在英語(yǔ)學(xué)科訓(xùn)練體系中提高教師的能力與素質(zhì)

一、試題評(píng)價(jià)與分析

例題一：—How old is your little sister? （調(diào)研測(cè)試題第二題中第4題）

—. We had a special party for herbirthday last Saturday.

A. Nine， ninthB. Nine， nine C. Ninth， ninth

(Answer: A)

評(píng)價(jià)與分析： 此題注重對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查(基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法) 。它關(guān)注學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣，精選終身學(xué)習(xí)必備的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能，有利于各種程度的學(xué)生都能考出自己的實(shí)際水平，體現(xiàn)了試卷難易適度的原則。同時(shí)，學(xué)生掌握好基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的用法，對(duì)他們今后學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間、日期的表達(dá)很有幫助。

例題二：— What’s your favorite ________? （道外區(qū)英語(yǔ)試卷第27題）

—Oranges.

A. colorB. fruitC. juice（Answer: B）

評(píng)價(jià)與分析：該題重點(diǎn)考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯orange基本詞義的理解。Orange有3個(gè)意思：桔子、桔色、桔子汁。學(xué)生通過(guò)注意其名詞復(fù)數(shù)的形式，確定本題意思為“桔子”，從而確定題意是問(wèn)水果，故選B。該題的考查體現(xiàn)了基礎(chǔ)性及知識(shí)性，同時(shí)也提醒教師在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中，要重視對(duì)基礎(chǔ)詞匯多義性的講解，并給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹R(shí)拓寬。

例題三： —Do you know Harbin will hold the 24th World Winter University Games?

—Oh， really?What _______good news it is！ （南崗區(qū)英語(yǔ)試卷第21題）

A. aB. the C. / （Answer: C）

評(píng)價(jià)與分析：冠詞是初中階段出現(xiàn)頻率較高的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)。感嘆句的用法在八年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit 3 Topic 2 What sweet music!用一個(gè)話題的容量讓學(xué)生領(lǐng)會(huì)掌握。而本題很好地把冠詞和感嘆句結(jié)合到一起。不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合之一就是冠詞不放在不可數(shù)名詞前。而這一點(diǎn)又可以在感嘆句的句型What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)中得到驗(yàn)證。本題也把2009年哈爾濱將舉辦第24屆世界冬季大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)這一時(shí)事在不知不覺(jué)中傳遞給學(xué)生。

例題四：Which sign means “recycling”? （香坊區(qū)調(diào)研測(cè)試第二題第34題）

評(píng)價(jià)與分析：本題能夠促進(jìn)英語(yǔ)課程內(nèi)容與社會(huì)、與學(xué)生實(shí)際生活之間的聯(lián)系，這也是新課標(biāo)對(duì)教學(xué)的要求之一。通過(guò)對(duì)身邊的圖示觀察，讓學(xué)生了解“循環(huán)利用”的標(biāo)志，有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)。同時(shí)，這兩道題（例題三、例題四）都緊貼現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和實(shí)踐，與學(xué)生聯(lián)系密切。

例題五：The earth is our home， we must take good care of it. This 1 to keep the land， air and water clean. But 2 is a serious problem. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution appears in 3 forms. We can see it， smell it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to do 4 to our health and even to our life.

Man has been polluting the earth from the time when he first made his fire. Pollution is caused by washing his clothes in the river and throwing his rubbish on the ground， too. Long， long ago， the problem was not so 5 because there were not so many people. There are more and more people in the world. From last century， man had 6 the world more and more and the environment was 7worse and worse.

Talking about pollution， we once only meant air pollution. It is true that air pollution is still the most dangerous now， but it is only one kind of pollutions. For example，8 using poison， we have polluted the land and killed the fish and so on.

The 9 people there are， the more rubbish there will be. In my opinion， if we want to stop pollution， we should keep the population 10 growing too fast. If so， our life will become better and better.（調(diào)研測(cè)試題完形填空）

() 1.A.mean B.meansC.meant

() 2.A.pollution B.airC.water

() 3.A.littleB.much C.many

() 4.A.harm B.harms C.harming

() 5.A.importantB.serious C.helpful

() 6.A.polluteB.pollutingC.polluted

() 7.A.gettingB.gotC.get

() 8.A.inB.onC.by

() 9.A.the mostB.moreC.most

() 10.A. with B.forC.from

(Answers： 1.B2. A3. C4. A5. B6. C7. A8. C9.B10.C)

評(píng)價(jià)與分析：這是一篇科普文章。此題開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)明主題，即：地球是我們的家園，必須照顧好它。接下來(lái)談了當(dāng)今的社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)：環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。通過(guò)閱讀此篇文章，讓學(xué)生明白了一個(gè)道理——應(yīng)該從小保護(hù)環(huán)境。它不僅能考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、詞組、語(yǔ)法、句型和常識(shí)邏輯等語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握和正確使用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，而且也考查了學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力、推理和情景等方面綜合理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。此題從知識(shí)點(diǎn)考查上來(lái)說(shuō)包含了動(dòng)詞、名詞、介詞、副詞及其時(shí)態(tài)、短語(yǔ)do harm to， keep from doing等用法。要求學(xué)生在掌握這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的同時(shí)，還要從語(yǔ)篇層次上把握語(yǔ)言材料。對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)判斷、推理等方面能力進(jìn)行全方位的測(cè)試。充分體現(xiàn)了考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)多，綜合性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。

例題六：道外區(qū)測(cè)試題（八）書(shū)面表達(dá)A。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)5句話，在世界環(huán)境日到來(lái)之際，某校八年一班的學(xué)生以環(huán)保為話題，談?wù)撟约航?jīng)常做哪些保護(hù)環(huán)境的事情。下面是部分同學(xué)的發(fā)言摘記。請(qǐng)根據(jù)表格提供的信息寫(xiě)5句話，要求用上所有的信息，不同的句式并表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

NameActivity

Zhang HuaClean all the garbage from the street

WeiFangCelebrate Earth Day by planting trees

LiuChangDoing the three R’s

I …

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.（答案：略）

評(píng)價(jià)與分析：本題通過(guò)語(yǔ)境的創(chuàng)設(shè)，使枯燥的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)考查變得親切、平和，同時(shí)注重學(xué)生在真實(shí)情景中正確使用語(yǔ)言的能力，具有開(kāi)放性和探究性。題目要求學(xué)生發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)，這樣就擴(kuò)大了學(xué)生思維探究的空間，激發(fā)了學(xué)生的興趣，發(fā)揮了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)潛能，使得學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中提高綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。

二、試題創(chuàng)編

創(chuàng)編題一：This is an1boy.2 name is Bill. He is3.He is a good friend of4.We are in No.2 Middle School.5teacher’s name is Li Yang. She is a woman.6 is a good teacher and teaches7English. We all like8. Bill is good 9 English. He often 10me with my English.

1.A. AmericanB. AmericaC .USA

2 A. He B. Her C. His

3.A. twoB. twelveC. twenty

4.A. me B. my C. mine

5.A. WeB. OurC. Ours

6.A. SheB. Her C. Hers

7.A. we B. usC. our

8.A. sheB. hers C. her

9.A. at B. with C. in

10.A. help B. helping C. helps

創(chuàng)編說(shuō)明: 初中生對(duì)人稱(chēng)代詞4種形式的應(yīng)用是一個(gè)教學(xué)難點(diǎn)，學(xué)生對(duì)其用法常?；煜蕜?chuàng)編此題。其中第2、4、5、6、7、8題分別是對(duì)人稱(chēng)代詞的主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞進(jìn)行考查，弄清楚他們的用法和區(qū)別，有助于學(xué)生對(duì)人稱(chēng)代詞四種形式的掌握。

創(chuàng)編題二：交際英語(yǔ)——從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話

Jane: Hello!

Tom:Hi， Jane 1

Jane: Yes， 2

Tom:3 Would you like to go the West Hill for a picnic?

Jane: 4

Tom: 5

Jane: Sure， I will call her.

Tom: Do not forget to bring your guitar.

Jane: All right. See you then.

Tom: See you.

A. Are you free this Sunday?

B. Please tell Mary about it.

C. This is Tom speaking.

D. What is up?

E. Oh， I would love to.

F. Are you Jane?

G. Who are you?

（Answer: 1C， 2D， 3A， 4E， 5B）

創(chuàng)編說(shuō)明：交際英語(yǔ)是初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的一個(gè)重要方面，許多學(xué)生把英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成知識(shí)來(lái)學(xué)。實(shí)際上，英語(yǔ)是門(mén)應(yīng)用學(xué)科，學(xué)的目的是為了應(yīng)用。在西方國(guó)家中，用電話進(jìn)行交流是常用的交際手段之一。在英語(yǔ)中，這種交流有著獨(dú)自的特征。而中國(guó)學(xué)生往往受漢語(yǔ)影響，講的中式英語(yǔ)，有時(shí)會(huì)造成不必要的誤解，故創(chuàng)編此題。

創(chuàng)編題三: Tom with his classmates ______ an English lesson now.

A. have B. are havingC. is having （Answer: C）

比較原題：Maria and her classmates ______ volleyball.

A. is playingB. are playing C. playing (Answer: B)

創(chuàng)編說(shuō)明：英語(yǔ)中要求主謂一致。原題中的主語(yǔ)為Maria and her classmates，并列主語(yǔ)中間用連詞and 連接，為復(fù)數(shù)，故動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。而創(chuàng)編題的主語(yǔ)為T(mén)om， 盡管后面接了一個(gè)with 短語(yǔ)做修飾語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)還是Tom，所以動(dòng)詞仍需用單數(shù)，此類(lèi)題型學(xué)生常常出錯(cuò)，所以要讓學(xué)生多做練習(xí)，形成這種語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力。

創(chuàng)編題四: —How many girls went to Russia?

—_________________. (Answer：None)

創(chuàng)編說(shuō)明: Nobody，No one， None， Nothing這4個(gè)不定代詞經(jīng)常在測(cè)試卷中出現(xiàn)，學(xué)生卻常常把它們弄混。None后可接of短語(yǔ)，可指人，也可指物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)?；卮餒ow many/How much 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。No one 只能指人，后不接of短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)，回答Who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。Nothing什么也沒(méi)有，回答What 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。Nobody表示沒(méi)人。 針對(duì)此題可以對(duì)4個(gè)詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)講解，以使學(xué)生區(qū)分記憶。

三、反思矯正題

反思矯正題一：本次阿城區(qū)調(diào)研測(cè)試中得分率最低的題是任務(wù)型閱讀，得分率為50%。 從答卷情況來(lái)看，學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)掌握的不扎實(shí)。針對(duì)這種情況，筆者對(duì)本學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)的短文The Sound of Music進(jìn)行創(chuàng)編，作為反思矯正題。

任務(wù)型閱讀：

先閱讀短文，然后根據(jù)要求及所給語(yǔ)境完成兩列4項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

livedie belone America

A

The Sound of Music is one of the most poplar1movies. It is a story about a young woman2in Austria. Her name was Maria. She went to the Von Trapp family to care for seven children.

Mrs. Von Trapp3， and the family4very sad and tired. The children cried and shouted every day. The father was5 and often became angry because of the noisy children.

B

Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short， funny plays to cheer themselves up. The father was almost mad at first， but the smiling faces of his children pleased him and made him happy again.

任務(wù)一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空：

1. _________2. _________3.__________

4._________5._________

任務(wù)二、單詞釋義：

1. p to do something to amuse people.

2. m ill in the mind.

任務(wù)三、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：

The father was lonely and often became angry because of the noisy children.

The father was lonely and often became the noisy children.

任務(wù)四、 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)答問(wèn)題：

Was the father happy or sad at last?

(Answers:任務(wù)一： 1.American2.living3.died 4.were5.lonely；任務(wù)二： 1.perform 2.mad；任務(wù)三： angry with；任務(wù)四： Happy )

在教學(xué)中，若能將所學(xué)的閱讀短文改編成任務(wù)型閱讀的形式讓學(xué)生去做，學(xué)生的能力會(huì)很快地提高。

反思矯正題二：針對(duì)學(xué)生在阿城統(tǒng)考試卷中完形填空失分較多這一情況，我們?cè)诮窈蟮慕虒W(xué)中應(yīng)加大對(duì)完形填空的訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的答題能力，綜合分析能力。在此我們挑選了一道難度適中的完形填空題讓學(xué)生練習(xí)。希望通過(guò)對(duì)這道題的講解，使學(xué)生掌握完形填空的基本做法，同時(shí)也希望對(duì)學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)詞匯，訓(xùn)練聽(tīng)說(shuō)能力方面，有所幫助。

完形填空：

When learning new vocabulary， don’t just memorize (記住) a list of words. Instead， try to1five sentences using each new word. Then use the new word as often as you can2day you learn it. This3you will remember new words much longer.Practicing sounds， you know， is，4 the “th” sound for example. Choose words that begin 5“th” and repeat them over and over again6you are comfortable with them. Let’s try! This， that， those， them， think， thought through， thin， thick ...

Read，read， read in English， of course! Reading is one of the best ways to increase your vocabulary7improve your grammar in a natural and fun way. Be 8to choose topics or books you are interested in.

When someone is talking in English，9the main point. If you hear a word you don't understand， ignore it and go on listening. If you stop and think about the word， you will 10 everything else the person is saying.

Always remember—Practice makes perfect.

( )1.A.sayB. makeC. remember

( )2.A.the first B. the secondC. each

( )3.A.dayB. time C. way

( )4.A.difficult B. terrible C. funny

( )5.A.with B. from C. at

()6.A.whenB. after C. until

( )7.A.and B. so C. or

( )8.A.quickB. sureC. important

( )9.A.look forB. seeC. listen for

( )10.A.miss B. guessC. get

(Answers：1. B2.A3.C4.A5.A6. C7A8.B9.C10.A詳細(xì)分析略)

對(duì)學(xué)生完形填空能力的培養(yǎng)是對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)，它涉及到聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)的各個(gè)方面，除英語(yǔ)水平的提高外，解題技巧也需注意。

反思矯正題三：初中英語(yǔ)中的書(shū)面表達(dá)，對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)講是一個(gè)難題。寫(xiě)作能力的培養(yǎng)應(yīng)從基本的寫(xiě)句子開(kāi)始。寫(xiě)句子應(yīng)包括：造句、句型操練、時(shí)態(tài)翻譯、話題說(shuō)明等。下面是針對(duì)怎樣過(guò)節(jié)的話題訓(xùn)練。

親愛(ài)的同學(xué)們，節(jié)日即將來(lái)臨，你想怎樣度過(guò)呢？下面是幾個(gè)學(xué)生的打算，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)表格的信息用不同的句式寫(xiě)出5個(gè)句子。要求用上所有的信息并表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

NamePlans

MariaPlay football

Michael Visit the Great Wall

Jane and TomFly Kites

I…

( The Answers for reference: 1.Maria is going to play football with her friends；2.Michael will visit the Great Wall with his parents；3.Jane and Tom would like to fly kites in the park.；4.I plan to stay home and do my homework；5.I think different students have different things to do. )

若能讓學(xué)生每天寫(xiě)5個(gè)句子，堅(jiān)持下去，一定會(huì)有收獲。以上是我們此次交流活動(dòng)的一些作法和粗淺體會(huì)，目的在于拋磚引玉，敬請(qǐng)各位專(zhuān)家、同仁指正。