他都……”。

如：He is taller than any other student in the class.

=He is taller than the other students in the class.

（5）the+比較級(jí)+of the two表示“兩個(gè)中比較……的”。

如：He is the cleverer of the two.

（6）more and more表示“越來(lái)越……”。

如：She is getting taller and taller.

Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job.

Holiday fights are getting less and less expensive.

The Chinese peoples life is getting better and better.

（7）The more...，the more...表示“越……就越……”。

如：The harder you work，the cleverer you will become.

The younger you are，the easier it is to learn.

（8）more than表示“超過(guò)”；less than表示“不到……”；more or less表示“基本上，大體上，大約”；no less than表示“多達(dá)，不少于”。

如：He is more than eighty years old.

All is ready in less than a month.

The work is more or less finished.

more than，less than和worse than可用來(lái)修飾形容詞，表示“非?！薄皹O為……（不）”。

（9）not as/so...as常與less...than轉(zhuǎn)換。

如：This storyis not as interesting as that one.

=This story is less interesting than that one.

=That story is more interesting than that one.

（10）最高級(jí)常與比較級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換。

如：The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

=The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.

=The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.

=No river is longer than the Changjiang River in China.