Unit 11
1.get some information about the town打聽城鎮(zhèn)的有關(guān)情況
get some information about the town是“詢問有關(guān)城鎮(zhèn)的信息”的意思。about與on都可以表示“關(guān)于”之意,組成介詞短語作后置定語,但在用法上稍有區(qū)別。用on時,常表示嚴肅的或?qū)W術(shù)性的,是供專門研究用的,在書面語中用得較多;用about時,表示內(nèi)容較普通,不太正式,口語中用的較多。例如:
I bought a textbook on Chinese history.昨天我買了一本關(guān)于中國歷史的教科書。
He gave Li Ming a book about Africa and its people.
他給了李明一本關(guān)于非洲和非洲人的書。
2.make a telephone call 打電話
make a telephone call是“打電話”的意思。英語中打電話的說法多種多樣:
A.用telephone/phone表示:telephone/phone sb.,telephone/phone to sb.;
B.用call表示:call sb., give a call, call to sb., call sb. up;
C.用ring表示: ring up, give a ring, ring sb. up。
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,各種通訊工具的普及,使人們的溝通無限,天涯若比鄰,交流輕松方便。在生活節(jié)奏加快的今天,telephone的作用越來越大。朋友們,你知道西方人是怎樣打電話的嗎?
西方人打電話時,形成了一些固定的說法,養(yǎng)成了一定的習(xí)慣,在電話鈴響了之后,往往拿起聽筒先說一句“Hello”,然后告訴對方自己的電話號碼,以防別人打錯。如果要詢問對方是誰時,常用“Who is that speaking? Who is that? May I ask who’s calling?”等,但是不能問“Who are you?”。想讓某人接電話時,常說“May I speak to…?”。告訴對方自己是誰時,常用“This is…speaking.”。讓對方稍等時用“Hold on (for a moment), please. Just a moment, please. Hold the line, please.”。詢問對方是否需要轉(zhuǎn)達時,常用“May I take a message for you?”。
3. Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?請問,你能告訴我在哪兒能買到詞典嗎?
get a dictionary是“買本詞典”的意思,此處get相當(dāng)于buy。get一詞主要有“得到,獲得,掙到,買到”之意,常跟名詞作賓語;如果get之后跟有雙賓語時,常譯成“拿來,取來”;如果get之后跟有復(fù)合賓語時,賓語的補足語常用名詞、代詞、動詞不定式來充當(dāng)。例如:
He got a letter yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他收到了一封信。
She got a new coat from the store.她從這家商店買了一件新外套。
Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me.給我拿杯茶。
I’ll get more men to do it. 我要叫更多的人來做這件事。
Be sure and get Mr. Smith to come. 一定要請史密斯先生來。
4. Take the escalator to the second floor.乘扶手電梯到二樓。
escalator“電梯”,指開放式的,有扶手的傾斜上下的電梯。
樓房林立,是現(xiàn)代化城市的象征,但是英國人和美國人住在同一層樓上,卻有不同的表達法。美國人表達樓層時與中國人的習(xí)慣相同,分別是:the first floor, the second floor, the third floor;而英國人表達樓層時與美國人、中國人的表達差一層,分別是:the ground floor, the first floor, the second floor。例如:
Bob and his family lived on the third floor.(美國)=Bob and his family lived on the second floor.(英國) 鮑勃和他的家人住在三樓。
5. Excuse me. Do you know where I can exchange money? 請問,你知道我能在哪兒兌換錢嗎?
exchange主要意思有“交換;以……換……;兌換”??捎脕碇浮敖粨Q禮品”,“調(diào)換座位”,“兌換錢幣”等等。但是需要注意:“換車”要用change train。例如:
Can I exchange an apple for two oranges?我可以用一個蘋果換兩個桔子嗎?
Can I exchange foreign money for Chinese here?我能在這兒把外幣兌換成人民幣嗎?
You can change the train at the Zhengzhou Railway Station.你可以在鄭州火車站換車。
6. After school, a lot of young people go to the mall. 放學(xué)后,很多年輕人喜歡到商業(yè)街去。
a lot of是“許多”的意思。英語中表示“許多”的詞語很多,用法各不相同,只用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的“許多”有:many, a great many, a big number of, big numbers of 等。只用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞的“許多”有:much, a great deal of, a great amount of等。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的“許多”有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。例如:
A great many books have been published this year.今年出版了許多書。
A great amount of money was spent on the bridge. 修建這座橋花了許多錢。
There are a lot of people at the mall. 商業(yè)街上有許多人。
There is a lot of milk in the glass.杯子里有許多牛奶。
7. Go out the front door and turn right.從前門出去向右拐。
(1) go out常見的含義有:“出去;出國;發(fā)出去,貼出去;燈光熄滅;服裝不時興”等意思。例如:
Mr. Green went out last month. He would spend his vacation in Australia.
格林先生上個月出國了,他將在澳大利亞度假。
The electric light went out when I wanted to write a letter last night.
昨晚當(dāng)我要寫信時,電燈滅了。
Your clothes go out of date. 你的服裝過時了。
(2) front是個名詞,意思是“正面,前面,前部”,反義詞是back,在它與in和of組成的介詞短語中,有無定冠詞the差別很大,in front of 是“在……的前面”指在某個范圍之外,in the front of是“在……前部”指在某個范圍之內(nèi)。例如:
Please stand in a line in front of the classroom. 請在教室前面站成一行。(教室外面)
Please stand in a line in the front of the classroom. 請在教室前面站成一行。(教室里面)
8. I’ve been collecting them for many years.我已經(jīng)集郵很多年了。
have been collecting意思是“已經(jīng)收集了……”,是現(xiàn)在完成進行時?,F(xiàn)在完成進行時由“have/has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。主要表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的一個動作,這個動作可能仍然在進行,也可能停止了一會兒。例如:
How long has it been raining? 雨下了多久了?
Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪兒去了?你干什么去了?
We’ve just been talking about you.我們正在談?wù)撝嘘P(guān)你的話題。
I’ve been sitting here all the afternoon.我在這兒坐了一下午了。
9. Can you tell me where to park my car?你能告訴我把車停在什么地方嗎?
park用作動詞時,意思是“停放車;留下某人;寄存某物”。park用作名詞時,意為“公園”。例如:
You can’t park in this street.這條街道不準停車。
Your car is badly parked.你的汽車放得不好。
No parking!禁止停車!
Park your luggage here while you buy tickets.你去買票,行李放在這兒吧。
Please park yourself in that sofa while I make you a cup of tea.
你坐在那個沙發(fā)上,我給你沏茶去。
The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子們到公園玩耍去了。
Many old people like to exercise in the park early in the morning.
許多老年人喜歡大清早到公園里活動。
10.“Where are the restrooms?” and “Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?” are similar requests—both are correct English, but the first could sound rude.
“洗手間在哪兒?” 與“你能告訴我洗手間在哪兒嗎?” 是相似的請求 ——都是正確的英語,但第一種聽起來不太有禮貌。
ask與request都是“問,請求”的意思。ask=when making a request for somebody to do something主要用于讓某人干某事,是最通俗、最口語化的詞。request=when you politely or officially ask for something作動詞時,主要用于莊重的講話和書面語中,如通告、海報等。request多用于被動語態(tài)中。同時request也可以作名詞講,表示“請求”。 例如:
I asked her to shut the window.我讓她關(guān)上窗子。
They often ask me to dinner.他們經(jīng)常請我吃飯。
Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke at the buffet counter.
乘客請勿在自助餐附近吸煙。
All I request of you is that you should be an honest boy.
我對你的全部要求是你應(yīng)該做個誠實的孩子。
11. You would not usually say, “Peter, lend me your pen.”通常你不說,“彼得,把你的鋼筆借給我用用。”
lend是“將自己的東西暫時借給別人使用”,表示“借給……”之意,故譯為“借出”;其搭配介詞為to。在某些場合下,“l(fā)end…to”可以表示“給予;賦予”之意。例如:
Will you lend me your car?你可否把汽車借給我用一下?
I’m sorry. I’ve already lent my car to Mr. Wang. 對不起,我已經(jīng)把我的汽車借給王先生了。
A fireplace lends coziness to a room. 壁爐給房間帶來溫暖舒適之感。
A becoming dress lends charm to a lady. 合身的服裝會給女士增添魅力。
The rural environment lent itself to the restoration of his health.
鄉(xiāng)村的環(huán)境有助于他恢復(fù)健康。
12. For example, if you stop a stranger in the street, we might first say, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to trouble you but,” before asking them for help. 例如,如果你在大街上攔住一位陌生人,在請求幫助之前我們可能首先要說,“打擾一下,我想知道你是否能幫我的忙”或者說“對不起,打擾一下”。
wonder作為動詞,意思是“(對……)感到驚訝,想知道,(對……)感到懷疑”,常見的用法有:后接who, what, why 等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。wonder后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,表示“感到驚訝”。 wonder后接if 或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,表委婉的請求或疑問。當(dāng)wonder與介詞at連用時,表示“感到驚訝;感到疑惑”。當(dāng)wonder后接about短語時,表示“對……感到疑惑”。例如:
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是誰。
He wondered what happened. 他想知道發(fā)生了什么事。
I wonder that she has won the race. 我對她贏了比賽感到驚訝。
I wonder that he was off office. 他下崗了,我對此感到驚訝。
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我不知道你是否能幫我一下。
She wondered whether you were free that morning. 她想知道你那天上午是否有空。
I wonder at your allowing her to do such a thing.我對你允許她做那件事感到驚訝。
I don’t wonder at his words. 我對他所說的話并不感到驚訝。
I wonder about my future. 我對我的未來感到困惑。
I was wondering about that. 我對那事感到新奇。
Unit 12
1. We often just drop by our friends’ homes.我們經(jīng)常到我們的朋友家去拜訪。
drop by是“訪問,拜訪”,指偶然的或順路去看望某人,與drop in/drop in on sb.是同義結(jié)構(gòu),這類詞組多用于口語中,不常用于正式場合,不如visit莊重、正式。例如:
He dropped by his friend’s house when he came back from work.
他下班回來時,到他朋友的家里坐了坐。
Would you drop in this evening?今天晚上你順便來一下好嗎?
She dropped in on Mary when she did some shopping. 她去買東西時,順便看望了一下瑪麗。
2. In China, you’re not supposed to pick up your bowl of rice.在中國,你不應(yīng)該端起你的飯碗。
pick up是一個使用頻率很高的詞語,它有很多含義。
(1) pick up“拎起,拾起,撿起”的意思。例如:
He picked up the bowl of rice and ate it up.他端起飯碗把飯吃光了。
Pick up the box by the handles, please. 抓住把手把手提箱提起來。
(2) pick up “收拾,收集”的意思。例如:
Please pick up the toys when you’ve finished playing.你玩過后請把玩具收拾好。
He picked up empty bottles in the park and kept it clean.
他在公園里撿拾空瓶子,使公園保持清潔。
(3) pick up “取物,接人”的意思。例如:
I’m going to pick up my coat from the cleaner’s. 我打算去洗衣店取我的大衣。
The train stopped to pick up passengers. 火車停下來搭乘客。
(4) pick up“恢復(fù)精神,恢復(fù)生機”的意思。例如:
He is beginning to pick up.他的健康正在漸漸恢復(fù)。
Trade is picking up again.商業(yè)情況在好轉(zhuǎn)。
(5) pick up“加快速度”的意思。例如:
The train picked up speed.火車加快了速度。
Let’s see how fast you can pick up from a standing start.
看看你站著起跑后能加速多快。
3. point at anyone with your chopsticks 用筷子指人
point 是個兼類詞,作動詞時常用作不及物動詞,意思是“指,指向”,point 常與介詞/副詞構(gòu)成一些固定的搭配,相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞。point to 是“指向”,表示所指的物體較近;point at 也是“指向”的意思,表示所指的物體較遠,而point out則是“指出”的意思。例如:
The building points to the south.這座大樓朝南。
She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指著我。
Point out the man who did it.把干這事的人指出來。
4. People in Japan and people in America behave differently at the dinner table. 在日本和美國的人們在飯桌上的表現(xiàn)是不同的。
(1)behave 意思是“行為,舉止,態(tài)度;開動,運轉(zhuǎn)”,前三個意思多用來指人,后面的意思多用來指機器等。 例如:
She behaves to me more like a friend than a manager.
她對我的態(tài)度不像個經(jīng)理,更像個朋友。
Boys, please behave yourselves.孩子們,注意你們的舉止。
How is the new machine behaving? 新機器開起來怎么樣?
(2)at the table意為“在桌子旁邊”,而“at table”則表示“正在吃飯”。例如:
It’s not polite to laugh at table. 吃飯時大笑是不禮貌的。
The man sat at the table and asked for a cup of tea. 那個男人坐在桌子旁,要了一杯茶。
5. This is because they come from a computer program called ICQ, which means I seek you.這是因為它們來自一個名叫ICQ的電腦程序,它的意思是“我追尋你”。
seek“找,尋覓”,是書面用語,是個古雅的詞;look for多用于口語,是較通俗的說法;search比look for稍正式,賓語一般為地點;尋找某人或某物時常在后面加for; ask for語氣最強,有命令、強迫等含義。例如:
He is seeking a job.他正在找工作。
Are you seeking a quarrel?你在尋釁吵架嗎?
Frank is looking for his lost pen.弗蘭克正在尋找他丟失的鋼筆。
Mr. Smith searched every room in the house.史密斯先生搜查了那幢房子的所有房間。
They searched the wood for the lost child. 他們在樹林里尋找丟失的孩子。
She asked for time to think all this over. 她要求給她時間把這一切好好想想。
6. But you are supposed to type quickly so the other person doesn’t get bored, so using e-mail English helps you write quickly.但是你的字必須得打得很快,這樣才不會令人厭煩,因此使用電子郵件能幫助你快速地打字。
bored是個形容詞,意思是“令人厭煩的,討厭的”,它是由動詞bore變來的。-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞多用來表示物體的屬性,主語往往是物而不是人;-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞多用來表示感受,主語是人而不是物。例如:
I think the class is boring. 我認為這節(jié)課令人討厭。
I’m bored; let’s go to the cinema.我悶了,咱們?nèi)タ措娪鞍伞?/p>
I hope you are not getting bored by my conversation.但愿我的話沒讓你厭煩。
7. E-mail English mostly uses two kinds of words.電子郵件中主要使用兩種類型的單詞。
mostly 和most作為副詞,其含義和用法稍有差別。most是指“最大程度地”或“極度地”,強調(diào)程度的極限;mostly是指“主要地”或“大部分的”,強調(diào)數(shù)量的眾多。 例如:
This story is the most interesting in the book.這個故事是這本書中最有趣的故事。
She is the most beautiful girl in the town. 她是這個城里最漂亮的姑娘。
There are many foreign students in our university, mostly South Koreans.
我們大學(xué)里有很多外國學(xué)生,大部分是韓國人。
I telephone to my parents every week, mostly on Sundays.
我每周給我父母打電話,大部分都在星期天。
8. It’s made with a colon and a right bracket beside it. 它是由一個冒號加旁邊的一個右括號組成的。
beside與besides,原先這兩個詞都可以作副詞且可以互換使用。beside現(xiàn)在只用作介詞,意思是“在……旁邊,附近”(at or by the side of)。besides作介詞時,意思是“除……之外,(還有)”。besides作副詞時,意為“而且;還有;再說”。 例如:
Come and sit beside me. 過來坐在我身邊。
I keep a dictionary beside me when I’m doing crosswords.
我在做填字游戲時,手邊總是放著一本字典。
There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.除了約翰,還有我們五個人要一起吃飯。
No one has written to me besides you. 除了你之外,沒有人給我寫過信。
I don’t like the dress, besides, it’s too expensive.
我不喜歡這件連衣裙,而且,它也太貴了。
Most adults have no time to watch cartoons, besides, they don’t like the characters in them.
大多數(shù)成年人沒有時間看動畫片,再說,他們也不喜歡里面的人物。
9. I guess you should have asked what you were supposed to… 我覺得你本應(yīng)該問問你要……
“should+have+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)意思是“本應(yīng)該……”,暗含“事實并非如此”之意。例如:
The little plants have been burnt by the sun. You should have watered them earlier.
幼苗都被曬干了,你早該給它們澆水了。
I should have phoned Mike this morning, but I forgot.
今天上午我本該給邁克打電話,但我忘了。
We should have met at 2:40, but she didn’t turn up until 3:50.
我們本該2:40會面,但她到3:50才到。
10. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! 通常我們在市中心散步,盡可能多見到一些我們的朋友!
(1)seeing as many of our friends as we can為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時表示伴隨、時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、行為方式等。例如:
The old man sat in the sun, listening to the radio. 老人坐在陽光下聽收音機。(表伴隨)
Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.
他經(jīng)過那所房子時,看見一個女孩在彈鋼琴。(表時間)
Being ill, he couldn’t attend the meeting. 他因病不能參加會議。(表原因)
Turning to the left, you’ll find a bookstore. 向左轉(zhuǎn),你會看到一家書店。(表條件)
His father died, leaving him nothing. 他父親去世了,什么也沒給他留下。(表結(jié)果)
(2)as…as sb. can…指“盡可能……地”,相當(dāng)于as…as possible, as…as中間用副詞或形容詞,跟形容詞時,后可接名詞。例如:
They ran as fast as they could/possible.他們盡量跑快點兒。
You can buy as many books as you can/possible. 你可以盡可能多地買書。
11. It’s even better than I thought it would be. 比我原來想象的要好。
(1)even作副詞,意為“甚至”,要注意其位置,應(yīng)靠近它所強調(diào)的詞或短語。例如:
The next morning Jenny got up even earlier. 第二天早晨詹妮起得更早。
In fact, I feel even worse. 真的,我覺得更不舒服了。
(2)在形容詞或副詞的比較級前,常有一些副詞或短語來修飾它們,表示“比原來更……”或“……得多”。這些詞語常用的有:still, even, much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, any等。例如:
He is now working still harder than ever. 他現(xiàn)在比以往更努力了。
This problem is even more difficult than that one. 這道題甚至比那道題更難。
This picture is far better than that one. 這幅畫比那幅畫好得多。
12. And I had not just one set to use, but two or three of each. 而且每種不是只有一件,而是兩三件。
not…but…意為“不是……而是……”,這是一個連詞詞組,連接兩個并列成分,在意思上表示轉(zhuǎn)折。例如:
He is not American but English. 他不是美國人而是英國人。(連接兩個表語)
The boy can’t read or write in English, but can speak English fluently.
這個男孩不能讀英語和寫英語,但能流利地說英語。(連接兩個謂語)
They don’t need money but time. 他們不需要錢,而需要時間。(連接兩個賓語)
Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.
不是學(xué)生們而是老師希望去那兒。(連接兩個主語)
[注意]not…but…連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞要與緊靠它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there. 不是老師而是學(xué)生們想去那兒。