透視英語(yǔ)中主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的幾種情況

張?jiān)录t

在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，有許多地方用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，這對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，不好掌握。其實(shí)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)是指形式無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)而含被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)形式，即句中某個(gè)名詞或代詞與某個(gè)動(dòng)詞存在邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或?yàn)楸粍?dòng)關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義的情況有：

1. be worth＋doing值得做…… 例如：

The novel is worth reading again.

The film is worth seeing.

2. need（want / require）+ doing等于need（want / require）+to be done 需要做……例如：

My watch needs reparing（＝to be repaired）.

The house wants painting（＝to be pained）.

3. 某些與cant, wont等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如move,lock, shut, open等,常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義, 例如：

It cant move.

The door wont shut.

The window wont open.

4.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut等,且主語(yǔ)是非生命的名詞或代詞,用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。 例如：

This kind of book sells well.

The pen writes smoothly.

The cloth washes well.

The poem reads smoothly.

The table doesnt clean easily.

This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.

That door shuts well.

5. 主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義,這些表語(yǔ)形容詞有hard， difficult， easy， fit， necessary ，dangerous ， comfortable， heavy等.例：

The problem is hard to solve.

The chair is comfortable to sit on.

I find the water in the well fit to drink.

6. 有些系動(dòng)詞,如: taste, sound , prove，feel， look，smell，remain , appear等,常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義.例如：

The flower looks ugly.

What you said sounds reasonable.

The dish smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

The story proved quite false.

She remains silent.

This material feels soft.

7.有些不定式，如：to let, to blame , to rent, remain to do等常用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)含義。 例如：

The taxi is to rent.

Much remains to find.

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

The house is to let.

8. “主語(yǔ)+have / has + 名詞+ to do”結(jié)構(gòu),也用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義, 此時(shí)主語(yǔ)與to do 存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系, to do 與賓語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例如：

He has many problems to solve.

White has lots of things to do.

I have a room to live in.

9.介詞 on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：

① under＋n.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事在進(jìn)行中。 如：under control, under repair, under discussion等。例如：

The fire was under control at last.

②on +名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示在從事……中。如：on sale,on show等.例如：

Many new types of cars are on show in Beijing.

10.在too…to…和enough to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例如： The box is too heavy to carry.

The room is not big enough to have a meeting in.

練習(xí)一

選擇題

1. There are many good films played by Cheng Long that are worth.

A. to be seen B. being seen

C. seeingD. to see

2. The foodeasily and sells.

A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good

C. is cooked; wellD. cooked; good

3. The windows of the building wont.

A. be closedB. close

C. be closingD. closed

4. —Do you like the material?—Yes,itvery soft.

A. is feeling B. feltC. feelsD. is felt

5. There is a new problem road conditions need.

A.that ; to be improved

B.which ; to be improved

C.where ; improving

D.when ; improving

6． My money. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.

A. has been run out B. is running out

C. has run out D. is being run out

練習(xí)二

漢譯英

1.這個(gè)理論證明是正確的.

____________________________________.

2.這間房子令人感覺(jué)很熱.

____________________________________.

3.這門(mén)鎖不上.

____________________________________.

4.他的書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo).

____________________________________.

5.大樓正在建設(shè)中.

____________________________________.

答案

練習(xí)一 ：

1-6 CABCAB

練習(xí)二 ：

1. The theory proved(to be) true.

2. This room feels hot.

3. The door wont lock.

4. His book sells well.

5. The building is under construction.