高考英語(yǔ)句子匹配的六種類型

謝奎金

近年高考各地英語(yǔ)試題均出現(xiàn)一類要求考生匹配前后句子的試題。這類試題最大特點(diǎn)是給出首句或尾句，要求考生補(bǔ)全句子，補(bǔ)全后的句子意義完整、形式照應(yīng)、邏輯清楚、句法正確、銜接自然。句式匹配是綜合考查考生語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題能力的具體體現(xiàn)。這類試題共呈現(xiàn)出以下六種類型：

一、句式型匹配

涉及特定句式的認(rèn)知和匹配，如祈使句、條件句、倒裝句等。這類試題側(cè)重考查考生對(duì)句型的理解和把握能力，要求補(bǔ)全的句子在在形式上保持照應(yīng)，符合特定的句型特征。

【例1】______and Ill get the work finished. (2006NMET重慶卷)

A. Have one more hour B. One more hour

C. Given one more hourD. If I have one more hour

答案與解析：B。此題考查祈使句的識(shí)別與匹配。祈使句常見句型—?jiǎng)釉~原形或名詞詞組+andor（或破折號(hào)）+謂語(yǔ)用將來(lái)時(shí)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的陳述句。若將題干中and 刪除，選項(xiàng)C和D 也可入選。祈使句的主語(yǔ)通常為you且省略，故答案A與后半句相矛盾，若將have改為give則A選項(xiàng)亦對(duì)。

【例2】—We have so much work to do. _____he doesnt come?

—Dont worry. With Mrs. Green to help us, we can do without him.

A. How aboutB. Why notC. What ifD. How come

答案與解析：C。考查句式匹配，what if…后續(xù)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，譯作“萬(wàn)一……怎么辦或……怎么樣”，表假設(shè)或征詢對(duì)方的意見。句意：我們有很多工作要做，萬(wàn)一他不來(lái)怎么辦；若將題干中doesnt改為hasnt，答案則選D項(xiàng)，how come(that)后續(xù)從句，表示對(duì)已發(fā)生事件的迷惑，譯作“怎么會(huì)”。句意：我們有很多工作要做，他怎么會(huì)到現(xiàn)在還不來(lái)呢?這里對(duì)這類句型加以總結(jié)：How come that…?/Why not do…?/What if…?/How about if…?/How do you like…?Who do you suggest…?/What do you think of…?

二、諺語(yǔ)型匹配

固定俗語(yǔ)在特定場(chǎng)合下的運(yùn)用，不僅可以潤(rùn)色語(yǔ)句，還發(fā)人深思，啟迪智慧。這類試題不僅考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言背景的理解，還綜合考查考生分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力。

【例3】—It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.

—Well, you know what they say._____. (2006NMET江蘇卷)

A. There is no smoke without fire B. Practice makes perfect

C. All roads lead to Rome D. No pains, no gains.

答案與解析：D。此題考查句意理解和諺語(yǔ)的匹配。解題關(guān)鍵是弄清題意，明白諺語(yǔ)自身的意義和使用場(chǎng)合。A選項(xiàng)：無(wú)火不生煙；B選項(xiàng)：熟能生巧；C選項(xiàng)：條條大路通羅馬；D選項(xiàng)：不勞無(wú)獲。故只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。又如：

You may not have played very well today, but at least youve got through to the next round and tomorrow is another day. (2007 NMET江蘇卷)

三、句法型匹配

要求考生根據(jù)句法知識(shí)，如并列關(guān)系、主從關(guān)系來(lái)匹配句子，補(bǔ)全后的句子符合句法知識(shí)。此類試題主要涉及并列句和主從復(fù)合句的認(rèn)知與匹配。解題時(shí)要充分考慮標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)以及連詞的暗示作用，它們暗示不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，代表不同的句子關(guān)系。

【例4】Faced with a bill for＄10,000, ______. (陜西2006NMET)

A. John has taken an extra jobB. the boss has given John an extra job

C. an extra job has been takenD. an extra job has been given to John

答案與解析：A。此題考查句式匹配。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與后一分句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。解題關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)邏輯主語(yǔ)并確保一致。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)常見形式為：直接以-ed/ing形式打頭或 “連詞+-ed/ing形式”兩種。

【例5】_____everything in good order, so she decided to watch TV in the sofa.

A. After she had putB. Having been put

C. She had putD. Having put

答案與解析：C。前后句通過(guò)并列連詞連接，可判斷為并列句，故不存在從屬關(guān)系，排除答案ABD。

四、意義型匹配

考生不必過(guò)多地考慮句法知識(shí)和句型搭配，主要依賴前后句句意來(lái)匹配句子，使補(bǔ)全后的句子意義相承、關(guān)聯(lián)、完整。

【例6】—Shes really pretty, isnt she? Her skin looks so baby smooth!

—Well, its just that she puts lots of make-up on her face.______ (原創(chuàng)模擬)

A. Sometimes I wish I could be as beautiful as her.

B. Actually, natural beauty comes from within.

C. I cant believe she is still so pretty after giving birth to a baby!

D. Fortunately, she has a good income.

答案與解析：B。從答語(yǔ)just可以看出說(shuō)話者不屑一顧。故只有B 項(xiàng)才能使句意完整，銜接自然。

【例7】—Jim, you are not coming back to our class next term?

—____.

A. No. Much remains to be done in my subjects

B. Yes. I feel so tired and I need a holiday.

C. No. All my classes have been completed

D. Yes. Im going to study in another school next term

答案與解析：C。若反意疑問(wèn)句陳述部分為否定形式，附加部分則采用肯定形式?；卮饡r(shí)注意對(duì)等，即yes后接肯定結(jié)構(gòu)而no后接否定結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯時(shí)與漢語(yǔ)相反。C項(xiàng)句意：是，所有的課程都學(xué)完了。

五、情景型匹配

據(jù)說(shuō)話時(shí)的場(chǎng)合和情境，恰當(dāng)選擇交際用語(yǔ)以完成簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言交際。這類試題提供說(shuō)話情景。

【例8】—Would you like to join us in the game?

—______, for I have something to attend to. (福建2008NMET)

A. I willB.Id like toC. I wont D. Im afraid not

答案與解析：D。Im afraid not表示委婉的否定或謝絕，譯作“恐怕不是(不行)”。類似的，Id like/love to…but…；Thanks…but…；Sounds great… but…均表示委婉謝絕。 若將題干for 改為but，答案則選B。

【例9】—Drink for the great moment, will you?

—_____.Its years since I last drank.

A. Yes, I couldnt agree more B. Sounds good

C. Just a little, please D. No, thanks

答案與解析：D。句意：不，謝謝。我已多年不喝酒。在since-分句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。

六、邏輯型匹配

此類試題側(cè)重考查考生分析前后句邏輯關(guān)系的能力，這種邏輯關(guān)系客觀、符合常理，不牽強(qiáng)附會(huì)。

【例10】Having been attacked by terrorists, ____. (上海2004NMET )

A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists

答案與解析：B。此題考查句式匹配。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞having been attacked 的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與后一分句的主語(yǔ)the tall building 保持呼應(yīng)。這樣邏輯才能成立。前后句通過(guò)邏輯紐帶聯(lián)系起來(lái)，這是匹配句式的主要依據(jù)之一。

總上所述，高考命題者在設(shè)計(jì)句子匹配試題時(shí)，可能會(huì)考慮各種類型的相互滲透，趨向綜合。故考生在作答此類試題時(shí)要慎重考慮形式、功用、意義、邏輯、語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。

金題精練：

1. ________ can you expect to get a pay rise.

A. With hard work B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard

2.—It shouldnt take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.

—Thats right.________. (江蘇2008)

A. Many hands make light workB. Something is better than nothing

C. The more the merrierD. The sooner begun, the sooner done

3. _______ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南2008)

A. Having searchedB. To search C. Searching D. Search

4._______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.

A. Were other things equalB. Other things were equal

C. Being equalD. Other things being equal

5. _______ the whole passage, the general idea of it will be acquired without much difficulty.

A. Having scanned B. If you scanC. Scan D. To scan

6. ________, the gathering crowd burst into applause.

A. On entering the hallB. When he took the floor

C. The speaker took his place D. No sooner had the speaker entered

7. In order to make our city green, ________.

A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant

C. our city needs more treesD. we must plant more trees

8. This is a very interesting book. Ill buy it, ________.

A. how much may it costB. no matter how it may cost

C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost

9. ________, the thief was caught by the students.

A. There being nowhere to hide B. There was no where to hide

C. There is nowhere to hideD. There nowhere to hide

10. _________, there is a lot of good English poetry around.

A. No matter its short history B. Despite its short history

C. Whatever short its historyD. However its short history

11. _________ was of little importance.

A. Whether he passed the examination or notB. No matter he might pass the examination

C. He might pass the examinationD. If he passed the examination

12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and __________.

A. Hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, too

C. To collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure

13. —Look at the noisy kids!

—Havent you heard the saying “__________”?

A. Theres plenty of fish in the sea B. All that glitters is not gold

C. When the cat is away, the mice will playD. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

14.________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.

A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure

C. There being hope for cureD. In the hope of cure

15. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _________ it was!

A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene

C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene

16. At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _________ Great Britain.

A. three times the size asB. the size three times of

C. three times as the size ofD. three times the size of

17. _________ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.

A. What is requiredB. What requiresC. It is required D. It requires

18. We all know that, ________ the situation will get worse.

A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with

C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

19. ________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student

20.—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?

—_________, but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (2008NMET)

A. Id like to B. I like itC. I dont D. I will

答案與解析：

1. C。此題考查句式結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別以及前后句邏輯關(guān)系。only置于句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)使用倒裝。

從句法分析上便可排除選項(xiàng)ABD。

2. A。眾人拾柴火焰高。

3. D。此題考查祈使句的識(shí)別及句首動(dòng)詞的選用。并列連詞and表明前后句為并列關(guān)系，故

排除前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

4. A。結(jié)合逗號(hào)和邏輯主語(yǔ)考慮排除選項(xiàng)B和C；若將答案D項(xiàng)所有格刪除亦對(duì)。虛擬語(yǔ)

氣在if-條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法，其中if被省略。

5. B。前后邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致，不使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。中間只使用逗號(hào)連接，前后句為主

從關(guān)系。

6. B。據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，可排除選項(xiàng)A。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，前后句邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)保持一致；從句

法上分析，排除選項(xiàng)C和D。

7. D。此題考查句式匹配。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞to make 的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與后一分句的主語(yǔ)we保持一

致。

8. C。此題考查句式的前后匹配。no matter how或however可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，故排除選項(xiàng)A

和D；B選項(xiàng)應(yīng)在how后加much。

9. A。此題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)的認(rèn)知。前后句用逗號(hào)隔開，后一

分句為主句，故被匹配的句子一定是從句，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯

主語(yǔ)為there。

10. B。此題考查句式匹配。前后句用逗號(hào)隔開，故判斷前一分句為從句。no matter不可直

接引導(dǎo)從句；whatever后接名詞，而however后接形容詞或副詞。11. 答案A。從句

法和功用上考慮，只能選擇名詞性從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。

12. D。前后兩個(gè)分句由and連接，在結(jié)構(gòu)和形式上應(yīng)保持一致。第一分句以動(dòng)名詞打頭，

故第二分句也應(yīng)與此保持一致。

13. C。山中無(wú)老虎,猴子稱大王。

14. B。此題綜合考查考生對(duì)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)知。no hope與no way構(gòu)成并列，由with引出，

合為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句；her pain and suffering from the terrible disease構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，作動(dòng)

詞reduce的賓語(yǔ)，其余答案不適合。

15. A。中心詞為名詞scene，故選用what連接，名詞前再接限定詞。

16. D。此題考查考生正確運(yùn)用倍數(shù)句型的能力，即n times the +n. of…句型。

17. C。此題考查句型的識(shí)別。在句型“It is +required +that從句”中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+

動(dòng)詞原形”。

18. B。此題涉及省略和語(yǔ)序。補(bǔ)充完整的句子為：We all know that, if it is not carefully dealt

with…。

19. B。此題考查前置。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，將作表語(yǔ)的名詞詞組前置即可，注意名詞

前省略冠詞。前置和倒裝在形式上最大的特點(diǎn)就是詞序的改變，依此可匹配句式。

20. A。交際用語(yǔ)“Id like toI meant to…but”表示“我想去（本打算），但……”。