英文解讀“奶粉門”

要聞摘要

三鹿奶粉被爆含有三聚氰胺之后，全國一片嘩然。作為著名品牌，三鹿集團應對這場公關危機的方式備受抨擊。造成數(shù)千名嬰幼兒患病的“奶粉門”不僅使三鹿集團本身面臨傾覆，也使國產(chǎn)奶粉集體面臨尷尬，更使整個民族乳業(yè)陷入前所未有的信任危機。伊利、蒙牛等著名品牌也“榜上有名”，隨后國家質(zhì)檢總局廢止了存在八年之久的免檢制度。三鹿“奶粉門”可謂國產(chǎn)奶粉之殤，對中國整個乳制品行業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響。而“奶粉門”也引起了國外媒體的廣泛關注，中國食品安全再次陷入一片質(zhì)疑聲。

#8226;奶粉 Milk powder/Powdered milk

此外，“嬰幼兒配方奶粉”的英語表達是baby formula/infant formula，指an artificial substitute for human breast milk， designed for infant consumption，能夠替代母乳為嬰兒生長與發(fā)育提供所需營養(yǎng)的一種人工食品；formula此處指a special nutritive mixture， esp. of milk， sugar， and water， in prescribed proportions for feeding a baby，為嬰幼兒配制的特殊營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)。

例：The dairy company at the heart of the scandal， Sanlu Group Co.， is one of China's biggest producers of powdered milk.

丑聞中處于風口浪尖的三鹿集團是中國最大的奶粉生產(chǎn)商之一。

【延伸】平常所說的milk，是“牛奶”的統(tǒng)稱，牛奶還可細分，如全脂奶、脫脂奶等，跟牛奶相關的產(chǎn)品稱作乳制品。

#8226;乳制品 Dairy product/Milk product

Dairy還可表示“牛奶場、乳品店”； 此外，dairying，乳制品業(yè)；dairy cattle /milk cows，奶牛；dairy maid，牛奶場女工；dairy man，牛奶場主、牛奶場男工、奶品商等。

例：Dairy products are the best source of calcium.

奶制品中鈣含量豐富，是補鈣的好來源。

#8226;污染乳、異味乳Tainted milk

例：China's chief quality supervisor resigned Monday in response to the tainted-milk scandal that has killed four infants， sickened nearly 6，300 and highlighted China's difficulties in overhauling its food safety system.

周一中國質(zhì)監(jiān)總局局長引咎辭職，此次“毒奶粉”事件造成四名嬰兒死亡，六千多名患病，同時凸顯了中國在改革食品安全體系方面的重重困難。

#8226;全脂牛奶 Whole milk

#8226;低脂牛奶 Low-fat milk

#8226;脫脂牛奶 Skimmed milk/Fat-free milk

例：Most grocery stores and dairies stock skimmed milk， along with low-fat and whole milk products. For people who are concerned about the amount of fat in their diets， skimmed milk is an excellent alternative to whole milk， although some people do not enjoy the flavor.

大多數(shù)雜貨店和乳品店都出售脫脂牛奶，還有低脂和全脂牛奶產(chǎn)品。對于那些關心脂肪攝入量的人來說脫脂牛奶是全脂牛奶的完美替代品，雖然有些人覺得脫脂牛奶的味道不怎么樣。

#8226;液態(tài)奶 Liquid milk

例：Tests show that 10% of the liquid milk supply has been contaminated with melamine， the chemical that has killed four infants and left thousands more ill.

有10％的液態(tài)奶已被檢出含有三聚氰胺，該化學物質(zhì)已導致4名嬰兒死亡，另有上千名嬰幼兒致病。

注：三聚氰胺（melamine）是一種低毒的化學物質(zhì)，多用于生產(chǎn)塑料和肥料。由于其性純白色、無味，摻雜進食物不易發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此常為造假者利用，通過三聚氰胺“增加”產(chǎn)品的蛋白質(zhì)含量。長期攝入三聚氰胺可能對腎與膀胱產(chǎn)生影響，導致產(chǎn)生結石。目前患腎結石（kidney stones）的嬰幼兒，主要是由于食用了含有大量三聚氰胺的三鹿牌嬰幼兒配方奶粉引起的。

#8226;酸奶 Yogurt/Yoghurt

酸奶一般指用乳酸桿菌（lactobacillus）發(fā)酵的奶。乳酸菌是一種存在于人體內(nèi)的益生菌，能夠幫助消化，有助人體腸臟的健康，常添加在酸奶之內(nèi)。

例：Eating yogurt and other foods laden with lactic acid may keep your gums from receding and teeth from falling out， Japanese researchers report.

日本研究人員稱，吃酸奶等富含乳酸的食物能防止牙齦萎縮和牙齒脫落。

#8226;奶油 Cream

#8226;奶油蛋糕為cream cake

#8226;冰激凌為ice cream

例：Cream is a dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

奶油是一種乳制品，提取自牛奶均化前第一層含脂量較高的部分。

#8226;奶酪 Cheese

例：When we strain milk through this thin cloth overnight， it makes excellent cheese.

如果將牛奶攤在薄布上脫整夜的水分，可以制出優(yōu)質(zhì)的奶酪。

#8226;煉乳 Condensed milk/Concentrated milk

例：Condensed milk， also known as sweetened condensed milk， is cow's milk from which water has been removed and to which sugar has been added， yielding a very thick， sweet product that can last for years without refrigeration if unopened.

煉乳，也稱甜煉乳，是將牛奶進行脫水，加入糖，然后產(chǎn)生的一種濃稠的甜乳品，包裝良好的情況下可長期儲存。

#8226;奶昔 Milkshake

例：I'll have a cheese burger， french fries and a large chocolate milkshake， please.

我想要一個芝士漢堡包、一包薯條和一大杯巧克力奶昔。

活學活用

注：“奶粉門”讓每個中國媽媽都提心吊膽，但我們也可以趁這一熱點話題，學習一些相關的日常英語。

【場景】購買奶粉

Mother: Excuse me， has this milk powder been inspected and certified?

媽媽：請問這個牌子的奶粉經(jīng)過檢驗了嗎？

Saleswoman: Yes， this brand is imported， so there's no chance it contains melamine. You don't need to worry.

售貨員：是的，這是進口奶粉，目前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這個牌子的奶粉中含有三聚氰胺，您放心吧。

Mother: Thanks. It's a little expensive， though. It'll be great when the domestic brands are properly certified. Otherwise， I can't afford the expense.

媽媽：謝謝，可是有點貴。國產(chǎn)奶粉要有放心的就好了，否則常此下去，我可承擔不起。

Saleswoman: There are certified and inspected domestic brands， like this one. Besides， after this scandal， local milk powder should be ok.

售貨員：也有檢測合格的國產(chǎn)奶粉，比如這個牌子。另外，過了這段時間，以后批次的國產(chǎn)奶粉應該都沒問題了。

Mother: That's right. Next time I must check the production date to see that it's after October， and definitely no Sanlu. It's awful. Thanks for the advice.

媽媽：也對，以后買奶粉一定要看一下生產(chǎn)日期是不是10月以后的。另外，堅決不買三鹿奶粉。太可惡了。謝謝您的提醒。

Saleswoman: You're welcome. Hope your baby's well. Here's your stuff， look forward to seeing you again.

售貨員：不客氣。祝您的寶寶健康，拿好您的東西，再見。

Note

Milk做為動詞還可表示dishonestly from (a person or an situation)，即“以不夠誠信的方式從某人或某處牟利”。 編者以此為標題含有雙關之意。