“書面表達(dá)”典型錯(cuò)誤剖析

滕兆山

筆者對(duì)所教兩個(gè)班的110個(gè)學(xué)生的一篇“書面表達(dá)”題中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤進(jìn)行了分析?！皶姹磉_(dá)”的內(nèi)容是手機(jī)短信的好處和壞處。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生出錯(cuò)的主要原因是受漢語習(xí)慣的影響。這些錯(cuò)誤可歸為以下幾類。

1. 漏掉“be”動(dòng)詞。例如：

他們贊成這個(gè)主意。

誤： They in favour of the idea.

正： They are in favour of the idea.

他們反對(duì)這個(gè)主意。

誤： They against the idea.

正： They are against the idea.

短信對(duì)他們有益。

誤： Short messges good for them.

正： Short messages are good for them.

2. 誤加助動(dòng)詞。例如：

如果短信不能被控制的話，他們將會(huì)影響節(jié)目的質(zhì)量。

誤： If short messages will can't be controlled， they will affect the quality of the TV programs.

正： If short messages can't be controlled， they will affect the quality of the TV programs.

3. 動(dòng)詞原形充當(dāng)主語。例如：

他們都認(rèn)為發(fā)短信很貴。

誤： They all think that send short messages is expensive.

正： They all think that sending short messages is expensive.

4. 缺少主語。例如：

他們?nèi)绱顺聊缬诎l(fā)短信以致于在上面花費(fèi)了很多的時(shí)間。

誤： They are so addicted to sending short messages that spend too much time on it.

正： They are so addicted to sending short messages that they spend too much time on it.

有很多人不同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。

誤： There are many people don't agree to this idea.

正： There are many people who don't agree to this idea.

5. 謂語動(dòng)詞形式變化的錯(cuò)誤。例如：

它常常迎合了年青人的需要。

誤： It often cater to the need of the young people.

正： It often caters to the need of the young people.

6. “be”動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞疊加

他們同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

誤： They are agree to the idea.

正： They agree to the idea.

出現(xiàn)第6類錯(cuò)誤的原因在于同學(xué)們?cè)诔踔杏⒄Z起始階段接觸到大量含有“be”的句子，如： I am a student. You are good. He is a cowboy. They are in the garden. 受此影響，部分學(xué)生覺得似乎每個(gè)英語句子都得有一個(gè)“be”動(dòng)詞。

7. 相同表達(dá)法疊加

他們將沉迷于此。

誤： They will lost themselves in it.

正： They will lose themselves in it. /They will be lost in it.

本句的錯(cuò)誤在于學(xué)生把“沉迷”的兩種表達(dá)方式“l(fā)ose oneself in”和“be lost in”混在一起使用。

為避免上述錯(cuò)誤的發(fā)生，我們必須記準(zhǔn)常用句式和固定短語，同時(shí)也要熟悉基本的英語語法。