“首字母短文填空”型完形填空點(diǎn)撥與操練

王小英

“首字母填詞”是根據(jù)句意和已給的首字母，在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語(yǔ)法正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫(xiě)能力，又考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的理解和運(yùn)用能力。做好這類(lèi)題，主要從以下幾個(gè)方面入手。

1． 通讀全句，把握句意。只有文章意思清楚了，才可能根據(jù)文意進(jìn)行合理的判斷，從而有可能突然產(chǎn)生“靈感”，將斷層點(diǎn)的意義信息比較準(zhǔn)確地反映出來(lái)。

2． 注意精讀，反復(fù)琢磨。做這類(lèi)題，有的可根據(jù)固定用法來(lái)判斷，有的可通過(guò)上下文意思判斷。遇到難詞時(shí)，就抓住空詞句及其前后的句子反復(fù)推敲、再三琢磨該詞在句中的作用，由此判斷出該詞的意義。

3． 把握詞義，填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)確。這里的“準(zhǔn)確”應(yīng)包括：1)符合要求。即所填單詞必須以規(guī)定字母開(kāi)頭。2)符合意思。既符合整篇文章的基調(diào)，更符合所在句子的含義，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層，說(shuō)東道西的情況。3)符合語(yǔ)法。意義相符了，單詞選準(zhǔn)了，還要注意所填單詞是否要作詞形變化：如名詞是否要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，形容詞是否要用比較級(jí)，動(dòng)詞是否要變時(shí)態(tài)等。

4． 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案?？此顔卧~是不是最佳單詞，拼寫(xiě)是否準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，詞形是否要作必要的變化，短文是否前后連貫一致，情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯等。

[實(shí)題分析] 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫(xiě)出所缺單詞，補(bǔ)全短文，使短文完整通順。

George and his wife were looking around for a bigger house. The first place they saw was a bit f__1__ from their office. It would take much time to go to work. The second place was larger b__2__ didnt have a garden. Then they visited a t__3__and a fourth places. Both were too expensive. They n__4__lost hope.

Yesterday they f__5__ a less expensive house—a four-bedroomed house with a little lawn at the front. It was just what the children n__6__. But some of the roofs and walls were b__7__. George needed much money to r__8__the house.

So George asked his father to lend him some money. Georges father wasnt sure if his son would be a__9__to return the money. He thought for a while, then he said, “You grew up w__10__ a garden. I dont think its a must for the children to play in a garden.”

[試題解碼]通讀全文，可以了解到本文講述的是George一家找一套大房子的選房過(guò)程。

1. 從后面句子中的take much time to go to work可知應(yīng)填far，far from意為“遠(yuǎn)離”。

2. 該空前后兩部分具有轉(zhuǎn)折意義，應(yīng)填一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，but既符合首字母要求，又表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，所以填but。

3. 從后面的a fourth可得出此處應(yīng)填third。

4. George夫婦在看了四個(gè)地方后，都不滿(mǎn)意，可知他們幾乎失去了希望，所以應(yīng)填nearly。

5. 從句意可知他們找到了一處較為便宜的房子，所以確定應(yīng)填find，再根據(jù)全文的時(shí)態(tài)，得出應(yīng)填found。

6. 從句意可知這塊草地正是孩子們需要的，所以應(yīng)填needed。

7. 此處所填的單詞應(yīng)該和后一句連起來(lái)看，此句的開(kāi)頭是一個(gè)but，可知房子雖好，但房頂和墻壁有問(wèn)題。后一句說(shuō)George需要很多錢(qián)。根據(jù)首字母可知是房子有破損，所以應(yīng)填broken。

8. 房頂和墻壁有破損，自然是需要修補(bǔ)，所以應(yīng)填repair。

9. 根據(jù)句意可知George的父親是在猶豫George能否還了錢(qián)，be able to意為“能夠做……”，所以應(yīng)填able。

10. 根據(jù)上下文得出，父親不想給George借錢(qián)，因此把George小時(shí)候沒(méi)有在花園玩兒，也長(zhǎng)大了作為借口，所以應(yīng)填without。

[實(shí)踐操練]

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫(xiě)出所缺單詞，補(bǔ)全短文，使短文完整通順。

(A)

If you do not use your arms and legs for some time, they will become weak. When you start using them again, they slowly become s__1__ again. Everybody knows that but many people do not seem to know memories(記憶力) work in the s__2__ way.

When someone says that he has a g__3__ memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by u__4__ it. When some one says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough c__5__to become strong.

If a friend tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us may think his p__6__ should be blamed(被責(zé)備), and f__7__ of us know that it is his o__8__ fault(過(guò)失)rather than his parents. Have you ever found that some people cant read or write but usually they have b__9__ memories? This is because they cant read or write and they have to try to r__10__ things well. Their memories are always exercised.

So if you want to have a good memory, practice remembering things in a way as other people do.

(B)

School education is very important and useful. S__1__ can get a lot of knowledge(知識(shí)) at school. But no one can learn e__2__ from school. Great s__3__ such as Galileo and Einstein got a lot of knowledge out of school or in practice by themselves. A teacher cant teach his students everything even though(即使) hek__4__ a lot. His j__5__ is to show his students how to learn, how to read and how to think. A good teacher with rich experience in t__6__ can teach his students the ways of study. Through these ways the students are a__7__ to learn and get a lot of things by themselves.

Usually it is very e__8__ for the students to remember some rules, but it is very difficult to use those rules to s__9__ some problems. If a teacher really shows the students the ability of how to u__10__ knowledge, they will get more by themselves.

(C)

“Im a singer and a volunteer worker from Shenzhen. I f__1__ happy to be helpful to others and to offer what I have to society,” Cong Fei said these words many t__2__. The popular singer died of stomach cancer in April 2006 at the a__3__ of 37.

Cong devoted himself to charity work. From the year 1994 on, he used all the money he made from commercial performances to help n__4__ 200 children in poor areas and p__5__ for their education.

Cong was found having stom ach cancer in May 2005. His health condition became even w__6__ last February. A month later, he could not take food. One day before his death, he asked doctor to s__7__ treatment. “Dont waste money on me a__8__. Please give the valuable medical resources to people in r__9__ need,” he said. According to his last wish, doctors collected his corneas(角膜) less than one hour a__10__ he died. Cong hoped to help those who have eyesight problems by doing this.

Key(3)