楊正凡
一、 感嘆句的定義
感嘆句用來表示說話人的喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。這種句子一般以what或how開頭,句末用感嘆號,朗讀時,句末用降調(diào)。將其譯為漢語時,一般為“……多么……呀(?。 ?。 what修飾后面的名詞。 how修飾后面的形容詞、副詞或謂語動詞。
二、 感嘆句的構(gòu)成模式
1. What + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + (主語 + 謂語)!例如:
What a useful book (it is)?。ㄟ@是)多么有用的一本書??!
What an honest boy (he is)!(他是)一個多么誠實的男孩??!
What a wonderful plan (you have made)?。阒贫耍┮粋€多么好的計劃啊!
2. What + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 + (主語 + 謂語)!例如:
What terrible weather (today is)?。ń裉焓牵┒嗝丛愀獾奶鞖獍。?/p>
What beautiful girls (these are)?。ㄟ@些是)多么漂亮的女孩啊!
What great changes (we have had these years)!(這些年我們經(jīng)歷了)多大的變化??!
3. How + 形容詞/副詞 + (主語 + 謂語)!例如:
How well (the clothes fit)?。ㄟ@衣服)多合身啊!
How hard you work every day!你每天工作多么努力啊!
How heavily it rained just now!剛才雨下得多大??!
How interesting the music sounds!這音樂聽起來多么美妙??!
除了以上三種模式之外,感嘆句還有其他一些模式。其中最常見的是由一個單一的詞或短語構(gòu)成。這種感嘆句簡潔明快,具有鮮明的口語特點。例如:
Fire!失火了!Help!救命!My God!天呀!
Good idea!好主意!Wow!哇!Good luck!好運!Have a good time!過得愉快!Hi/Hello!你好!Wonderful/Great/Good!好極了!Thank goodness!謝天謝地!
三、 如何做有關(guān)感嘆句的試題
1. 找出感嘆句中的主語和謂語。感嘆句中的主語和謂語應(yīng)為自然語序,即主語在前,謂語在后。 2. 若主語前面有可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),則用what a或what an引導(dǎo)感嘆句;若主語前面有可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,則用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句。 3. 若句中無謂語動詞,說明主語和謂語被省略了。若句末是名詞,則應(yīng)在前面用what,what a或what an。 若句末只有形容詞或副詞,則應(yīng)在前面用how。 例如:
1. (2002年云南?。?When I was young,I often walked around the Green Lake Park(翠湖公園) with my grandma.____ nice time it was!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:句中的謂語是was,it是主語。主語前面的time為可數(shù)名詞,前面可用“a/an + 形容詞”修飾,來表示“一段……的時光”。故答案應(yīng)為B。
2. (2006年昆明市)____ natural things they are!
A. How B. What C. Which D. Where
精析:句中的they是主語,are是謂語。主語前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞things,所以應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句。故答案為B。
3. (2007年哈爾濱市) —Its reported that the 29th Olympic torch(奧運火炬) is going to travel to 135 cities around.
—____ exciting the news is!And it will arrive at the Opening ceremony(開幕式) on August 8th,2008.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:句中的is是謂語,the news是主語。主語前面沒有名詞,只有形容詞exciting,所以只能用how來引導(dǎo)感嘆句。故答案應(yīng)為C。
4. (2006年泰州市) —An earthquake(地震) hit Indonesia(印尼) yesterday.
—____ terrible news!
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
精析:句中的主語和謂語被省略。 news是不可數(shù)名詞,其前要用what修飾。故答案應(yīng)為B。
5. (2007年寧波市) —Miss Sun,what are we going to do next?
—____ sunny day!Lets go out for doing sport.
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
精析:答句中省略了主語it和謂語動詞is。 最后一個詞day是名詞單數(shù),sunny是形容詞,其前要用what a來修飾。故答案應(yīng)選B。
四、 中考試題精練
1. (2007年蘭州市)____ it was yesterday because of the storm!
A. What bad weather B. What a bad weather
C. How bad a weather D. How bad weather
2. (2007年南通市) —____ day it is!
—Lets go out and have a picnic!
A. How could B. How nice
C. What a cloudy D. What a lovely
3. (2007年河北?。___ pretty your dress is!Where did you get it?
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
4. (2007年河南?。?—I hear that an old couple(夫婦) are traveling around China by bike.
—Oh,____ long way on their bicycles!They are so great.
A. What a B. How C. What D. How a
5. (2007年濟南市)____ weather it is!
A. What a fine B. How fine
C. What fine D. How fine the
6. (2007年長沙市)____ tall the boy is!He can play volleyball very well.
A. How B. What a C. What
7. (2007年甘肅?。___ warm weather it is today!Lets go climbing.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
8. (2007年呼和浩特市)____ important English speech contest(比賽) they are listening to!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
9. (2006年沈陽市)____ lovely weather!Lets go on a picnic!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
10. (2006年浙江省) —Dad,do you like my picture?
—____!Its the nicest one Ive ever seen.
A. What a strong boy B. How careful
C. How wonderful D. What a brave boy
11. (2006年吉林?。___ exciting game it is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How much
12. (2005年畢節(jié)市)____ beautiful flowers they are!
A. How B. What C. Why D. Which
13. (2006年云南省) —Its raining again.
—I dont like the weather.____ it is today!
A. How cold B. What cold
C. What a cold D. How a cold
Key: 1-5 ADAAC 6-10 AACAC 11-13 BBA
中學(xué)英語園地·教學(xué)指導(dǎo)版2008年4期