現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一點(diǎn)就通

認(rèn)真分析近年來與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有關(guān)的中考試題，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)其經(jīng)典考點(diǎn)如下：

一、考查與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語

1. —Chen Jie， the workers _________ our new library already.

—Really? I’ll go there and borrow some books. (2007年浙江寧波)

A. decorateB. are decorating

C. have decoratedD. were decorated

2. I have known the writer for several years. I am reading his latest book， but I__________ it yet. (2006年江蘇宿遷)

A. have finished B. hadn’t finished

C. am not finishingD. haven’t finished

3. —Would you like to see the film with me?

—I’m sorry I _________ it twice. (2007年北京)

A. see B. will see

C. have seen D. am seeing

4. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.

—Oh， not at all. I ___________ for only several minutes. (2007年湖北襄樊)

A. will be B. have been

C. was D. had been

5. —You are leaving your school. How do you like it?

—Very much， of course. I _________ this school since I moved here.

(2006年湖北黃岡)

A. came toB. have gone to

C. have been atD. have been to

6. In the past few years there __________ great changes in my hometown.

(2007年天津)

A. have been B. were

C. had beenD. are

[一點(diǎn)就通]

與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語主要有以下幾類：①already， ever， just， never， yet， recently等表示時(shí)間的副詞；②once， twice， three times等表示次數(shù)的詞或詞組；③for連接的表示一段時(shí)間的詞組；④since連接的表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞、詞組或時(shí)間狀語從句。需要注意的是，since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)。⑤in the past/last+一段時(shí)間，意為“在過去的……”。

二、考查have/has gone to和have/has been to的區(qū)別

7. —Hello， this is Lily speaking. Could I speak to Mr. Black?

—Sorry. He __________ the Xuanwu Lake Park. (2007年江蘇南京)

A. has been to B. went to

C. has gone to D. will go to

8. —Please tell me how many times _________ to the Summer Palace.

—Only once. (2007年江蘇無錫)

A. have you gone B. you have gone

C. have you been D. you have been

[一點(diǎn)就通]

have/has gone to意為“到某地去了”，可能在途中，也可能已經(jīng)到達(dá)了目的地；have/has been to意為“（曾經(jīng)）去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了。

三、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與for， since連用表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的用法

9. My father _________ on business for two week. He will return in 3 days.

(2007年內(nèi)蒙古烏蘭察布)

A. leftB. has left

C. has goneD. has been away

10. —How long have you __________ your watch? It looks new.

—Only about three weeks. (2007年浙江寧波)

A. had B. bought

C. received D. borrowed

11. —I’m sorry， John. I _________ your radio for such a long time.

—Never mind. You can still ___________ it a little longer if you like.

(2007年內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特)

A. have borrowed; kept

B. have lent; kept

C. have kept; keep

D. have returned; kept

12. It __________ ten years since we last ________ in Beijing. (2006年河北)

A. was， metB. has been， met

C. was， meet D. is， meet

13. —Hi. I_________ you for a long time.

—Iin Beijing. I have just come back. (2007年湖北隨州)

A. hadn’t seen; amB. haven’t seen; shall be

C. didn’t see; will be D. haven’t seen; was

[一點(diǎn)就通]

在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句中，謂語只能是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能用終止性動(dòng)詞，常見的終止性動(dòng)詞有come， go， leave， join， arrive， buy， die等。如果要表達(dá)這些動(dòng)作發(fā)生了多長時(shí)間，需要把它們轉(zhuǎn)換成能夠表示持續(xù)意義的動(dòng)詞或短語，常見的轉(zhuǎn)換方法有：①轉(zhuǎn)換成“be+名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如，come→ be in， go→ be at， leave→ be away， join the army→ be a soldier/in the army， die→ be dead等；②用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換終止性動(dòng)詞，如，buy→ have， borrow → keep等；③用“It is/has +一段時(shí)間+since+從句(用一般過去時(shí))”表示；④用“一段時(shí)間+has passed + since+從句(用一般過去時(shí))”表示。

注意：終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。

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