《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確規(guī)定了九年級學(xué)生在閱讀方面的目標(biāo)與要求。目標(biāo)描述的第一條就是“能根據(jù)上下文和構(gòu)詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義”。因此在近年的全國各地中考題中,猜測詞義也成為閱讀理解考查中的“重頭戲”。如何有效地猜測詞的詞義,也成為廣大考生應(yīng)考的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。
一、根據(jù)下文解釋猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,安徽)原文:The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer, rubber and post.
Q:What does the underlined word “terms” mean in Chinese in the passage?
A. 成果B. 學(xué)期C. 會(huì)議D. 用語
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:由下文所舉例項(xiàng),“英國人通常使用football, eraser和mail,而美國人更多使用soccer, rubber和post”可以得知,在許多方面,他們對同一詞匯的“用語”是不同的,進(jìn)而推知“terms”的含義為“用語、術(shù)語”,故正確答案為D。
二、根據(jù)詞語之間的對等關(guān)系猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,北京)Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白質(zhì)).
Q:What does the underlined word “nutritious” mean?
A. Good for health
B. Helpful to the poor
C. Delicious and tasty
D. Rich in fat and oil
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:原文中and連接兩個(gè)并列成分highly nutritious和high in protein。由high in protein表示“富含蛋白質(zhì)”我們可以推知“highly nutritious”表示“富含脂肪和油類”,進(jìn)而可以選出正確答案D。
三、根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,浙江金華)So the boy got the video game that he wanted for free—he was told it was prize from the store. He smiled happily, although he felt it was so incredible.
Q:The underlined word “incredible” most probably means “____” in Chinese.
A. 難以置信的B. 令人興奮的
C. 感到絕望的D. 荒謬可笑的
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:通過構(gòu)詞法我們知道,in一般為“否定前綴”,表示“不,非”的意思,如incorrect(不正確的)、informal(非正式的)。原文告訴讀者,這位男孩從商店免費(fèi)得到了他所想要的視頻游戲,所以他的感覺應(yīng)當(dāng)是“難以置信的”,故正確答案為A。
四、根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,遼寧)Always take a camera with you to capture those special moments.
Q: The underlined word “capture” in this passage means ____.
A. 拍攝B. 感受C. 抓住D. 控制
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:根據(jù)生活常識(shí),外出帶上照相機(jī)是為了拍照,原文意為“帶上相機(jī)拍攝下那些特別的瞬間”,所以正確答案應(yīng)選A。
五、根據(jù)對比、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,新疆)On a bus in North America, people try to make themselves smaller and they’ll say “Excuse me” or “Sorry” if they knock into someone. In China, some people make themselves bigger with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”.
Q:The underlined word “bigger” in Chinese means ____.
A. 謙虛的B. 有禮貌的
C. 自傲的D. 文明的
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:此題關(guān)鍵是注意文中對比詞no。由原文中with no “Sorry” or “Excuse me”可以推斷出一些中國人不說“抱歉,總是認(rèn)為自己很了不起”,很“自傲”所以正確答案為C。
六、根據(jù)下文所舉例子猜測
[真題再現(xiàn)]
(2007,寧波)Do you want to do well in exams? Sometimes your knowledge is not enough, you also need good strategies. Here are some for you:
Before you answer the questions, if you feel little nervous, take a few deep breaths to help you relax.
Q:The underlined word “strategies” in the passage means ____.
A. 策略B. 思維C. 途徑D. 智慧
[思路點(diǎn)撥]:分析文中所列出的例子,都是有關(guān)考試策略方面的,作者想告訴讀者,要考好試僅有知識(shí)是不夠的,還需要一些好的策略。所以正確答案是A。
總之,利用各種已知信息推測、判斷詞義是非常重要的閱讀技巧。在實(shí)踐中,我們可以靈活運(yùn)用上面提到的幾種猜測技巧,排除生詞的障礙,順利理解文章的思想內(nèi)容,提高閱讀速度,從而在考試中獲得高分。