英語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)句考點(diǎn)講與練

喬　木

強(qiáng)調(diào)句是近年高考中對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考查的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，很多考生對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的概念及其用法比較模糊。為幫助同學(xué)們搞好考前復(fù)習(xí)，系統(tǒng)掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句，現(xiàn)將有關(guān)知識(shí)總結(jié)如下：

強(qiáng)調(diào)句，又叫做強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，是指為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某個(gè)成分，而改變句子的語(yǔ)序，使句子被分成兩個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分都有自己的動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句有兩種，第一種即通常所說(shuō)的“強(qiáng)調(diào)句型”,第二種又被稱為“準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句”。

一、關(guān)于強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成

It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that + 其它成分

2、關(guān)于“被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分”

“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”最常見(jiàn)的是句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)，特殊情況下也可能是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。如：

正常語(yǔ)序的陳述句：My father met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

改變語(yǔ)序后的強(qiáng)調(diào)句：上面這個(gè)句子可以有四種變化：

→ It was my father that/who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）

→ It was an old friend of his (that/whom) my father met with in the street yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）

→ It was in the street that my father met with an old friend of his yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）

→ It was yesterday that my father met with an old friend of his in the street.（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

3、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中that的用法

⑴“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”不論是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句仍然只能用that，而不能用when, where。如：

It was in Berlin that I first saw this film.

It was then that I recalled that I had left my wristwatch up in the bar.

⑵ “被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是表示人的名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在口語(yǔ)中常用who或whom 代替that。如：It was my father who met with an old friend of his in the street yesterday.

4、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致

“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用主格代詞，但在口語(yǔ)中也常常使用賓格形式，但要注意人稱和數(shù)的一致。試比較：

I suppose it is I who am responsible.

I suppose it is me who is responsible.

5、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的常見(jiàn)句式變化

⑴ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般疑問(wèn)句一律用Is/Was it that …? 特殊疑問(wèn)句則必須使用“特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + is/was it that …?”例如：

Was it her that you were talking about?

Was it last year that you got the scholarship?

Where was it that you saw the man?

Who was it that you want to see?

How is it that your answer differs from his?

What is it that you want me to say?

⑵“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”如果是狀語(yǔ)，且主句又為否定句時(shí)，通常發(fā)生“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。如：

①I did not see my mother again until last year.

→ It was not until last year that I saw my mother again.

②He did not feel happy until he saw her.

→ It was not until he saw her that he felt happy.

③I did not have an opportunity of seeing them again for several years.

→ It was not for several years that I had an opportunity of seeing them again.

④I did not do it for myself.

→ It was not for myself that I did it.

6、強(qiáng)調(diào)句和限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

⑴ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句有一條所謂的“黃金法則”，即：在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，任何情況下使用It和 that都不會(huì)錯(cuò)。但是需要注意的是，使用了it和that的句子并不一定都是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

⑵ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that是個(gè)虛詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，也沒(méi)有實(shí)在意義，只是起著標(biāo)志性的結(jié)構(gòu)作用，當(dāng)“被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分”是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)可以省略。

定語(yǔ)從句中的that是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，作用有三：一是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，二是指代先行詞，表示人或物，三是代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常可以省略。

⑶ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般只能是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)的單數(shù)形式is和was，偶爾根據(jù)需要可采取復(fù)雜的形式。如：

It must have been his father that you saw just now.

It might be his father that youre thinking of.

但定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等各種形式的變化。

⑷ 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的“判別方法”——強(qiáng)調(diào)句如果去掉了It is/was … that …還可以還原為一個(gè)正常語(yǔ)序的陳述句，而且保持句子的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義不變。而定語(yǔ)從句去掉關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞后，則通常需要還原成為兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。試比較：

It is the tool that is most needed.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

→The tool is most needed.

This is the tool that is most needed.（定語(yǔ)從句）

→This is the tool. The tool is most needed.

二、關(guān)于準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句

1、準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的構(gòu)成：

What 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 + is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分

正常語(yǔ)序的陳述句：I need a good holiday.

改變語(yǔ)序后的準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句：上面這個(gè)句子可以有兩種說(shuō)法：

①What I need is a good holiday.（作主語(yǔ)）

②A good holiday is what I need. （作表語(yǔ)）

2、準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的“被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分”：

⑴ 準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句通常只能強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，而不能強(qiáng)調(diào)其它成分。如：

My left leg hurts. → What hurts is my left leg.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）

I like her style.→ What I like is her style.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）

⑵ Who/Whom不能用于準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)表示人的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。如：

My uncle telephoned. (√)

Who telephoned was my uncle. (×)

3、準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的三種基本句式：

⑴ 強(qiáng)調(diào)某人進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，可用“What+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞did + is/was+(to) do sth.”句型。如：

①I wrote to George immediately.

→What I did was to write to George immediately.

②You have to choose one company to invest in.

→What you have to do is to choose one company to invest in.

③He got his wife followed by a private detective.

→What he did was get his wife followed by a private detective.

【注意】可以用all (that)代替what，強(qiáng)調(diào)只做了一件事而沒(méi)有做其它的事。如：

Al l (that) he did was shake hands and wish me good luck.

Al l (that) she ever does is make jam.

⑵ 強(qiáng)調(diào)談?wù)摰氖挛锘蛑黝}時(shí)，what-從句既可放在系動(dòng)詞be之前，也可置于其后。如：

What impressed me most was its originality.

Its originality was what impressed me most.

⑶ 強(qiáng)調(diào)某人想要、需要或喜歡的東西時(shí)，通常用“What+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞want/need,etc.+ is/was + sth.”句型?？梢杂糜谶@個(gè)句型的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：want, need, hate, love, adore, like, dislike, enjoy, prefer等。如：

①We need a big garden.

→What we need is a big garden.

②We prefer not words but deeds.

→What we prefer is not words but deeds.

【注意】① 可以用all (that)代替what，強(qiáng)調(diào)某人只想要或只需要某物。如：

All (that) I want is a holiday.

All (that) a prisoner needed was a pass.

② 如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，可以在what 或all that后面用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式。如：

What was needed was a good organization.

All that was needed was a good organization.

三、歷年高考真題

請(qǐng)選擇最佳答案：

1. Was it during the Second World War__________he died? (MET1988)

A. that B. while C. in which D. then

2. All__________is needed is a supply of oil. (MET1989)

A. the thing B. that C. what D. which

3. It was not__________she took off her glasses__________I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then (NMET92)

4. It was not until 1920__________regular radio broadcasts began. (NMET1995)

A. while B. which C. that D. since

5. It was about 600 years ago__________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that B. until C. before D. when (NMET1997)

6. Was__________that I saw last night at the concert? (1997上海)

A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself

7. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until B. that C. then D. so (NMET1998)

8.__________was in 1979__________I graduated from the university. (1998上海)

A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when

9. I feel it is your husband who__________for the spoiled child. (2002上海)

A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame

10. Wasnt it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? (1996上海)

A. I didnt know he was. B. Yes, it was.

C. No, he wasnt. D. Yes, he did.

11. It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006 全國(guó))

A. when B. that C. whereD. before

12. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature ___ he chose the course.

A. that B. what C. why D. how (2006 上海)

13. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.

A. what B. why C. whom D. which （2008 湖南）

14. It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008 全國(guó)二)

A. how B. that C. which D. when

15. It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site. (2008 重慶)

A. asB. whenC. whileD. that

【參考答案】1—5：ABBCA6—10：ABBAB11—15：BAABD